Gear의 强度設計에 關하여

成煥泰 慶熙大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Under machine elements. Gears are the most important element of power transmission. The more requisite of machinery heavy-loading, high speed, lightweight increased, which gears demand severe operating conditions. Gear design set a subject the most important of machine design, and connected with vibration, noise and environment matters, efficiency elevation of gears equipment was treated. The representative Gear strength formulas are AGMA formula of America, B.S. formula of England, DIN formula of Germary, JSME formula of Japan etc. In this paper introduces gear strength formula of each state, which compared and examined.

한국 재래산양의 위장관에 분포하는 내분비세포의 면역조직화학적 연구

조성환,김무강,류시윤,허민도 대한해부학회 1992 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.25 No.1

연령증가에 따른 지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300 요소의 변화

한상익,전양환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 정상인에서 연령증가에 따른 지형학적 청각관련전위 P300요소들의 변화를 알아보고자 함이다. 방 법 : 피험자는 85명(연령분포 : 18∼68세)으로 모두 오른손잡이였으며 교육수준은 최소한 12년 이상의 학력자로 하였다. 이들은 뇌기능에 영향을 미칠수 있는 내외과적 질병의 기왕력이 없었고 검사시점에서 어떠한 신체질환이나 정신질환이 없었다. 지형학적 청각사건관련전위 P300은 'oddball paradigm'으로 기록되었고 P300요소로서 잠복기, 전위, 최대전위의 X-Y좌표 등이 전산화된 기기에 의해 분석되었다. P300 잠복기는 global field power measurement(GFPM)와 고전적 방법에 의해 결정하였다. 결 과 : GFPM의 방법에서, 잠복기는 일년에 1msec씩 증가(잠복기=299.9+1×나이)하였다. 최대 전위의 X 좌표는 일년에 0.018씩 좌측편위(X=3.6-0.018×나이)를 보였고 Y좌표는 0.017씩 전방편위(Y=2.15+0.017×나이)를 보였다. 고전적 방법에서 잠복기는 일년에 0.81msec씩 증가(잠복기=304.76+0.82×나이)하였다. 최대전위의 X좌표는 일년에 0.011씩 좌측편위(X=3.35+0.011×나이)를 보였고 Y좌표는 0.025씩 전방편위(Y=1.86+0.025×나이)를 보였다. 전위는 두 방법 모두에서 변화가 없었다. 결 론 : 이 결과들은 P300의 잠복기와 연령증가 간에 강력한 양의 상관관계를 보이고 있고 최대전위 전극위치의 약간의 좌측 전방편위를 보이고 있다. 이 소견들이 시사하는 바는 P300에 의해 표현된 정신 생리기능이 연령증가 과정에서 감소하고 있으며, 정상대조군의 자료가 연구 및 임상적용에 필수적임을 의미한다. Objects : This study was to examine the changes of components of topographic auditory event related potential P300 in normal aging process. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 85(range of age ; 18-68), who were right handed and had education level at least over 12 years. They had no history of medico-surgical and psychiatric illness which could cause brain dysfunction, and had not any physical and mental illness on examination. The topographic auditory event related P300 was recorded in oddball paradigm and the components of P300 including latency, amplitude, and location of maximum amplitude in X-Y cordinates were analyzed by computerized EP mapping system. The latency of P300 was determined by both Global Field Power Measurement and classic method. Results : In global field power measurement, the latency has been increased about by 1m sec per year(latency=299.9+1×AGE). The location of maximum amplitude in X coordinate was moved by 0.018 per year toward left side(X=3.6-0.018×AGE) and in Y coordinate by 0.017 toward frontal direction(Y=2.15+0.017×AGE). In classic method, the latency has been increased about by 0.82m sec per year(latency=304.76+0.82×AGE). The location of maximum amplitude in X coordinate was moved by 0.011 per year toward left side(X=3.35-0.011×AGE) and in Y coordinate by 0.025 toward frontal direction(Y=1.86+0.025×AGE). The amplitudes were not changed in both methods. Conclusion : The results showed strong positive correlation between latency of P300 and aging process, and slight left frontal displacement of the location of maximum amplitude. These findings implicate that psychophysiological function expressed by P300 was declined in aging process and database of normal controls should be necessary for both research and clinical application.

莞島近海의 海洋環境에 관한 硏究

曺炷煥,金成根 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 自然科學硏究 Vol.17 No.1

The results from investigation for the physical, chemical and biological marine environments during the period from February 1989 to November 1990 in the Wando coastal areas are as follows: 1. The water temperature appeared high in proportion to a amount of diural sun rays and air temperature. 2. The salinity appeared differently every season by a amount of precipitation. 3. The distribution of pH was settled, and the degree of acidity apperared relatively high in the area where the river waters flows. 4. The dissolved oxygen was low in summer season, but high in winter. 5. The distribution of the chemical oxygen demand was distributed irregularly every season. 6. The suspended materials appeared remarkably high on St.1 in 1990. 7. The concentration of the phosphate-phosphorous is higher in river waters than in sea waters, and the phosphate-phosphorous in sea waters was mostly flowed from lands. 8. The concentration of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen appeared high in autumn when nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen is more concentrated. 9. The relative relationship between phosphate-phosphorous and dissolved inorganic nitrogen appeared higher comparatively in 1990 than in 1989. After all. our investigation suggests that the physical, chemical character brings about an abnormal variation of the marine ecosystem, and obstructs the birth and breeding of the submarine livings. Therefore, we must draw up divers shemes for the preservation of the quality of coast water, and concentrate our efforts on doing away with factors of all marine pollution which spread rapidly in proportion to the industrial development.

