『十二月 十二日』 : 이상과 졸라와의 제휴

심상욱(Shim Sang-wook) 韓國批評文學會 2010 批評文學 Vol.- No.37

This paper is to examine the affiliation of Yi Sang’s Twelfth December and Emile Zola’s Experimental Novel by Edward W. Said’s Traveling Theory. Yi Sang wrote it with the main character ‘he’ as alta ego, Yi Sang himself. He dealt with the social background of 1920s in it. Naturalism in literature deals with the evil aspects of human life and is in varying degrees deterministic view. This current thought was affected to Yi Sang with various trends via Japan from Europe. The naturalistic writer uses the knowledge and attitudes of current science in his depiction of human life. He described a segment of human existence according to the laws of scientific causality. The writer analyzes his characters and their social situations as the effects proceeding from various combinations of physical, emotional, and environmental causes. After all man was a phenomenon caused by certain hereditary and environmental forces. As we read it by comparative literary theory we should read the work according to context. Consequently, we can understand Yi Sang wrote the social situation in December Twelfth with Zola’s limited determinism in the 1930s’ colonial situation in Korea.

이상 문학과 신화

심상욱 ( Sang Wook Shim ) 세계문학비교학회 ( 구 한국세계문학비교학회 ) 2007 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Lee Sang(1910-1937) practiced paintings, novels, poems and essays, when Korea was a colonial country. Especially he participated Guinhoi(Nine Members Circle) discussing literary topics, which introduced to the Western modernism to Korea. As Bulfinch said that mythology is the handmaid of literature, the traditional myths form the backbone of the world literature. Creating his works I think Lee Sang used Sam Jog O(三足烏), a kind of mythic birds as the messenger living in the sun in the Oriental and Korean myth. It is similar to Phoenix in the Western myth, and when the young Phoenix has grown up and gained sufficient strength, it lifts its nest from the tree which is its own cradle and its parent`s sepulchre and deposits it in the temple of the sun. As Joyce` novels are the immediate example of the reinvestment of mythology in modernistic art at the colonial period of Ireland, through Guinhoi in the colonial period of Korea, Lee Sang interested in Joyce`s mythic narrative and in the process of writing he recognized a Korean traditional myth, Sam Jog O, the crow with three legs living in the sun. This myth was disappeared in the colonial period, however, it is refreshing now. At the colonial period Choi Nam-Sun researched the old Korean myth with Northern Asian and he asserted its importance. Like him Lee Sang also probably knew it. Kim Ki Rim, a Korean modernist, called him "Jupiter" of Greek-Roman myth in a poem of reconsidering Lee Sang. Through the above we know that Lee Sang composed his works by bird images in myths.

조이스의 신화기법으로 본 이상의 『오감도(烏瞰圖)』: 삼족오 신화

심상욱 ( Sang Wook Shim ) 세계문학비교학회 ( 구 한국세계문학비교학회 ) 2006 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.16 No.-

"Ogamdo", which means map viewed from crow, written by Lee Sang is a Korean modernist poem. Although many scholars have studied this work, they haven`t explained completely contents of it. When Korea was occupied from Japan and was become a colonial country, Lee Sang practiced painting, first, and then wrote his works, that is, novels, poems, and essays. Then he was participated Guinhoi(Nine Members Meeting) with Kim Ki-rim, Jeong Ji-Yong, etc. to talk and discuss a literary topics included the western modernism and others. That time, I think, he recognized Korean traditional myth related to the three legs crow in the old Korean myth. In the old myth the crow has lived in the sun and given the human bing help. When Lee Sang had composed Ogamdo, he used it as symbols to explain the various preassure from Japan in the colonial period. And so I think he was interested in the western modernism related to James Joyce`s mythic narrative included T. S. Eliot, and when wrote works he used this method. Now Lee Sang`s works have been studied till deconstruction theory, and in this sense I think scholars must review Lee Sang`s works by postcolonial theory.

