1930年代 文學社會學的 背景硏究

申相星 龍仁大學校 1987 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The 1930's in the history of Korean modern literature have been recognized as a particular period with various problems and issues. The 1930's, under the Japanese ruling had also been characterized as a time of tidal changes both politically and socially. To get closer to the literature of that time, it would be helpful to understand how a particular group of writers with intellect could survive One of the reasons of this is that most of the writers and their works that explain the actual social environment of the Age of Subordination had sprouted during the 1930's. Some of the writers of this period who are concerned most frequently by many experts of history of literature and critics, are Yhum Sang- Shup, Chae Man- Shik, and Kim Nam-chun. It is interesting to know that their masterpieces, like "Sam Dae' which means three generations," Tae pyung Chun Ha' which means peaceful arid prosperous society, and "Dae Ha" which means great stream all had published in the 1930's, The primary incentives that greatly influenced doing these great works came mostly from the unique social demand of that time. First, the social background of that period should be accounted. The 1930's had produced many big social changes, including the problem of subordination in Korea, on all parts of the world, The several examples of these are the success of the communist revolution in Russia at the end of World War II, the establishment of German Nazi government in 1933, and the birth of Fascism followed in Italy. Around this time, Fascist's dictatorship prevailed all over the European countries ; Mao Tse-Tung had formed the Chinese- Soviet Democratic Government in 1931, and the Japanese military fascists had provoked the Man Choorean Invasion during the same year. This inhumane fascism, which pervaded in most parts of the world including Asia, had directly influenced Japan to make Korea her battle- ground and totally destructed her. Most of the writers with intellect who had to protect their country, and people had shown two kinds of extremes, One of them was holding their hands with Japanese power, and the other was against her dictatorship and gladly taking a risk of imprisonment, and their morality towards society was judged according to their choice. Not many writers could survive form the unusual pressures by Japan, and one of them was Yhum Sang- Shup, Other writers in this category include Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun. Some of the big social issues of this period were: 1. The Japanese Headquarters in Korean Penninsular organized special senior task forces in the military police troops, and senior task frocks in civil service police unit. 2. Most portions of Korean daily language had forcibly been replaced by Japanese. 3. Functions of Cho Shun Bank and the Dong Yang Development Inc, were strengthened. 4. Some of the journals such as " Dong Ah" and "Cho Shun" were stopped to be pulished. Second the historical background from which literature had brew developed is another point to be reviewed. Japan had put more pressure to make Korean culture and literature powerless because national spirit and desire for innovation could be added by these two domains. The transitions in literature of this period can be described in two mainstreams, One was growing of escapism from the resistance movement by Korean literature such as the popular novels by Lee Kwang-Soo, the artistic novels by Kim Dong-Ihn and the historical novels by Hong Myung-Hyee, and the other trend was facing the real situation with pure Korean literary spirits, like Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun, are also recognized as this type of writers at least until the end of 1930's. Some of the delicate situations existing in literature of these years were: 1. The periodicals such as "Shin Dong Ah", "Cho Kwang", and many others were not only published frequently but also prohibited to be prined. 2. A study of national heritage through Korean language, Kook Woh, and Korean history Kook Sha continued under the Japanese dictatorship, arid some examples of this trend are the publications of "Korean Language for Secondary Schools", and " Ancient History of Korea." 3. While a movement to trace the origines of nationals tradition were actively under way, like Cho Shun Song Study Studio, Korean Folk Society, many cultural and writing groups including some literary groups favoring Japan such as Cho Shun Writers Association were repeatedly organized and vanished. 4. people's resistan movement was heightened by many socio-religious groups such as Kwang Joo Students Riot, the secret Nazi party, and Chun Dho Doctrine Spiritual League. 5. Along with the disorganizatin of the ideological conflicts between the writers group had steadily been growing. Particularly, the disorganization of "Shin Ghan Hwe" was one of the evidences explaining the painful experience of the country. It is interesting that a philosophical standings of the writers in this era, such as Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim, Nam-Chun, had some similarities in their personal history and motives. Their personal view on the unique situation that they had to confront can be outlined as follows. 1. As far as their chronological age that time was concerned, Hweng Bho was in his early 30's, Baek Rueng was in mid 20's, and Nam Chum was in late teen's. It means that the age differences between Hweng Bho and Nam Chun had reached almost double figures, and that fact is very important because the personal age level of a writer could srongly inluence his works in some respects. 2. Many works also show the different provinical characteristics, because of the different birth place of each writer , as Seoul, Chun Bhuk Province, and Phyung Bhuk Province, By this reason, if we scrutinize their works, a gerneral understanding about the entire Korean penninsular could be drawn 3. Other facts in common to them are; that they had studied in Japan and withdrawn around the first yeas of their study, their major occupation were journalism such as periodical publications, and have had financial difficulties, Another thing is except Hweng Bho, the other two had remarried. Summing up, a literary and sociological approach and interpretation which was attempted through this paper to trace the major backgrounds of literature in the 1930's which fits to one-10 year interval, to find out how the three writers had survived through the hard times, and to excerpt their previous living experiences and analyze their major works in the same period, could be vital in understanding their literary works more closely.