정신분열증 환자에서 지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300의 생물학적 표시자로서 임상적 의의

전양환,한상익,방승규 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적: 저자들은 정신분열증 환자에서 지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300의 소견이 생물학적 표시자로서 의의가 있는 지를 알아 보고, 이를 임상적으로 상태표시자 또는 성향표시자로서 사용할 수 있는 지에 대하여 조사하였다. 방 법: 대상은 정신분열증 환자군 30명(남자=12명, 여자=18명 ; 나이 30.2±9.9세)과 정상 대조군 30명(남자=12명, 여자=18명 ; 나이 33.5±7.6세)으로 연구하였다. 정신분열증 환자군은 입원후 1주 이내에 첫 검사를 한 초기군과 4주 후 추적검사를 한 추적기군으로 나누었다. 지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300과 N100은 표준화된 방법인 "oddball paradigm"으로 검사하였으며, 각 검사 시점에 양성 및 음성 증상 평가척도(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)를 사용하여 양성증상, 음성증상, 일반정신병리, 그리고 전체증상 등으로 나누어 임상증상을 평가하였고, 환자군의 초기와 추적기의 변화는 P300과 PANSS의 원점수를 Z 변환으로 표준화하여 사용하였다. 결 과: P300 잠복기는 대조군 315.8±24.2msec, 초기군 403.8±42.3msec, 추적기군 364.7±43.2msec로서, 각 군간의 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.01), N100잠복기, 나이, CCP(correct counted percent) 등을 공변인으로 공분산분석후에도 이러한 차이는 여전히 유의하였다(p<0.01). P300 전위값은 대조군 8.8±2.7μV, 초기군 4.4±1.9μV, 추적기군 4.4±2.5μV로서, 대조군과 초기군, 대조군과 추적기군 간의 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.01), 초기군과 추적기군간의 차이는 없었으며, N100 전위값, 나이, CCP 등을 공변인으로 공분산분석후에도 이러한 차이는 여전히 유의하였다(p<0.01). 정신분열증의 양성증상, 음성증상, 일반정신병리, 전체증상 등은 초기군에 비해 추적기군에서 유의하게 호전되었다.(p<0.01). 임상증상이 호전되면서 P300 잠복기는 감소하였으나, P300 전위값은 변화가 있었다. 결 론: P300은 정신분열증 환자에서 정상인과 다른 양상을 보이고 있었으며, 이러한 소견은 외부자극에 의한 영향을 배제한 뒤에도 나타났다. 정신분열증 환자에서 임상증상이 호전됨에 따라 P300 잠복기는 감소하였으나, P300 전위값은 변화가 없었으며, 이는 P300 잠복기가 정신분열증의 상태표시자이고 P300 전위값은 정신분열증의 성향표시자임을 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. This study was designed to investigate the clinical availability of topographic auditory event related potential P300 as a biological marker in patents with schizophrenia. The subjects were composed of normal controls(N=30) and patients(N=30) with schizophrenia by DSM-IV. Topographic auditory event related potential P300 and N100 were measured by "oddball paradigm", which was known as a standard method. Schizophrenics were evaluated twice, initial and follow-up, by 4 week interval. P300 latency and N100 latency were determined by Global Field Power. At this time point the maximum amplitude and its location, according to X-Y coordinates, were determined in brain topography. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS). P300 latencies of normal controls, initial group of schizophrenics, and follow-up group of schizophrenics were 315.8±24.2msec, 403.8±42.3msec, and 364.7±43.2msec, respectively. P300 amplitudes of normal controls, initial group of schizophrenics, and follow-up group of schizophrenics were 8.8±2.7μV, 4.4±I.9μV, and 4.4±2.5μV, respectively. They had significantly different P300 latencies one another by measuring ANCOVA, of which covariables were N100 latency, age, and CCP(correct counted percent)(p〈0.01). X-Y coordinates was not significant. In P300, there were some different characters between normal controls and schizophrenics even though excluding N100, which was supposed to be exogeneous component by external stimuli. When clinical symptoms were improved, P300 latency was decreased. However, P300 amplitude was not changed. These results suggest that P300 woald be available clinically as biological marker, P300 latency be a state marker, and P300 amplitude be a trait marker in schizophrenia.

국내 병원의 환경적합적 병원마케팅 연구

박성환,손진혁 聖潔大學校 社會科學硏究所 1999 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

ABSTRACT This Study has proposed marketing strategy of Korean hospital. 1. The general and common strategies needed by hospital in the field of management are to elevate the management efficiency by introducing the re-engineering to be adapted to the environmental change. 2. The medium and small hospitals shall be professionalized by the management strategy of professionalizing the functions based on the medical demand. 3. Marketing strategies are required to set up reliability and competitive power by satisfying the desire of the patients. 4. Successful hospital management need to construct patient-focused care system, improve hospital organization, and re-strategize patient-oriented hospital management.