Difference between Kim Munjip’s Mark Criticism and Ch’oe Chaeso’s ‘Realism’ on Yi Sang’s “Wings”

( Shim Sang-wook ),( Park Kyoon-cheol ) 한국일본어문학회 2016 日本語文學 Vol.68 No.-

이 논문은 이상의 「날개」를 분석한 재일한국인 김문집의 논문과 최재서의 논문의 차이점을 살폈다. 최재서는 경성제대(현재 서울대학교)에서 영문학을 전공하여 한국문단에 서구문학에 대한 논문을 발표하면서 한국 작가의 작품을 일본어로 번역하여 일본문단에 발표했다. 그 중 이상이 1936년에 발표한 「날개」에 대해 「리얼리즘의 심화와 확대」란 논문을 발표하여 오늘날까지도 한국의 리얼리즘 문학을 논할 때 반드시 읽어야 할 논문으로 이상의 작품을 독자들에게 알리는 시금석이 된 글이다. 김문집은 친일비평가로 일본작가들의 작품을 표준삼아 한국작가의 작품을 보다 낮게 평가하는 소위 ‘채점 비평’을 채용하여 작품을 평가했다. 그는 이상의 「날개를 59점으로 평가하여 동경문단에 발표했다. 이러한 내용을 알게 된 이상은 문우 김유정을 소재로 하여 창작한 「소설 김유정」에서 김문집을 ‘족보도 없는 비평가’라고 비하해 꼬집었다. 이것은 최재서가 서구의 리얼리즘론으로 이상의 작품을 평했던 반면에 김문집은 그러한 이론과는 거리가 먼 오직 일본의 문학경향을 좇아 한국문학을 평가했기 때문이다. 이와 같이 두 비평가의 글에서 볼 수 있듯이 연구자들은 비평에 앞서 제반 비평이론을 철저히 검증을 한 후 비평에 임해야 할 것이다. This article is to examine difference between Kim Munjip’s mark criticism and Ch’oe Chaeso’s realism on Yi Sang’s “Wings.” Yi wrote a novel related to his fellow Kim Youjeong as “A Novel Kim You Jeong” as a posthumous work in Chungsaekgi(1939). In the work he exposures Kim Munjip, Korean-Japanese critic, as ‘a critic without genealogical table’, after knowing Kim announced "Wings" as failed work in Tokyo literary community. In fact “Wings” was appreciated ‘well written work with realistic technique’ by Ch’oe Chaeo in Korea. By the way Kim Munjip made it the score 59 point below 60 point passing score by his mark criticism. Since each critic’s critical view is different, first of all, critics must have prudential and discreet on adjusting critical theory. What we can know here is Kim’s analysis of “Wings” is too narrow marked score according to his mark criticism, because his critical view is connected with Japan’s ideology and his submission to Japan’s rule, and after all he became a Korean-Japanese.

이상의『김유정』과 서구의 자연주의와의 관계

심상욱(Sang-wook Shim) 한국동서비교문학학회 2014 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.30

This paper is to examine Yi Sang’s “Kim You Jeong” in terms of Western naturalism, since Yi Sang, as an experimental writer, wrote the graduated album’s memo, ‘exposure’, a theme of naturalism, focused on ‘a discovery rather than an invention’ in 1928. His ‘exposure’, found in Western naturalism, especially American naturalism, is the origin of his works. It is certain that naturalism is a deceptive term, which is not fixed meaning. He wrote the real description using a scientific method which is affinity to science. Western naturalists took a definite concept of man which aimed to express in the writing the scientific thought in literature. Korean scholars in 1930s didn’t drew a sharp line between realism and naturalism like Western scholars, and so, Choi Jai Suh wrote Yi Sang’s works as ‘more deepening and expending than realistic method.’ According to the above, we can say Yi Sang wrote his works with more naturalism than realism.

