Determining the Optimal Cooking Time for Cooking Loss, Shear Force, and Off-Odor Reduction of Pork Large Intestines

Sung-Su Kim,Yee Eun Lee,ho Hyun Kim,Joong-Seok Min,Dong Gyun Yim,Cheorun Jo 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal cooking time by considering the cooking loss, shear force, and off-odor reduction of pork large intestines. Commercial pork large intestines were purchased, quartered perpendicularly, and cooked in boiling water for 40, 120, 180, and 240 min. Cooking loss of the samples increased after 240 min of cooking (10.92, p<0.05) while shear force value was lower at 240 min (4.45) compared to that at other cooking times (p<0.001). The amount of major volatile organic compounds showed a decreasing trend with increasing cooking time. In particular, the amount of methyl pentanoate (17,528.71) and methyl isobutyrate (812.51), compounds with a relatively low odor threshold, decreased significantly after 120 min of cooking and no change was observed thereafter (p<0.05). In addition, the amount of 2-pentanol (3,785.65) and 1-propanol (622.26), possibly produced by lipid oxidation, significantly decreased at the same cooking time (p<0.001). In the principal component analysis, only the 40 min cooking time was significantly different from other cooking time by high amounts of 1-propanol, 2-pentanol, and methyl isobutyrate. In conclusion, in the present study, the optimal cooking time for pork large intestines was 120 min in terms of off-odor reduction, cooking loss, and shear force.

Accuracy of cardiac output measurements during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: according to the vessel anastomosis sites

Sung Yong Park,Dae Hee Kim,Han Bum Joe,Ji Young Yoo,Jin Soo Kim,Min Kang,Yong Woo Hong 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.5

Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB. Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB.

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1)

Min A Kwak,Soo Jin Park,Sung Hwan Park,Young Joon Lee,Sae Kwang Ku 대한한의학회 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Reduction of Bacillus cereus Contamination in Biofilms on Stainless Steel Surfaces by Application of Sanitizers and Commercial Detergent

Lee, Min-Jeong,Ha, Ji-Hyoung,Kim, Yong-Su,Ryu, Jee-Hoon,Ha, Sang-Do The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.1

We established the effectiveness of a washing, detergent and sanitizer treatments for reducing Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) contamination in biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. A water treatment did not affect biofilms and chlorine treatments at 200 ppm for 10 min and 300 ppm for 5 min, iodophor at 200 ppm for 10 min, and QAC at 400 ppm for 10 min were used to eliminate all B. cereus cells. B. cereus cells after detergent treatment were eliminated by chlorine at 100 ppm for 10 min, 200 ppm for 5 min, and 300 ppm for 3 min, and with iodophor at 100 ppm for 10 min and 200 ppm for 10 min, and QAC at 400 ppm for 10 min.

Corrosion Behavior of Inconel X-750 for Carbon Anode Oxide Reduction Application

Jeon, Min Ku,Kim, Sung-Wook,Lee, Sang-Kwon,Choi, Eun-Young Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The corrosion behavior of the Inconel X-750 alloy was investigated for its potential application under a Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas flow in an Ar atmosphere. The corrosion rate was found to be negligible at temperatures up to 400℃ under a flow rate of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar, whereas an exponential increase was observed in the corrosion rate at temperatures greater than 500℃. The suppression of the corrosion reaction due to the presence of O₂ was verified experimentally at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ (4.96 g·m^-2·h^-1), 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ (2.02 g·m^-2 ·h^-1), and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ (1.34 g·m^-2·h^-1) under a constant Ar flow rate of 170 mL·min^-1 at 600℃ for 8 h. The surface morphology analysis results revealed that porous surfaces with tunnel-type holes were produced under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed-gas condition. Furthermore, the effects of the Cl₂ flow rate on the corrosion rate were investigated, indicating that its impact was negligible within the range of 5-30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ at 600℃.

Sustained-release praziquantel tablet : pharmacokinetics and the treatment of clonorchiasis in beagle dogs

Hong, Sung-Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Lee, Seung-Jin,Kho, Weon-Gyu,Lee, Mejeong,Li, Shunyu,Chung, Byung-Suk,Seo, Min,Choi, Min-Ho 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.12

Praziquantel is rapidly absorbed and secreted; and thus fractional doses are recommended for the treatment of cestode and trematode infections. In the present study, we developed a new praziquantel tablet formula allowing sustained-release (SRP). In vitro dissolution of SRP tablets showed that praziquantel at 300 ㎎/tablet combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dissolved completely at a constant rate over 10 h, whereas the conventional praziquantel tablet (PZQ) was only 40% dissolved. Pharmacokinetic studies in dogs confirmed that SRP was absorbed more slowly than PZQ. The mean value of the area under the concentration/time curve from 0 h to the final observation time, the maximum concentration in serum, and the time of maximum concentration in serum for SRP were 3.471.500 ng/min for 0.25 ㎖, 10,300 ng for 0.25 ㎖, and 192 min. while the values for PZQ were 688,600 ng/min for 0.25㎖, 2,500 ng for 0.25㎖, and 135 min. The cure rate in dogs with a heavy infection (500 metacercariae) treated with a single dose of SRP (150 ㎎/tablet) at 50 ㎎/㎏ was 80%, while in dogs treated with a single dose of SRP (300 ㎎/tablet) at 30 mg/kg it was 60%, and the cure rate with PZQ was 20%. In each case. the egg reduction rate was similar (over 90%). No abnormal liver functions or hepatic or renal pathologies were observed in dogs administered with SRP at 30 ㎎/㎏. The SRP tablet showed sustained release and slow absorption; and it had an improved anthelmintic efficacy against Clonorchis sinensis in experimental dogs. compared with conventional praziquantel.