대학생들의 여가 활동에 관한 실증적 연구

조성달,김민환 청주대학교 교육문제연구소 1996 교육과학연구 Vol.10 No.1

지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300 요소들의 결정방법

한상익,전양환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구는 지형학적 청각사건관계전위 P300 요소들을 결정하는 방법들을 비교하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 44명의 정상인과 DSM-Ⅳ에 근거한 44명의 정신분열증 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 지형학적 청각사건관련전위 P300은 oddball paradigm으로 기록하였다. 잠복기, 전위, 그리고 X-Y 좌표에 따른 최대전위 위치 등을 포함한 P300요소들은 전산화된 Brain Mapping기기를 사용하였다. P300 잠복기는 global field power measurement와 고전적 방법으로 결정하였다. 결 과 : 잠복기(DF=1, F=35.28, P=0.0001)와 전위(DF=1, F=36.62, P=0.0001)에서 두 군간에 차이가 있었으나, X 좌표(DF=1, F=0.37, P=0.55)와 Y 좌표(DF=1, F=2.00, P=0.16)에서는 차이가 없었다. 잠복기(DF=1, F=0.04, P=0.85), 전위(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), X 좌표(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), Y 좌표(DF=1, F=0.03, P=0.86)에서 두 방법간에 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 이 결과는 지형학적 청각사건관계전위 P300의 요소들을 결정하는 두 방법이 현재까지는 연구 및 임상 적용에 유용함을 시사한다. Objects : This study was designed to make a comparison between methods to determine the components of topographic auditory event related potential P300. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 44 normal controls and 44 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ. The topographic auditory event related P300 was recorded in oddball paradigm. The components of P300, including latency, amplitude, and location of maximum amplitude in X-Y coordinates, were analyzed by computerized EP mapping system. The latency of P300 was determined by both global field power measurement and classic method. Results : There was difference between two groups in latency(DF=1, F=35.28, P=0.0001)and amplitude(DF=1, F=36.62, P=0.0001), but not in X coordinate(DF=1, F=0.37, P=0.55) and Y coordinate(DF=1, F=2.00, P=0.16). There was no difference between two methods in latency(DF=1, F=0.04, P=0.85), in amplitude(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), in X coordinate(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), and in Y coordinate(DF=1, F=0.03, P=0.86). Conclusion : The results suggested that two methods to determine the components of topographic auditory event related potential P300 should be available for both research and clinical application to date.

企業의 經歷管理에 관한 硏究

박성환 聖潔敎神學大學校 社會科學硏究所 1998 社會科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

AbstractThis study focused on the function of the career management, or the process of career management for the company.In the stage of planning, employees should set the career process, crystallizing the completion of the above mentioned, a company should support the backing of career plan, the career counselling, and the setting of career process.In the stage of career development, a company should help the career development and advancement for the employees to enhance their careers through the placement and transfer, the education training, and promotion.In the stage of career control, a company should do the career evaluation and feedback its result to the employees. To complete these processes of career management, the building up the databases, the establishment of promotion path and qualification system, and the evaluation of result and potentiality should be well supported.

남자 중학생의 24시간 에너지 소비량에 관한 연구

이상건,김세환 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1997 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.21

This is study was to provide the basic data for improving the health problems following life style change of teenagers. I examined the life time and energy of 18 middle school students on the third grade according to the measurement of oxygen intake and heart rate for 24hors with dividing them into group : attending-to-school-by-bus group (belows B-group), on-foot group (F-group), by-car group (A-group), and by-bicycle group (C-group). the results were as follows : 1) Energy expenditure for one day of B-group was 2443㎉, that of F-group was 2597㎉, that of A-group was 2282㎉, that of C-group was 2860㎉ and so, 2546㎉ as average. 2) Energy expenditure per weight of B-group was 39.6㎉, that of F-group was 42.7㎉, that of A-group 34.6㎉, that of C-group was 51.5㎉ and so, 42.1㎉ as average. 3) Energy expenditure per minute for each kind of activity was P < 0.003 only when going to school and differed from group to group. 4) Heart rate for one day of B-group was 83.8beats/m, that of F-group was 75.3beats/m, that of A-group was 82.2beats/m, that of C-group was 81.9beats/m, and so, 80.0beats/m as average. 5) Heart rate for each kind of activity was P < 0.001 only when going to school and differed from group to group. 6) Time for each kind of activity did not differ from group to group and the middle school students on the third group has similar life patterns. 7) Energy expenditure for each kind of activity differed from group to group only when going to school (P < 0.005) and coming back home(P < 0.05). 8) It was the studying time at home and also in school that mostly effected on the energy expenditure for one day of the middle school students and related as 49% of the whole. This study examined only energy expenditure and so, in other to collect the data for improving the health problems, it needs to examine the energy intake and much more objects.