「街外街傳」과 「황무지」에 나타난 이상과 엘리엇의 제휴

심상욱(Shim Sang-wook) 韓國批評文學會 2011 批評文學 Vol.- No.39

이 논문은 이상 작품의 서구문학사조와의 관계에 초점을 맞춰 이상이 1936년에 발표한 「街外街傳」(가외가전)을 T. S. 엘리엇(T. S. Eliot)의 「황무지」(The Waste Land)와 비교하여 그 의미를 살펴보았다. 한국이 일본의 식민지로 있을 때 서구에서는 제임스 조이스가 ?율리시즈?를 창작하여 T.S. 엘리엇이 조이스의 작품이 신화기법으로 창작되었음을 밝혀 내 모더니즘의 중심과제로 등장해 있었다. 이러한 서구문학은 일본을 경유하여 유학파인 김기림, 정지용 등이 한국에 들여와 이상과 같은 한국 문인들에게 자극을 주었다. 엘리엇의 ‘신화기법’은 현대적인 것과 고대적인 것을 작품 속에 공존시킴으로서 흩어진 사건을 통합하는 방법이었지만, 이상은 한국의 신화와 동양사상에 대한 그의 지속적인 관심을 표현해 냈다. 이상은 식민지 치하에서 살지 않으면 안 되는 상황에서 편안한 대륙으로 암시된 고대 중국을 회상하면서 식민지 치하의 답답한 상황을 벗어나고자 하며, “손자(係子)도 탑재한 객차가 방을 피하나보다.”로 표현하여 중국을 원망하면서 한국의 삼족오 신화가 일본의 신화에 편입된 것을 일깨워 한국의 고유의 전통의식을 자극하고 있다. 엘리엇이 「황무지」에서 신화기법으로 현대문명의 위기를 그려낸 것처럼 이상은 「가외가전」에서 사라진 한국의 신화와 동양사상을 은유적으로 사용하여 한국의 식민지 상황을 그려냈다. 한국의 모더니즘을 주도했던 김기림이 이상을 한국의 ‘최후의 모더니스트’라고 지칭한 바와 같이 그의 ?가외가전?은 식민지 통치가 극에 달하고 있을 때 ‘서울의 모습’을 공개적으로는 말할 수 없어 ‘거리 밖의 이야기’로 그려낸 ‘폭로’적인 작품임을 알 수 있다. This paper is to examine an affiliation of Yi Sang and T. S. Eliot in Gawoigajeon(?街外街傳?) and The Waste Land written by them. For a Korean modernist Yi Sang, during the colonial period, potentially thought that the Korean myth had disappeared from Korean history into a Japanese myth caused by Japan’s colonial policy. He knew T. S. Eliot’s mythic narrative through Guinhoi and other sources. He became the last member of Guinhoi(九人會) and acted in various roles late in life. Through Guinhoi, he came to know a large amount of Western literary thoughts from abroad and created a variety of works, especially according to T. S. Eliot's mythic narrative explaining writing techniques of Joyce’s Ulysses. As Kim, Ki-rim called Yi Sang “Jupiter,” Kim, Yun-sik asked for researchers “Why did Kim, Ki-rim call him “Jupiter”? This question is very important to know Yi Sang, since both Kim, Ki-rim and Yi sang were Korean modernists in the1930s. I think it that both writers created their poems by Eliot’s mythic narrative technique. However, after Yi Sang’s death Kim Ki-rim called him Jupiter, the gratest god of the Greek-Roman myths. As we think of Yi Sang, we must consider Kim, Ki-rim’s The Weather Chart(氣象圖) written in 1935 with Yi Sang’s Gawoigajeon in 1936. ThoughKim was a pioneer for importing Western modernism in Korean Literature, Yi Sang was a representative practice writer written Gawoigajeon depicted the urbanSeoul by the Joycean mythic narrative in the colonial period.

