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실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교
황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.
심한 척추변형(측만증 및 후만증)에 대한 척추 후방 절제술
석세일,김진혁,이상민,정의룡,이정희,김성수,정락용 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.1S
■ Purpose To report a technique of vertebral column resection through a single posterior approach and its first results in the treatment of severe spinal deformities. ■ Methods and materials Seventy spinal deformity patients treated by posterior vertebral column resection(PVCR) were reviewed. Minimum follow up was 2 years (2 - 3.3 years). There were 34 males and 36 females with a mean age of 27.4 years at the time of the operation. Etiologic diagnoses were adult scoliosis in 7, congenital kyphoscoliosis in 38, and post-infectious kyphosis in 25. The surgery consisted of temporary stabilization of the vertebral column with segmental pedicle screw fixation, resection of the vertebral column at the apex of the deformity via the posterior route followed by gradual deformity correction and global fusion. ■ Results The total number of resected vertebrae were 143; 76 in thoracic and 67 in lumbar. Mean operation time was 4 hours 31 minutes with average blood loss of 2333 ml. The deformity correction was 40o in the coronal plane and 5Oo in the sagiotal plane. Complications were encountered in 24 patients: 2 complete cord injuries in severe adult scoliosis and thoracic kyphosis patient who had significant preoperative cord compromise, 6 hematomas, 4 root injuries (all incomplete), 5 fixation failures, 2 infections and 5 hemopneumothoraxes. ■ Conclusions PVCR is an effective alternative for severe fixed spinal deformities. However, extreme caution must be taken in the patients with preoperative cord compromise who are the high risk of neurological complications.
성영호,이석영,노덕선,권지윤 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.7 No.1
An attempt of indicating al perspective for the systematic arrangement of studies on sports and politics was made examining the contents and method of preceding studies conies concerned. Main results are as follow; 1. The concrete domains of the study on sports and politics are classified into such five categories as sports policy sports and political ideology, political functions of sports, sports and social regime, and sports international relations. After indicating the problems to be solved in terms of the systematic arrangement of the studies in each category, they are mutually related and a guideline for the systematization of studies on sports and politics is presented. 2. Politics can basically be understood as policy which has a certain logical relation with public interests and power, for the analysis of mutual relation between sports and politics standing on the basic of policy it is inevitable to clarify the meaning of in fluence relation and function Especially logical improvement of the method of functional analysis is indispensable.
Earnings Management and CEO Turnover in Korean Credit Unions
Sang-Choon Park(박상춘),Wan Suk Ko(고완석),Yong-Sik Hong(홍용식) 한국국제회계학회 2018 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.79
본 연구는 신용협동조합(신협)이 대손충당금설정액의 재량적 조정에 의하여 이익조정을 행하고 있는가를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구는 신협의 특유한 측면을 살펴 검증하였다. 먼저, 신용협동조합의 설립기반인 조합원의 특별한 관계, 즉 공동유대(지역․단체․직장)와 관련하여, 본 연구는 공동유대 유형에 따라 이익조정이 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 다음, 신용협동조합의 최고경영진 및 그 임기 횟수는 매 4년마다 조합원 직접선거에 의해 결정되므로, 이러한 선거가 이익조정 유인에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검증하였다. 본 연구의 연구방법으로 금융회사의 이익조정관련 선행연구에서 많이 쓰이는 개별발생액접근법을 이용하였는데, 경영자의 재량성이 큰 기말대손충당금설정액(대손상각비)을 종속변수로, 비재량적이익을 주요 설명변수로 두고, 대손충당금을 조정하여 이익조정하는지 여부를 검증하였다. 분석을 위한 표본은 2015년 말 정상 영업 중인 지역조합 및 단체조합을 대상으로 2006년부터 2015년까지 10년 동안 7,445개 신협-연도 자료를 이용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 신용협동조합의 경영자들은 재량성이 큰 대손상각비를 이용하여 이익조정을 행하고 있음이 발견되었는데, 이사장은 초임기간(4년) 중 다음 선거를 의식하여 연임 기간(4년)에 비해, 그리고 초임기간 중 마지막 연도는 초임 또는 연임기간의 다른 연도에 비해, 이익조정을 더 크게 하는 것으로 검증되었다. 그리고 지역조합이 단체조합보다 이익조정을 더 활발하게 행하는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 신협 경영자의 이익조정의 증거를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 다음의 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 금융당국은 경영자의 이익조정 재량권을 축소하기 위해 자산건전성 분류기준 및 회수예상가액 산정기준을 보다 명확하고 객관화하여 개선하여야 한다. 아울러 조합의 규모나 공동유대 특성 등을 고려한 차등 감독도 시행할 필요가 있다. This study empirically tests whether and how CEOs of credit unions manage their reported earnings through management of allowance for bad debts (ABD) by examining distinct features of credit unions. With regard to the common ties of their members on which the unions are established, it tests whether credit unions’ earnings management differs by type of establishment ties. Then, because the CEOs of unions and their number of terms of office are determined by the direct election by their members, the study examines how earnings management is affected by the existence of the election. The study uses a specific accruals approach widely used in the literature on earnings management of financial companies. It uses bad debt expense (BDE), a major discretionary item, as the dependent variable and non-discretionary earnings as a primary explanatory variable to test the hypotheses. The sample comprises 7,445 Korean credit union firm-years spanning 2006 to 2015. The empirical results revealed that credit unions manage their reported earnings by using BDE, especially more in the first office term of their CEOs than in the consecutive term, and in the last year of the first term, and that earnings were more actively managed in regional unions than in association ones. This study provides policy implications. Financial supervisory authorities should improve the objectivity and clarity of asset soundness criteria, and provide better and objective estimation methods for expected loan recovery so as to minimize CEOs’ discretion in earnings management. They should also provide differential supervision for credit unions depending on their types of common ties and size.
