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Mechanical Alloying에 의한 Ti_xCu_90-xAl_10(x=50,60)의 비정질화 및 열적성질
강종욱,김현구,김혜숙,이상열 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究 Vol.19 No.1
Amorphous powders of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) system were synthesized by mechanical alloying method under an argon atmosphere. The amorphization process of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders after milling by MA were studied by XRD, SEM and DSC experiments. We found that the best milling conditions of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders were a ball-to powder weight ratio of 15 : 1 and a revolving velocity of 250rev min^-1 in this experiment. XRD patterns of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders obtained by MA showed broad peaks as the increasing of milling times of the powders. So we confirmed the amorphization of the powders. The position of peak intensity 2θ(max.) of amorphous powders decreased nearly linearly with the increase of titanium concentration. Average particle size of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders were 20∼26㎛ from SEM micrograph. In the DSC experiment, crystallization temperature and peak temperature were observed to increase for the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders with increased titanium concentration. The activation energy of the Ti_50Cu_40Al_10 and Ti_60Cu_30Al_10 powders were 260.57 and 253.10KJ/mole, respectively. the crystallization fraction of the Ti_50Cu_40Al_10 and Ti_60Cu_30Al_10 powders were found to be 3.02% at 458℃ and 1.32% at 477.2℃.
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윤헌영,정순욱,박희명,박철,정만복,김준영,한현정,황민,노병국,박상혁,장하영,박정윤 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.1
A ten months old, female Yorkshire terrier weighing 2.88 kg referred to veterinary teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk University because of syncope, cough and dyspnea. First hematological and serum chemical test revealed thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and increase of concentration of ALP (195 U/L). On 57 days later, second hematological and serum chemical test revealed polycythemia, increase of concentration of ALP (211 U/L), and Tchol (387 mg/dl). Right atrium enlargement, main pulmonary artery bulge and cardiomegaly (VHS = 11.5) were observed in radiographic findings. Ultrasonographic images showed both right and left ventricular dilation and turbulent flow between the descending aorta and the main pulmonary artery in color Doppler imaging. ECG showed left ventricular enlargement, SA block, and electrical alternant. Thoracotomy was performed through left fourth intercostal incision under isoflurane anesthesia. Patent ductus arteriosus was double ligated with 1-0 silk. Cough and dyspnea disappeared on 5 days after operation. Turbulent flow was not found in color doppler imaging of ultrasonography on 10 days after operation. Ten months later after the operation, syncope could not exist any more.
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홍성길,강봉주,김윤진,강상모,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 1999 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.5 No.1
Free radicals are though to be the most important cause of the reperfusion injury subsequent to ischemia. The antioxidant status of the tissue affected by ischemia-reperfusion is of great importance for the primary endogenous defense against the free radical induced injury. Therefore, antioxidant therapy has been shown to be beneficial in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia. In this study, the protective effects of Chungpesagan-tang(CST) was investigated against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-MC neuronal cells it was found out that low concentration of CST we highly effective in protecting neuronal cells against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of CST on malondialdehyde formation during ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in SK-N-MC cells showed obvious dose-dependent responses. Also, CST showed relatively high inhibitory activity to xanthine oxidase induced by ischemia/reperfusion environment. Therefore, it is thought that CST has both antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect and can be used for clinical applications for protection of neuronal cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Caffeine이 지구성 운동 수행능력에 미치는 영향과 억제성 아미노산에 의하여 활성화되는 이온통로의 조절작용
김은경,김영표,천병옥,이계영,김연정,임백빈,조영욱,김창주,김성수 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1
To investigate the effect and mechanism of caffeine on endurance exercise, two experiments were performed. First, to test caffeine effect on aerobic exercise, 200-300g Sprague-Dawley rats were used and three groups, control group, low caffeine injection group and high caffeine injection group, were divided. Blood smpling by heart puncture were done at rest, after 30 min treadmill exercise, and after maximal exercise. Blood glucose, free fatty acid concentration were detected and following results were obtained. Glucose concentration showed significant difference between groups(p=0.0305) and also significant changes were exhibited between time(p=0.0004). Free fatty acid concentration had no difference between groups. but had significance between times(p=0.00065). Exercise endurance performance time showed significant difference(p=0.02350 in high caffeine injection group compared to control group. In this experiments, endurance exercise capacity was increased by caffeine injection. Therefore, second experiment was performed to investigate the effect of caffeine on ion current induced inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. GABA and glycine. Single periaqueductal gray neuron was acutely dissociated and nystatin perforated patch clamp was performed under voltage clamping condition. Caffeine evoked outward current in PAG neuron dose dependent manner. 1mM of caffeine application had no response. but 3mM caffeine evoked about 32.5±8.539pA outward ion current and 10mM caffeine evoked about 215.46±19.4pA outward current. 10^-2mM GABA activated Cl￣current and recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM of caffeine had no effect on 1-^-2mM of GABA response. but 10^-1mM caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current about 5.74±2.13%, 1mM caffeine inhibited about 17.25±2.70%, 10mM caffeine inhibited GABA response about 45.31±7.71%. 10^-1mM of glycine activated Cl￣ current and also recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited glycine activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM caffeine decreased glycine activated Cl￣ current about 4.61±1.650%, 10^-1mM caffeine decreased about 6.49±2.24%, 1mM caffeine decreased about 26.82±4.27%, and 10mM caffeine decreased glycine response about 94.47±1.39%. These results suggest that caffeine inhibite inhibitory amino acid, GABA and glycine, this response causes excitation of CNS and this seems to be the basic mechanism of increasing effect to aerobic exercise performance by caffeine.
