The Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Consequences for Treatment

Sanyal, Arun J.,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lencioni, Riccardo Alphamed Press 2010 The oncologist Vol.15 No.suppl4

<P>Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have liver cirrhosis, which develops following long periods of chronic liver disease. Cirrhosis is characterized by a decrease in hepatocyte proliferation, indicating an exhaustion of the regenerative capacity of the liver, and results in an increase in fibrous tissue and a destruction of liver cells, which may ultimately lead to the development of cancerous nodules. Half of all cases of HCC are associated with hepatitis B virus infection, with a further 25% associated with hepatitis C virus. Other risk factors for developing HCC include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, intake of aflatoxin-contaminated food, diabetes, and obesity. There are multiple factors involved in the etiology of HCC, all of which have a direct impact on patient characteristics and disease course, and although a causative agent can often be identified, HCC remains an extremely complex condition associated with a poor prognosis. Additionally, the geographic variation in etiology means that information from different countries is needed in order to optimize surveillance methods and develop effective chemoprevention strategies. Unfortunately, there are still many gaps in our current understanding, and further research efforts are needed to fully elucidate the diverse mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and offer optimal prevention strategies for those at risk.</P>

Metallicity dependence of envelope inflation in massive stars

Sanyal, D.,Langer, N.,Szé,csi, D.,-C Yoon, S.,Grassitelli, L. Springer-Verlag 2017 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.597 No.-

Challenges Facing Internationalization of SMEs in Emerging Economies: A Study on OECD Model

SANYAL, Shouvik,HISAM, Mohammed Wamique,BAAWAIN, Ali Mohsin Salim Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.2

This research analyses the challenges facing SMEs in Oman in their quest for internationalization. The study is based on the OECD Model of Internationalization put forward in the report titled "How to Foster the Internationalization of SMEs through the Pacific Alliance Integration Process" which focuses on four factors namely finance, business environment, firm capabilities and market access, which are appropriate for an emerging economy like Oman. This study used a descriptive and quantitative research design in attempting to analyze the challenges being faced by Omani SMEs in their endeavors to internationalize. The research investigates causal relationship between variables using positivist and deductive approach. Data collected from 102 respondents was analysed by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) using AMOS. It was found that finance availability was the most significant predictor of internationalization challenges followed by market access and business environment, while firm capabilities had no impact. Thus SMEs need easier access to credit and have to develop their international business networks and their marketing capabilities in order to grow internationally. Keeping in mind the contribution made by SMEs the government has to intervene by opening up easy lines of credit to SME exporters and allowing them relaxations in customs and other duties.

UNTEADY HEAT FLOW AND TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN HUMAN SST REGIONS

Sanyal, D.C.,Maji, N.K. 한국전산응용수학회 2002 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.9 No.2

The temperature distribution in human skin and subdermal tissue layer is presented using bioheat transfer equation. The body temperature is determined by the balance between heat produced and heat lost by our body. The time-dependent solutions have been found to be affected by the metabolic heat generation rate, blood mass flow, the rate of evaporation of perspiration and also by the atmospheric temperature. The analytic solutions for different layers have been calculated numerically and are also shown graphically.

Entrepreneurial Orientation, Network Competence and Human Capital: The Internationalization of SMEs in Oman

SANYAL, Shouvik,HISAM, Mohammed Wamique,BAAWAIN, Ali Mohsin Salim Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8

Internationalization of SMEs has gathered pace in recent times with falling trade barriers and rising world trade encouraging small firms to seek profits and growth in foreign markets. This has attracted the attention of researchers, and several studies have been conducted in Western nations on the factors influencing the process of SME internationalization. However, hardly any study has been done on SME internationalization in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) region, thus leaving a gap in the literature. This study investigates the influence of four factors, namely, human capital, network competency, entrepreneurial orientation, and market volatility on the degree of internationalization of SMEs in Oman. The study employs survey data collected from 150 SME owners and managers using a structured questionnaire having 27 items, and has been analyzed using correlation and logistic regression, as the dependent variable is binary in nature. The results reveal the impact of the chosen variables on the degree of internationalization of SMEs. The findings of the study suggest that network competency has the highest impact on degree of internationalization of Omani SMEs, followed by human capital and entrepreneurial orientation, while market volatility, though insignificant, moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and degree of internationalization of Omani SMEs.