傷寒論에 대한 精神醫學的 硏究

文相泰,辛容玹,具炳壽 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門.傷寒』) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. Pal-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門·傷寒』) are improved by Lee-Chun(李 ) who added Jang-gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum. Won. 4. Lee-Chun(李 ) believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the "Unbalance(不平)". So he wanted to reach harmony of "Jeong(精), QI(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)" after improving the status of "Unbalance(『不平』)" toward the status of "Balance(平)".

이상화 문학에 나타난 시적 상상력의 근원 연구

유신지 ( Yu Shin-ji ),여상임 ( Yeo Sang-im ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.74 No.-

이상화문학에 대한 논의는 이상화 당대는 물론, 1960년대부터 지금까지 상당히 구체적으로 진행되었다. 주로 상징주의나 낭만주의와 같은 문예사조적인 경향이나 저항시인이라는 민족주의적인 관점에서 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점에서는 이상화 문학 전반에서 드러나는 동양적이고 전통적인 사유를 다 해명하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이상화문학과 그의 사상의 근저에는 동학이나 천도교적인 사상의 근간을 이루는 내재적 초월의 사유가 자리하고 있다. 내재적 초월의 사유는 이상화 문학의 곳곳에서 다양한 모습으로 드러나고 있다. 본고에서는 이상화의 시적 상상력의 근원이 이러한 내재적 초월의 사유로 파악될 수 있다고 보고, 전통시학의 관점, 특히 기층철학을 토대로 이상화의 문학 텍스트를 분석해보고자 했다. 특히 이상화의 전기적 사실들을 살펴보면, 그의 사상과 사유가 형성되는 중요한 시기인 십대와 이십대 전반에 걸쳐서 천도교적인 색채가 짙은 인물들과 깊은 교류를 맺었고 그와 관련된 활동들을 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그가 제시하는 문학론이나 시작품들에서도 그러한 사유들이 드러나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이상화의 문학평론이나 시에서는 우리 고유의 민속 신앙인 샤머니즘과 이를 계승한 동학사상의 색채가 드러난다. 그의 시작품들에서도 특징적인 것이 ‘하늘’,‘신령’, ‘검’, ‘동굴’ 등과 같은 시어들이 빈번히 쓰이고 있는데, 이러한 시어들은 이상화 텍스트 전반에서 관찰되는 ‘내재적 초월’의 사유들을 드러내는 것으로 쓰이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 기존의 논의에서 채 규명되지 못한 부분들로, 동양적이고 전통적인 사유의 지평 안에서만 비로소 설명이 되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 논의는 이상화가 1920년대 시단의 다양한 흐름 속에서도 그 시류에 휩쓸리지 않고, 우리의 자생적인 사상이라 할 수 있는 전통철학의 토대 위에 그 나름의 시세계를 구축하였음을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 나아가 이상화 문학을 바라보는 새로운 해석의 지평을 넓혀볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Untill now, the study on Lee Sang-hwa’s literature has been done very widely. Most rearchess have been done in the point of view of symbolism, romanticism, or nationalism. But, through these views, we couldn't find the basic thoughts of his Literature. There are immanent transcendence in the origin of his Literature and his own ideas. Therefor, at this thesis, we found that the origin of poetic imagination in Lee Sang-hwa’s literature is based on the oriental and traditional thoughts. Especially, when we searched Lee Sang-hwa’s biography, we found that he was related to the people who had Chondo-kyo belief. Such thoughts appeared his literary theory or in his prototypes. His literary criticism and poetry reveal the color of Korean folk faith, Shamanism and Donghak's succession. In his poetry text, the words such as 'heaven', 'spirit', 'sword' and 'cave' are frequently used. And these words are used to reveal the aspects of 'Immanent transcendence' observed wholy. This aspect can not be clarified in the existing discourse and is only explained within the horizon of the traditional thoughts. This study enables us to confirm that Lee-Sanghwa has built his own poetry system on the basis of traditional philosophy which is not influenced by the currents in the various ideal flows of the 1920s. In addition, it has a significance in that it can broaden the horizon of the new interpretation in reading the Lee-Sanghwa’s literature.

