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결합상표의 수요자 인식에 따른 유사성 평가 - 외관의 유사여부 -
이상경 ( Yi Sangkyung ),이창근 ( Lee Changkun ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2013 한국디자인포럼 Vol.41 No.-
브랜드마크(이하 상표)가 지적재산권의 권리로서 보호받고 궁극적으로 소비자의 올바른 선택을 보호하기 위해서는 유사브랜드의 상표권 침해에 따른 현행 사법적 판단방법의 문제점을 재인식 할 필요성이 대두된다. 본 연구의 목적은 현행 상표심사기준의 관찰방법에 있어서 `보편적 수요자 주의력`에 입각한 심판자의 심결과 현실적 수요자의 인식에 따른 차이를 유사성 평가배점표(이상경,2011)를 사용하여 비교 탐색 해 보는데 의의를 두고 있다. 특히 본 연구는 `브랜드마크의 유사성 평가모델`(이상경,2011)의 후속 연구로서 대법원 판결 사례 중 본 연구에 부합하는 4가지 사례를 추출하여 설문조사와 유사성 평가배점표를 기반으로 양 상표에 대한 유사정도와 유사판단의 적절한 판단 기준치 값을 도출하고자 하였다. 아울러 평가 모델에 의거한 정량화 된 결과치와 기존 사법적 판결과의 비교를 통하여 현행 심사판결에 대한 흠결여부를 타진해보고자 하였다. 결론적으로 유사성 평가모델을 향 후 사법적 심사결정의 보조 수단으로서 흠결을 보완할 수 있는 기초 도구로서 사용되기를 기대한다. Brand mark are protected as intellectual property rights of the consumer and ultimately the right choice in order to protect the brand`s trademark infringement similar to the way the current four legal judgments in the recognition of the need to issue arises. The purpose of this study based on the observation of the current screening methods in the brand "universal consumer attention," one judge on the basis of the trial decision and the actual difference in the perception of consumers compared using a similarity score sheet(yi sangkyung,2011) was to explore. In particular, this study Similarity evaluation model of the brand mark (yi sangkyung, 2011) as a follow-up study of Supreme Court cases that meet the four cases in this study to extract the similarity ratings surveys based on the volume label for similarity score sheet similar degree and Similar judgment was appropriate benchmarks to derive the values. In addition, the quantitative evaluation model based on the resulting value with the existing judicial decisions and decisions by comparing the current assessment whether the defect was performed to percussion. In conclusion, the similarity assessment model future judicial review of the decision aid as a means to compensate for deficiencies in the foundation is expected to be used as a tool.
Sangkyung Kim 한국외국어교육학회 2015 Foreign languages education Vol.22 No.4
This study investigated the test scores and student responses about placement in the General Education English Program by level and major. Using composite scores of College Scholastic Ability Test for English (CSAT) and the in-house speaking test (SEPT), the study placed students into four levels (2–5). It also categorized 1,847 students into three groups: Humanities and Social Science (HS), Business Administration and Law (BL), and Science and Engineering (SE). Higher levels showed significant differences in oral proficiency while having similar results on the CSAT. Lower levels attained similar scores on the SEPT but represented a vast range of CSAT scores. Participants across all levels understood the purpose of the placement test, perceived the content of the SEPT as appropriate, and positively responded toward the accuracy of placement. HS and BL scored higher on the test than SE, confirming the contrast between engineering and non-engineering majors. HS, however, showed more positive evaluation on the accuracy of placement than BL and SE. Across groups and levels, all participants opposed exclusively using CSAT in course placement. This study discusses utilizing data by various variables to enhance differentiated instruction and to meet unique needs of students at all levels with different majors; it also addresses using CSAT scores as the exclusive criterion.
Sangkyung Choen 대한핵의학회 2023 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.57 No.1
Purpose We evaluated the kinetics of the hypoxia PET radiotracers, [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]fluoroazomycin-arabinoside ([18F]FAZA), for tumor hypoxia detection and to assess the correlation of hypoxic kineticparameters with static imaging measures in canine spontaneous tumors. Methods Sixteen dogs with spontaneous tumors underwent a 150-min dynamic PET scan using either [18F]FMISO or [18F]FAZA. The maximum tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMRmax) > 1.4 on the last image frame was used as the standard thresholdto determine tumor hypoxia. The tumor time-activity curves were analyzed using irreversible and reversible two-tissuecompartment models and graphical methods. TMRmaxwas compared with radiotracer trapping rate (k3), influx rate (Ki), anddistribution volume (VT). Results Tumor hypoxia was detected in 7/8 tumors in the [18F]FMISO group and 4/8 tumors in the [18F]FAZA group. Allhypoxic tumors were detected at > 120 min with [18F]FMISO and at > 60 min with [18F]FAZA. [18F]FAZA showed betterfit with the reversible model. TMRmaxwas strongly correlated with the irreversible parameters (k3 and Ki) for [18F]FMISOat > 90 min and with the reversible parameter (VT) for [18F]FAZA at > 120 min. Conclusions Our results showed that [18F]FAZA provided a promising alternative radiotracer to [18F]FMISO with detectingthe presence of tumor hypoxia at an earlier time (60 min), consistent with its favorable faster kinetics. The strong correlationbetween TMRmaxover the 90–150 min and 120–150 min timeframes with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA, respectively, withkinetic parameters associated with tumor hypoxia for each radiotracer, suggests that a static scan measurement (TMRmax) isa good alternative to quantify tumor hypoxia.