골반통증을 동반한 폐쇄신경 기원의 퇴행성 신경초종

이상욱,김두상,조현득,이창호,전윤수,이남규 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

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[논문]자연신체활동 프로그램의 실태 및 인식 조사

진성욱,황해익 부산대학교 교육연구소 2011 교육혁신연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구에서는 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따라 유아의 스트레스 정도 및 유아의 스트레스 대처행동에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 문제에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따른 유아의 스트레스 정도에는 통계상 유의미한 차이가 없었고, 유아 스트레스 하위 영역인 교사, 또래, 학습 환경에서도 통계상 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 학습 활동영역에서 교사-유아 애착안정성이 낮은 유아 집단이 높은 집단보다 스트레스를 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 교사-유아 애착안정성 정도에 따라 교사, 또래,학습 환경 요인과 관련된 유아 스트레스에 차이가 없으며, 교사-유아 애착안정성이 높을수록 유아가 학습활동 요인과 관련된 스트레스를 덜 받는다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따른 유아의 능동적, 수동적, 신비적 스트레스 대처행동 양식에서 통계상 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도가 높은 집단이 능동적 대처를 더 많이 하고, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도가 낮은 집단이 수동적 대처와 신비적 대처를 비교적 더 많이 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. Due to lack of systemic program regarding physical activity in children, the study is to identify the constitution and development of the Natural Physical Activity Program by offering environmentally friendly elements such as wind, sun, mountain, sea, river, tree, flower, field for children. We expect children to learn the relation with nature, respect for life, understanding and love, importance of working together, and etc. The research questions for the purpose of this study are as followed: First, this study is going to identify the overall awareness and its needs of the Natural Physical Activity Program among preschool teachers. Second, we will look over how we can develop such program for preschool teachers. And a direction proposal on Natural Physical Activity Program. About 250 preschool teachers resided in Busan and Gyug-nam province were urged to participate in a research questioning their awareness and needs of the program. Among 250 preschool teachers, we choose 20 of them to interview about the goal, plan and development direction of the program. The result of the study is following as: First, most of the preschool teachers have a positive view on the Natural Physical Activity Program, and they agree that the program is highly needed to use. However, it is urge that overall education environment need to be improved to achieve its goal of the program. Second, the interview on the development direction is categorized as need, development direction, teaching method, evaluation method, activity, problem, improvement, solution, and etc. and, Third, the contents of the program include environmentally friendly elements such as wind, sun, mountain, river, sand, tree, flower, field to induce children’s interest and whole-person education. The contents of the program are expected to deliver hands-on experience for children. And also, the program includes physical activity using a nature object. Based on the potential problems we identified, a next study is expected to deal with following points. First, more empirical research is needed to prove the effectiveness of the program in a broad way by proposing a program that can be applicable at child-education center. Second, the study developed contents to make children feel enjoyable about nature. Unfortunately, in-depth research and development of such program is not sufficient. In this respect, more continuous research on Natural Physical Activity Program is required and need to be widely established.

Evaluation of Hot Deformation and Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors of Advanced Reduced-Activated Alloy (ARAA)

Sang‑Wook Kim,Hyeon‑Woo Son,Taek‑Kyun Jung,Young‑Bum Chun,Yi‑Hyun Park,Ji‑Woon Lee,Soong‑Keun Hyun 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The hot deformation behavior of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) was investigated using hot torsion tests. Thefl ow stress decreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The fl ow behavior demonstratedthe typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Based on the constitutive analysis of peak stress, the activation energy for hotdeformation was found to be 330.3 kJ mol −1 . Peak stress was analyzed as a function of the Zener–Hollomon parameter, andcalculated and experimental values were in good agreement. A DRX kinetic model for ARAA was derived with deformationconditions based on the Avrami-type model. It was confi rmed that the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grainsincreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The necklace structure and grain boundarybulging were observed in the deformed microstructure of ARAA. The suggested DRX mechanism for ARAA during hotworking is discontinuous DRX.

중국의 애니메이션산업의 지역별 효율성 분석

김상욱 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2014 사회과학연구 Vol.36 No.1

This paper analyzes the efficiency of the animation industry in China, from regional level, set period to 2011-2012. This paper use DEA-Malmquist method, because it could analyzes the dynamic efficiency. And this paper use 13 regions, because the other regions can not use full data. The result find that the Guangdong province and the Jiangsu province have relative high efficiency, compared with another regions. These region’s regional economic development level higher than another regions, and can provide the high-qualified labor forces. But, Beijing and Shanghai’s efficiency improvement lower than Guangdong and Jiangsu. Because Beijing and Shanghai entered from the initial quantity growth stage to the quality development stage. 중국의 애니메이션산업은 2000년대 이후 본격적으로 발전하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국의 애니메이션산업의 발전 현황을 지역별로 분석해 보고, 이를 통해 지역별 애니메이션산업의 상대적 효율성을 비교한다. 분석결과에 의하면 동부 연해안 지역의 주요 성·시(省·市)들 중 광동성과 강소성 등 지역의 상대적 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이 들 지역은 지역경제발전 수준이 상대적으로 높은 지역이며 또한 전문적인 노동력시장이 다른 지역과 비교할 때 상대적으로 발달해 있는 지역이다. 따라서 애니메이션산업의 상대적 효율성도 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 북경시와 상해시 등 지역은 상대적 효율성이 개선되지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 중국의 애니메이션산업이 양적 성장단계로부터 질적 발전 단계로 이행하는 과도기에 있기 때문으로 해석된다.