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

GIS를 이용한 소매업종 상권 반경과 중심지 이동분석

신우진,정창무,이상경 한국부동산분석학회 2002 不動産學硏究 Vol.8 No.1

This paper assesses changing patterns of the commercial power of a region and leading sectors of the movement with radial ring-based analyses of 49 categories of retail services in Kangnam-gu, Seoul. The radius of trade market area(R), as the measure of commercial power of a location, is defined as a pre-defined radial distance from the store location. Moving patterns of the regional commercial power is analysed based on the peak of overlapping density of the retail trade area every year. Findings indicate that the centers have been differentiated from each other in the form of an orderly hierarchy of places, with particular retail services developing for lower-ordered places as they reach a threshold, and leading sectors of the movement are usually retail services favored by teenagers.

장을 이용한 요로전환술 후 요석형성 위험인자의 변화

신관희,한광희,정원일,이형래,이상철,김원재 충북대학교 의학연구소 2002 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.12 No.2

연구목적: 장을 이용한 요로전환술을 받은 환자들에게는 여러 가지 대사적 장애에 따른 합병증이 발생하게 되는데 그 중 하나인 요석형성의 위험인자에 대해 대사적 검사를 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법: 장을 이요한 요로전환술을 시행 받은 후 적어도 6개월간 추적관찰이 가능했던 30명(회장 도관술 24명, Mainz pouch 4명, 방광 확대술 2명)을 환자군으로 하였고 요석의 과거력이 없는 건강한 38명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 요로감염이나 항생제를 투여하는 경우에는 대상에서 제외하였고 식이 제한을 하지 않은 상태에서 24시간 소변을 외래에서 모았다. 소변량, 나트륨, 인, 요산, 크레아티닌, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 수산, 구연산 등의 요검사 항목을 조사하여 환자군과 대조군의 측정치 및 크레아티닌으로 보정한 측정값을 각 성별에 따라 비교하였다. 결과: 혈중 칼슘, 인, 요산, 나트륨, 칼륨, 크레아티닌, 혈액요소질소 (BUN) 등 대부분의 혈중 검사 항목들은 환자군과 대조군 사이에 차이가 없었으나 혈중 단백질 수치만이 차이를 보였다. 23명의 남성 환자에게서 수산의 요 배설량이 대조군에 비해 현저히 높았으며 반대로 구연산과 요산은 대조군에 비해 낮았다 (p=0.006, p=0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). 또한, 남성 환자의 칼슘의 요 배설량은 대조군보다 오히려 적게 나타나 환자군의 칼슘/수산 비가 현저히 감소하였다 (p<0.001). 요중 칼슘, 나트륨, 인 및 요산은 크레아티닌의 농도와 관련성을 보였으며, 오직 수산만이 크레아티닌 보정 후에도 남성 환자군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 한편, 7명의 여성 환자들에게서 대조군에 비해 마그네슘의 배설이 감소한 것 이외에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다 (p=0.04). 결론: 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 요로전환술을 받은 환자에게 요중 칼슘, 마그네슘, 구연산 등이 요석형성에 영향을 끼치는 인자로 작용하지만, 요중 수산 배설의 증가와 이에 따른 칼슘/수산 비율의 감소가 보다 더 주된 위험 요인이라 할 수 있다. Purpose: The present study was performed to assess the risk factors for urolithiasis in patients receiving urinary intestinal diversion due to certain underlying etiology. Materials and Methods: This study included 30 patients who had undergone various forms of urinary intestinal diversion (24 of ileal conduits, 4 of Mainz continent diversions, and 2 of augmentation cystoplasties) with post-operative duration of at least 6 months and 38 age-matched normal controls. Urine samples (24-hour) were randomly collected on an outpatient basis without any dietary restriction when the patients were free of urinary tract infection or antibiotics. Investigation of urinary analytes comprised urine volume, sodium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, oxalate, and