On the Mode-Matched Control of MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope via Phase-Domain Analysis and Design
Sangkyung Sung,Woon-Tahk Sung,Changjoo Kim,Sukchang Yun,Young Jae Lee IEEE 2009 IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics Vol.14 No.4
<P>This paper investigates a novel method for the mode-matched control of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscope through a phase-domain analysis. Compared with the previous works, the proposed method presents a simple and robust automatic mode tuning scheme for sensitivity enhancement. In designing the mode-matched control loop, the resonant characteristics of the driving axis are used as the reference mode. Then, the phase difference between sense and drive modes at the resonant frequency of drive mode is used to generate a control signal for phase error regulation. For the control loop design, a linear phase-locked loop is adapted. Through the simulation using practical MEMS gyroscope parameters, the mode-matching performance and robustness of the designed control loop is demonstrated. It is also shown that coupling effect yields no degradation of output sensitivity. Finally, the experimental results obtained by implementing the electronics of mode-matched control verify the feasibility of the proposed method.</P>
reBalance: A Customizable Data Visualization Approach to Keeping a Balanced Health
Sangkyung Kwak,Nabila Sindi Listyo,Jeongeon Park,Uichin Lee 한국HCI학회 2022 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.2
Maintaining a good, balanced health is important but difficult. People often do not have a clear sense of what is healthy, and where to improve from. In order to help people who are failing to maintain a balanced life, we present reBalance, a health data visualization system that allows exploration of one’s own data with multiple visualization. In addition, the edit mode in reBalance assists users in defining their own definition of being healthy through choosing one’s own metrics.
Performance comparison between 87Rb‑natural Xe–N2 and 87 Rb–129Xe–131Xe–N2 atom spin gyroscopes
Lee Sangkyung,Lee Deok Young,Shim Kyu Min,Yim Sin Hyuk 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.3
We have developed an atom spin gyroscope that uses a Rb–Xe vapor cell. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the angular random walk (ARW) of a Rb-natural Xe–N 2 vapor cell and a Rb–129Xe–131Xe–N 2 vapor cell were compared in terms of the Allan deviation. The low SNR of the 131 Xe signal was the main limitation of the ARW in the 87Rb-natural Xe–N 2 atom spin gyroscope. The 87Rb–129Xe–131Xe–N 2 atom spin gyroscope with a partial pressure ratio of 129 Xe to 131 Xe of 1:5 provided a SNR of 879 and a transverse relaxation time of 19.6 s, respectively, for an 131 Xe signal. Compared to the 87Rb-natural Xe–N 2 atom spin gyroscope, the 87Rb–129Xe–131Xe–N 2 atom spin gyroscope with an improved SNR showed that the magnetic-fieldinduced noise limited the ARW of our system. To stabilize the bias magnetic field, we applied a magnetic field feedback of 300-fT resolution with a 4-Hz bandwidth. As a result, the correlation between the magnetic field and the rotation rate from the atom spin gyroscope output was removed. The 87Rb–129Xe–131Xe–N 2 atom spin gyroscope achieved an ARW of 0.11◦∕ h1∕2 and a bias instability of 0.5◦∕h.
Harmony Search 알고리즘의 수렴성 개선에 관한 연구
이상경(SangKyung Lee),고광은(Kwang-Enu Ko),심귀보(Kwee-Bo Sim) 한국지능시스템학회 2011 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3
복잡해진 최적화문제를 전통적인 방법보다 효율적으로 해결하기위해 유전알고리즘이나 개미군집화, 하모니서치알고리즘과 같은 다양한 메타휴리스틱이 개발되었다. 그 중에서 하모니 서치알고리즘이 다른 메타휴리스틱알고리즘보다 좋은 결과를 보이고 있다. 하모니 서치 알고리즘은 음악을 작곡할 때 아름다운 소리를 내는 하모니를 찾는 과정을 모방했다. 성능은 하모니 메모리에서 선택하는 비율인 HMCR값과 하모니 메모리에서 선택된 값의 조정 비율을 결정하는 PAR값에 따라 달라지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 다르게 말하면 두 변수의 기반이 되는 하모니 메모리의 사용방법의 문제로 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 설정한 기간 동안 더 좋은 최적해를 찾지 못할 경우 하모니 메모리의 일부를 좋은 하모니로 구성되게 수정하는 방법을 제안했다. 테스트 함수를 이용한 검증 실험결과에서 하모니 메모리를 수정할 경우 정확도 변화가 적어 신뢰성 있는 정확도를 보였으며, Iteration이 짧더라도 최적값에 근접한 값을 찾았다. In order to solve a complex optimization problem more efficiently than traditional approaches, various meta-heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, ant-colony algorithm, and harmony search algorithm have been extensively researched. Compared with other meta-heuristic algorithm, harmony search algorithm shows a better result to resolve the complex optimization issues. Harmony search algorithm is inspired by the improvision process of musician for most suitable harmony. In general, the performance of harmony search algorithm is determined by the value of harmony memory considering rate, and pitch adjust rate. In this paper, modified harmony search algorithm is proposed in order to derive best harmony. If the optimal solution of a specific problem can not be found for a certain period of time, a part of original harmony memory is updated as the selected suitable harmonies. Experimental results using test function demonstrate that the updated harmony memory can induce the approximation of reliable optimal solution in the short iteration, because of a few change of fitness.