Changes in cAMP Response and Testosterone to 17β-Estradiol to FSH in Isolated Rat Sertoli Cells-Age and Dose Related Differences

Cho, Sung Hoon,Lee, Byung Churl,Seong, Sang Min CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1986 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.14 No.1

The Seroli cell was identified as> the main primary target site for the action of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the testis. FSH has been known to bind specifically to Sertoli cell and to evoke a series of biochemical responses such as increased accumulation of cyclic AMP, production of androgen binding protein, and steroid metabolism. Recently age related changes in FSH stimulation of cAMP and aromatization of testosterone of 17β-estradiol were demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in cAMP and testosterone to 17β-estradiol aromatization responses of FSH with dose differences in isolated rat Sertoli cells of different age. Methods for preparation of rat Sertoli cells were adapted from those used to prepare rat Sertoli cells. Homogenous preparations of primary Sertoli cell cultures were obtained from the testis of the rat of different age: prepubertal (14 days old rat), pubertal (18 days old rat) and adult (60 days old rat). For cAMP determinations, cells were stimulated for 30 min at 37?C with different dose of FSH in media containing 0.1 mg/m]l l-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. cAMP assays were performed in duplicate using radioimmunoassay kit. FSH stimulated aromatization of testosterone of 17j3-estradiol was determined in cells stimulated with different dose of FSH in media containing 0.5 μmol/ml testosterone. 170-estradiol assays were performed in duplicate by means of specific radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows: 1. Sertoli cells from adult rats responded to FSH stimulation with over 30-fold rise at 5 min. At 30 min, cAMP is significantly lower and down to baseline level by 60 min. 2. There were age-related differences in Sertoli cell cAMP response after 30 min of FSH stimulation. Sertoli cells from pubertal rats responded most sensitively to FSH with a dose response relationship. 3. The heighest aromatase enzyme activity in converting testosterone to 17(3-estradiol was found in pubertal rat Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells from pubertal rats demonstrated a dose-response of FSH stimulation of testosterone to estradiol conversion. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the age and dose-related differences in rat Sertoli cell response to FSH, and also provide direct evidence that the Sertoli cells represent a primary target site for FSH activity in the testes.

COPA(cuffed oropharyngeal airway)를 이용한 마취 유도 시 근이완제 사용 유무에 따른 반응

김상태,배진호,김상범,임승운,민병상,신영덕 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.3

Background : COPA (cuffed oropharyngeal airway) is a convenient device for airway management in patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery in supine position. It causes less pharyngeal trauma than LMA(Laryngeal mask airway). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of COPA with and without muscle relaxant. Methods : Forty patients with ASA physical status I and II for elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and vecuronium (1.5 mg/kg) and was administered intravenously in Group I but not in Group II. Mask ventilation was done for 5 min with 0: 5 L/min. COPA was placed and heart rate, and systolic, mean, diastolic blood pressure and peak inspiratory pressure were measured at 1 min interval for 5 min. Anaesthesia was maintained with pro- pofol 150 ㎍/kg/min, fentanyl 1 ㎍/kg/hr, O_2 2 L/min and N_2O 2 L/min. Results : There were no significant differences between Group I and Group II in heart rate, systolic, mean and dstolic blood pressure. PIP (Peak inspiratory pressure) was increased and hiccups occurred significantly (p $lt; 0.05) in Group II. Complete airway obstruction occurred in one patient of Group I and severe coughing, body movements and gagging occurred during induction and insertion in Group II. conclusions : With the use of appropriate muscle relaxant, we can use COPA without increased inspiratory pressure or significant complication. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 399~403)

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1) - Single Oral Combination Treatment of Tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg within 5 min -

Kwak, Min A,Park, Soo Jin,Park, Sung Hwan,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang The Society of Korean Medicine 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.

Soymilk를 이용한 요구르트 제조 및 저장기간 동안의 품질변화에 관한 연구

신상민 ( Sang Min Shin ),송광영 ( Kwang Young Song ),서건호 ( Kun Ho Seo ),윤여창 ( Yoh Chang Yoon ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2012 한국유가공기술과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was performed for analyzing the general composition and the change in the quality of soymilk-derived yogurts manufactured by adding skim milk and whey powder to soymilk heat-treated at 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min, respectively. 1. During the storage of soymilk yogurt, the concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, and lactose slightly decreased, whereas viscosity, content of ash and NPN, and the number of lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged. 2. The pH and titratable acidity changed rapidly in all soymilk yogurts after 3 h of incubation. 3. We found 7.8×108 lactic acid bacteria in the control sample, 4.7×108 and 5.02×108 in soymilk yogurt with skim milk, respectively, and 5.9×108 and 5.5×108, respectively in soymilk yogurt with whey powder according to degree of heat treatment with 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min. 4. The viscosity of yogurt samples became lower as the heat treatment increased in temperature and in the length of time. 5. The value of sensory evaluation was relatively high in soymilk yogurt with the added skim milk, which was heat-treated 95℃/5 min; however, the value was significantly lower than that of the control sample. 6. Lactose, glucose, and galactose were detected in all samples because lactose is degraded into glucose and galactose within 3 h of inoculation.