citrate. Data were compared in original values and adjusted values by creatinine in each sex. Results: Almost serum analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and BUN were not significantly different between patients and controls except protein. In 23 male patients, mean urinary excretion of oxalate was significantly greater than control group and conversely in that of citrate and uric acid (p=0.006, p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Unexpectedly, urinary excretion of calcium in male patients was lower than in control (p=0.002) resulting in significant decrease in the ratio of calcium to oxalate (p<0.001). Among the urinary analytes, excretions of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and uric acid were significantly correlated with that of creatinine. Oxalate was only different analyte when adjusted by creatinine between male patients and controls. In 7 female patients, decreased excretion of magnesium was observed when compared to control (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our study indicated that urinary intestinal diversion cause increased excretion of urinary oxalate leading to decreased calcium to oxalate ratio, as major metabolic alteration for urolithiasis, although urinary calcium, magnesium, or citrate may take a role.

측두하악관절염에서 발생한 희귀한 골화현상

신미정,안상헌,박재범,장헌수,김종필,안재진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.2

Osteoarthritis is a noninflammatory degenerative disease affecting the articular surfaces and is accompanied by remodeling of the underlying bone. The sympotms of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint are pain in the joint and muscles of mastication, limitation. Osteoarthritis is generally accepted that several factors can contribute to the trauma, aging process, internal derangement and MPDS. Radiographic features of the osteoarthritis are seen flattening of joint, sclerosis on flattened area and osteophyte or anterior lipping. In the past, osteoarthritis was considered to self-limiting disease. Currently, synovial chondro-membrane is part of the process of osteoarthritis secondary to trauma. Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon disease of cartilaginous transformation of synovial membrane with formation of loose bodies within the joint space. The pathogenesis in more an active metaplastic than a neoplastic process. The cause of synovial chondromatosis is unknown. Although trauma and inflammation have all been cited as possible factors in tis pathogenesis. The clinical sign and symptoms are unilateral swelling of the joint region, pain in the joint area and crepitus seem to be the most reliable signs and symptoms. Radiographic evidence of loose bodies may or may not be present. This is a case report of 66 year old female with synovial chondromatosis, that is advanced disease of the osteoarthrits. We treated patient with surgical excision of lose bodies, diskectomy and synovectomy. The defected articular fossa area was reconstructed with temporalis fascia flap. The result was satisfactory.