미국 헌법재판제도의 성립의 초기배경 및 마샬 대법원장의 헌법재판권 정당화 논의의 재조명
이상경(Sangkyung Lee) 한국헌법학회 2011 憲法學硏究 Vol.17 No.1
Since constitutional review in the United States originates from historical outcomes which have been filed and accumulated for a long time as premises that brought forth the Chief Justice Marshall's famous decision of Marbury case, it is necessary to examine the historical backgrounds of the Marbury case. Hence, this article focuses on the dictum of Bonham's case handed down by Sir James Coke in 1610 as well as focuses on the assertions by Hamilton in his Federalist paper No 78. that the power of constitutional review should be conferred on the Supreme Court of the United States. Furthermore, it is needed to bring the arguments for the legitimacy of the Court's power to review the constitutionality of the laws which seem to be repugnant to the Constitution of the United States under the limelight, for Chief Justice Marshall's thoughts on the constitutional review power of the Court presumably are to be influenced by all the previous historical factors and ideas occurred amongst lawyers and politicians before he handed down the Marbury case. Also, since it can be said that Chief Justice Marshall's arguments seem to be related to many others' thoughts at that time, this article thoroughly dig into his constitutional reflections and arguments for the constitutional review power implied in his decision of the Marbury case. In addition, as the Court has the power to review the laws passed by the majority votes in the Congress and to make them invalid and void when against the Constitution, the Counter-majoritarian difficulties that the Court must face should be addressed in order to enhance the Court's status consisting of unelected members, which diminishes the Court's legitimacy for its constitutional review power. Nonetheless, this article insists that the Court has resolved various constitutional problems and gives more protection for the people with regard to the freedom guaranteed under the Constitution. In this regard, the Court has been given the legitimacy, for it has used its constitutional review power to give more protections for the people, which allows the Court the democratic legitimacy. 미국의 헌법재판제도는 그것이 일어나기 위한 전제적인 요인들이 오랜 시간 축적되고 쌓인 결과로 성립된 것이다. 따라서 이를 정면으로 인정한 마샬 대법원장의 마베리 판결이 나오게 된 역사적인 전제조건들을 살펴보는 것은 미국의 헌법재판제도의 기원을 제대로 이해하는데 필요한 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 우선 마베리 사건 이전의 헌법재판의 기원이 될 만한 사건들인 1610년의 본햄사건(Bonham's Case)과 미국 독립혁명 후 해밀턴이 헌법재판권을 미연방대법원에 부여해야 한다고 주장한 내용 등을 검토한다. 또한 이러한 역사적인 사건들을 통해 여러모로 시사를 받은 마샬 대법원장이 연방대법원의 위상을 높이는 판결-헌법재판권을 법원에 부여하는 마베리 판결-을 하게 되었으므로 판결의 내용을 통해 피력된 헌법재판권의 정당성에 관한 여러 응축된 논의들을 재조명해볼 필요가 있다. 마샬 대법원장의 논리는 마베리 사건 이전에 주장된 연방 대법원의 위상과 역할에 관한 논의 및 여러 사상들과 자연스럽게 연결되어 있으며 이러한 헌정사적인 고뇌를 바탕으로 하여 법원이 헌법재판권을 행사토록 논리 구성한 것이기 때문에 이에 대한 재조명을 통해 과연 헌법재판권을 법원에 부여한 것이 타당하였는지 검토한다. 나아가 헌법 재판제도의 반민주성 혹은 반다수주의성에 대한 논란이 지속되고 있기 때문에 이에 대해서도 함께 살펴본다. 특히 민주주의와 다수결주의의 관점에서 헌법재판을 정당화하는 문제가 심도 있게 거론되고 있는데 이는 대부분의 다른 권력기관의 구성원들은 다수결에 의한 선거로 선출되는데 반하여 대부분의 법관들은 선거되지 않기에 소위 반다수주의적 세력이라고 간주되기 때문인 것이다. 다만 연방 대법원의 헌법재판권은 핵심적인 국민의 권리를 보장하는데 도움이 된다는 점을 이유로 민주주의와 조화될 수 있다고 보기에 이러한 부분에서 미국 연방 대법원은 자유 민주주의적 정당성에 근거한 또 다른 정당성을 부여받고 있다고 할 수 있다.