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( Sang Sup Shin ),( Hyun Wuk Kim ),( Young Kwan Park ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2012 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.10 No.-
본 연구는 대전광역시 유성구 무수동에 위치한 권이진의 별업 ‘하거원 원림’의 물리적, 의미론적 복원을 위한 기초연구로서, 원림계획 과정을 살펴보고, 어떻게 상징적 가치를 생산했으며, 자연소재들을 원림속에 반영시킨 방법을 파악코자 하였는바, 전통정원조성기법에 대한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째. 하거원 원림의 조성은 3단계를 거쳐 완성하게 되는데, 1단계는 1707∼1708년 사이로 시묘와 유회당 별업을 신축한 때이다. 2단계는 1713년과 1719년에 납오지를 조성하고 「반환원기」를 기술하였으며 삼근정사와 유회당을 재축한 시기이다. 3단계는 1725년 권이진이 경상도 관찰사를 그만두고 낙향하여 하거원을 크게 확충하고, 1727년 「하거원기」를 작성한 원림 완성기이다. 둘째, 하거원은 3개 공간영역으로 구분되는데, 제1영역은 유회당을 중심으로 납오지, 고수대, 오덕대, 도경까지의 유회당 내원 권역(추모와 가학의 전승을 위한 거점영역)이고, 제2영역은 도경에서 8∼9계단을 올라가 조성된 장우담, 요천대, 동쪽의 수만헌과 활수담, 수미폭포로 구성된 별업공간(성리학적 가치와 은일을 위한 수심양성의 장)이다. 그리고 제3영역은 하거원의 동쪽 외원 권역으로 배경대, 몽정, 운와, 축경식 가산으로 구성(선경세계의 이상향을 대입시킨 향유영역)된다. 셋째, 하거원에 도입된 식물은 소나무, 단풍나무, 철쭉, 두견, 홍도, 감나무, 대나무, 버드나무, 석류, 사계화, 산당화, 왜철쭉, 복숭아, 연꽃, 국화, 작약, 모란 등 17종으로, 배식계획의 특징은 시정(詩情)을 통한 낭만성(시간, 촉각, 시각, 음영. 심상 등의 총체적 여흥), 의인화을 통한 상징적 의미와 삶의 이상향을 표출, 사계절(봄과 가을)경색의 고려 등을 들 수 있다. 넷째, 석물은 자연 암석을 그대로 이용하는 기법, 수경요소(활수담, 수미폭포)와 연계시키는 기법, 그리고 석연지와 화계를 이용한 점경물 기법이 활용되었으며, 특히, 상징적 의미경관의 진수를 보여주는 축경식 석가산 기법은 시정을 통한 의경의 극대화, 상고주의를 통한 호문성과 삶의 동질화, 바위, 물, 수목의 절제된 작위행위를 통한 자연 경관의 향유문화 등을 특징으로 추출할 수 있다. 다섯째, 수체계의 특징은 자연계류와 지형조건(동쪽계곡)을 고려한 물의 도입, 3개 공간을 리듬감 있게 연계해주는 기능적 역할(몽정-활수담-수미폭포), 활수담, 몽정, 호수와 복수 등 철학적 의미경관의 대입, 물성을 이용한 청각과 시각(무지개, 물거품 등)등 오감의 일시적 체험 등을 들 수 있다. This study is basic research for physical, semantic recovering of Hageowon garden (by Gwon Yijin 權以鎭) in musu-dong, yuseong-gu, Daejeon. In order to understand how to generate symbolic value and how to reflect natural materials in the garden, this study examines the process of garden planning. The study on the Traditional Landscape Architecture Plan of Hageowon Garden are as follows. First, Creating Hageowon garden was completed through 3 steps. 1 step had implemented between 1707∼1708 when paternity tomb and Byulup, Yuhoidang were newly constructed. When 2 step(1713∼1719), Naboji(納汚池, in 1713) was created, <Banhwonwongi(盤桓園記)> was written, Samgeunjeongsa(三近精舍, in 1707) & Yuhoidang(有懷堂) were rebuilt. 3 step was period of garden completing when Gwon Yijin after resigning a governor to retire to the country. He expanded Hageowon and wrote <Hageowongi(何去園記)> in 1727. Second, Hageowonis devided as 3 sections. The 1 section(to cherish and transmit maltreatment) is inner garden around Yuhoidang reaching to the Naboji(納汚池, in 1713), Gosudae(孤秀臺), Odeokdae(五德臺), Dokyung(桃徑). The 2 section is Byulup garden(別業園林) composed with Jangwoodam(丈藕潭, going up 8 to 9 stairs from Dokyung),Yocheondae(繞千臺), Sumanheon(收漫軒), Hwalsudam(活水潭) and Sumi Waterfall(修眉瀑布) on the east. The 3 sectionis east outer area of Hageowon garden consisting of Baegyeongdae(拜景臺), Mongjeong, Unwa (雲臥), Artificial mountain(enjoyment area that substitute to utopia in fairyland). Third, there are 17 species plants including pine, maple, azalea, royal azalea, peach tree, persimmon tree, pomegranate, four seasons flowers, Japanese azalea, peach, lotus, chrysanthemum, peony root, peony etc. introduced in Hageowon. Fourth, methods using nature rocks as it is, linking water culture factor(Hwalsudam, Sumi Waterfall) and applying Seokyeonji and flower beds are used for stone figures. Especially, the methods of Chukgyeongwon(縮景園), the artificial hill(石假山) are characterized as poetic landscape with ancient literature. Fifth, Characteristics of water system is to experience five senses such as introducing water considering nature mooring and geographical features(valley on the east), functional roles to link three sections(Mongjeong<夢井>-Hwalsudam-Sumi Waterfall) with a sense of rhythm, the methods of substitution to connect Hwalsudam, Mongjung, pond with philosophical meanings, temporary experience five senses by using sense of sight, hearing (rainbow, bubble etc).
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