Mechanisms of III-V//Si Tandem Solar Cells Using Double Layer Anti-Reflection Coating and Transparent Conductive Adhesive Bonding

Simpy Sanyal,Seungyong Han,Somin Park,Younghyun Cho,Duy Phong Pham,Youngkuk Kim,Suresh Kumar,Junsin Yi 한국신재생에너지학회 2022 AFORE Vol.2022 No.9

Prognosis of aerodynamic coefficients of butterfly plan shaped tall building by surrogate modelling

Prasenjit Sanyal,Sayantan Banerjee,Sujit Kumar Dalui 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.34 No.4

Irregularity in plan shape is very common for any type of building as it enhances better air ventilation for the inhabitants. Systematic opening at the middle of the facades makes the appearance of the building plan as a butterfly one. The primary focus of this study is to forecast the force, moment and torsional coefficient of a butterfly plan shaped tall building. Initially, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study is done on the building model based on Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) k-epsilon turbulence model. Fifty random cases of irregularity and angle of attack (AOA) are selected, and the results from these cases are utilised for developing the surrogate models. Parametric equations are predicted for all these aerodynamic coefficients, and the training of these outcomes are also done for developing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). After achieving the target acceptance criteria, the observed results are compared with the primary CFD data. Both parametric equations and ANN matched very well with the obtained data. The results are further utilised for discussing the effects of irregularity on the most critical wind condition.

Deterioration of Porcelain Insulators Utilized in Overhead Transmission Lines: A Review

Simpy Sanyal,Fawad Aslam,김태용,전성호,이윤정,이준신,최인혁,손주암,구자빈 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.1

Reliability of a power system is generally designated as a measure of the ability of the system to provide customers with adequate and constant supply. Power system failure have adverse eff ects and become a great concern for important large scale industries in South Korea such as semiconductors, steel and chemicals which require a high quality, stable power supply. In South Korea, nearly 80% of transmission system failures are caused by either natural eventualities such as lightning strikes or failure of insulators. Ageing assets pose signifi cant challenges for utilities. Moisture with high temperature, fl uctuation in temperature, contamination and electric stress accelerates aging in suspension insulators. The primary goal for the utility is to utilize the full life of an asset, but ageing increases the probability of deterioration and failure of equipment. The average age of vital assets, is estimated to be more than 35 years. In South Korea near about 1,223,538 porcelain insulators are reported to be in functional state. Among them only 65.19% of insulators are reported to be in operative state over 35 years. Insulators demand only 5–8% of installation costs. However, it demands more than 50% of maintenance costs. Thus, deterioration of insulator enhances capital expenditure and decrease returns on the asset base. Therefore, insulators should possess excellentelectrical aging resistance to prevent deterioration of insulators. Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), largest power generation and distribution utility in South Korea utilize porcelain for almost all suspension insulators employed in transmission lines. Porcelain insulators are usually employed in transmission system as they are cost-effective and possess near about 30 to 60 years of lifespan. Lifetime evaluation of porcelain insulators in overhead transmission line is absolutely challenging, owing to aging process. This work highlights investigation of various failures of suspension type porcelain insulators, infl uencing factors responsible for degradation in lifetime and deterioration of suspension type insulators, various laboratory test methods available for evaluation of insulators employed in overhead transmission lines.

Effect of corner modifications on ‘Y’ plan shaped tall building under wind load

Prasenjit Sanyal,Sujit Kumar Dalui 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.30 No.3

Wind load and responses are the major factors which govern the design norms of tall buildings. Corner modification is one of the most commonly used minor shape modification measure which significantly reduces the wind load and responses. This study presents a comparison of wind load and pressure distribution on different corner modified (chamfered and rounded) Y plan shaped buildings. The numerical study is done by ANSYS CFX. Two turbulence models, k-epsilon and Shear Stress Transport (SST), are used in the simulation of the building and the data are compared with the previous experimental results in a similar flow condition. The variation of the flow patterns, distribution of pressure over the surfaces, force and moment coefficients are evaluated and the results are represented graphically to understand the extent of nonconformities due to corner modifications. Rounded corner shape is proving out to be more efficient in comparing to chamfered corner for wind load reduction. The maximum reduction in the maximum force and moment coefficient is about 21.1% and 19.2% for 50% rounded corner cut.

Influence of Corrosion on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Suspension Insulators: An Overview

Simpy Sanyal,김태용,전성호,이윤정,이준신,최인혁,손주암,구자빈 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.6

Corrosion of porcelain insulators has become a consequential threat to the secure and steady performance of power utilities. The losses due to corrosion have been calculated to be approximately 2–5% of the gross national product of any country. Under the infl uence of various contaminated environment, space between lower surface of iron cap and porcelain surface bridged by water which supports corrosion in iron cap and pin because of electrolytic process. Investigations validate corrosion found within metal part of insulators can worsen the bond between metal part and other accessories surrounding it and degrade its electrical and mechanical characteristics. These issues can be suppressed partially by utilizing various approaches such as washing and greasing of insulators, utilizing corrosion resistant metals and nonmetallic pins, zinc sleeve concept and U-shaped zinc ring etc. This paper highlights principle of corrosion mechanism especially focusing on corrosion occurs in metal part of insulators, causes of corrosion, dominance of pin and iron cap corrosion on mechanical and electrical characteristics of insulators. Furthermore, various approaches for suppression of corrosion in metal part of suspension insulators have been reviewed.