石尙祐,林廣洙,李炅武 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-
In this research, we have developed a new navigation scheme using computer vision technology. A line feature tacking-based scheme is developed in which the orientation of the line features on the ceiling are detected in the input image, and used for guiding the direction of motion of a robot. In order to detect line information robustly, preprocessing steps such as lens calibration, noise cancelling, feature enhancement are employed. An also, to enhance the accuracy and the speed, we employed Intel IPL(Image Processing Library) for the implementation. The developed vision-based navigation system is quite reliable so that it can be used in a variety of natural circumstances, for example, home, office, factory, and so on. The performance of the developed system has been tested in many real environments, and shows excellent results in both accuracy and speed.
DS/SS 통신에서 매크로 정의를 이용한 고정비트율 제어
석경휴,나상동 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.1
본 논문은 신경망을 이용한 간섭 신호 제어로써 복합 다층 퍼셉트론에서 DS/SS 이동 통신에서의 수신된 신호들을 역전파 학습알고리즘을 이용하여 검출하는 것에 대하여 연구한다. 수신 신호를 일정한 비트율을 갖는 채널에 전송하기 위하여 신경망을 이용한 새로운 고정 비트율 제어 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 고정 비트율 제어기는 3층 구조의 완전 연결된 신경망으로 구성되면, 16개의 입력 노드와 6개의 은닉 노드, 그리고 3개의 출력 노드를 갖는다. 가변 출력 비트율과 처리되는 신호 사이의 관계를 학습하기 위하여 Back Propagation 알고리즘을 이용하여 고정 비트율 제어를 위한 학습 데이터는 비트 분포뿐만 아니라 부호화기에서 비트 발생률에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 인자로 구성하였다. 제안된 고정 비트율 제어기의 성능 평가를 위하여 BPP, PSNR, 양자화 매개 변수의 분포 등을 측정하였으며, 비교 결과, 음질이나 대역 이용율 측면에서 신경망을 이용한 제어기법이 Matched Filter를 사요한 수신기 보다 더 좋아짐을 알 수 있고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 동일 채널 간섭과 협대역 간섭의 실제 톤(Tone)에서 기존에 쓰여진 Matched Filter을 사용한 수신기보다 더 낮은 비트 오차 확률을 갖음을 연구한다.
석경휴,송선희,나상동 朝鮮大學校 電子情報通信硏究所 2003 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.2
인터넷 환경에서 대표적인 전송 프로토콜인 TCP는 유선 통신 및 컴퓨팅 환경에서 많이 보급되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 TCP 환경에서 TDM 방식을 적용한 회선 교환 방식의 WLAN 네트워크에서 라우팅, 파장 할당 및 시간슬롯할당의 문제를, 동적으로 경로를 설정하기 위한 분산 제어 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 분산 제어 프로토콜에서는 블록킹 확률을 줄일 수 있도록 후방 예약 방식을 사용하였다. 예약 실패를 최소화하기 위해 여러 채널을 예약하는 진취적 예방 방법과 단지 하나의 채널을 예약하는 보수적 예약방법을 적용하여 두 개의 방법을 시뮬레이션을 통해 비교하였다. 제안된 분산 제어 프로토콜의 사용은 파장 하나의 대역폭을 다 사용하지 않을 경우 W-TCP 방법보다 W-TCP/TDM 방법이 더 성능이 개선됨을 보여준다.
구강점막 부착용 케토프로펜 고분자 필름의 제조 및 평가
박진석,이상은,강봉석,이경록,이은주,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-
Abstract – The objective of this study was to prepare ketoprofen-loaded buccal adhesive patch. The adhesive patch was formulated by casting method using aqueous soluble polymer povidone K17 (PVP 17PF) as film-forming agent and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as adhesive agent. To compare the effect of HPMC type, different molecular weight of K4M and K15M HPMC was used. The physicochemical properties of patches such as appearance, thickness, in vitro release, and adhesiveness were investigated. The concentration of ketoprofen was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 233 nm. The appearance of prepared patches was semi-transparent, light-yellow or almost colorless, and odorless. Thickness of each patches (n=6) was 0.895 ± 0.033 mm for K4M patch and 0.727 ± 0.036 mm for K15M patch. In vitro release test, both K4M and K15M patches showed over 20% release within 30 min. At 120 min, K4M and K15M patches demonstrated 95% and 67.5% release of ketoprofen, respectively, and up to 240 min, both patches released drug completely. Maximum adhesive force of K4M and K15M patches was 6.571 ± 2.703 gf and 2.735 ± 1.151 gf, respectively. Moreover, it took 28.29 ± 0.38 sec and 28.30 ± 0.34 sec for K4M and K15M patch to peel off them after adhesion, showing no significant difference. In conclusion, thickness, in vitro release, and maximum adhesive force could be modulated by alteration of polymer types.