실험적 부자 시신경병증에서 Methylprednisolone의 효능

신재필,이상희,서형덕,김인택 경북대학교 병원 1998 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

동물실험에서 aconite 또는 aconitine은 신경계통에 독성을 나타낸다고 이미 알려져 있다. 그러한 독성은 시유발전위와 병리조직에서 탈수초증으로 나타난다. 저자들은 실험적으로 aconite을 주입하여 탈수초신경증을 일으킨 후 고용량이 methylprednisolone(MP)투여가 효능이 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. Aconite를 복강내 주입하고 곧 이어 가토의 이연정맥으로 MP를 주입한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군으로 나누었고 이들을 서로 비교하였다. 그리고 이 두 군을 정상군과도 비교하였다. 시유발전위에서 aconite를 주입후 MP를 투여한 군에서 aconite만을 주입한 군에 비하여 onset latency와 peak latency 그리고 진폭 모두에서 2주째에 통계학적으로 의미있게 회복되었으나 (p<0.05) 정상군과 비교하여 의미있는 차이를 나타내지 아니하였다. 그러나 정상군과 비교하여 1개월과 2개월에서 onset latency은 의미있게 지연되었고 (p<0.05) peak latency와 진폭은 다소 회복되었으나 정상군의 평균값에는 미치지 못하였다. 병리조직에서 MP으로 치료한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군 모두에서 수초의 탈수초변화가 관찰되었으나 MP으로 치료한 군은 상대적으로 탈수초변화가 현저하지 아니하였다. 본 연구에서 실험적으로 가토에 aconite를 전신에 투여하여 시신경병증을 일으킨 후 고용량의 MP를 즉시 투여한 경우에 시신경의 기능을 정상상태까지 회복시키는데는 한계가 있으나 부분적으로 시신경의 기능을 회복시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다(한안지 37:1730~1740, 1996). Studies in animals indicate that aconitine or aconite has toxic effects in the visual system of a rabbit model. Such a toxic effects causes myelo-optic neuropathy in the visually evoked cortical potential(VECP) and histopathologic studies. Whether the administration of intravenous high-does of methyprednisolone(MP) in the myelo-optic neuropathy caused by aconitine(1.5㎖/㎏, equivalent to 0.7㎎/㎏ of aconitine) is experimentally effective remains uncertain. The group treated with MP(daily 30㎎/㎏×2 for 3 days followed by 15㎎/㎏ for 3 days) in addition to aconite was compared with the aconite alone group and the normal control group. In the MP treated group, increased recovery of onset latency, peak latency, and amplitude in VECP in comparision with the aconite alone group was recorded at 2 weeks(p<0.05). The MP treated group in comparision with the normal control group showed a significant delay in onset latency at 1 month and 2 months(p<0.05). But, the amplitude in both the MP treated group and the aconite alone group increased at 2 months and did not show a significant difference in comparision with the normal group(p<0.05). In histopathologic study, pathologic findings of myelin sheath in the MP treated group were less severe than in the aconite alone group generally. The true benefit of high-does MP was at least clear within 2 weeks. The authors conclude that treatment with intravenous high-does MP immediate after aconite injection may have some beneficial effects in recovery of neurologic function although such a treatment do no have the definite recovery in aconite induced myelo-optic neuropathy(J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 37:1730~1740, 1996).

나노크리스탈 약물 전달 기술

황우신,황성주,박정숙,조정원 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2012 藥學論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Nanotechnology affects on various aspects including medicine and pharmaceutics. This nanocrystal technology which transforms to nano-sized material is able to develop the innovational formulation strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs due to the change of physicochemical properties of drug. Scale-up methods using pearl milling or high pressure homogenizer was described and commercialized products based on nanotechnology were introduced in this manuscript.

鋼橋梁 下部플랜지 맞대기 鎔接이음부의 鎔入不足에 따른 疲勞擧動에 관한 硏究

신재철,한성호,정인수 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.2

A major defective welding pattern in the steel bridges is identified as the lack of welding area due to the insufficient welding penetration. In this study is fatigue behavior and fatigue life of steel bridge under flange of weld insufficient of butt weld joint. Fatigue behavior and fatigue life test is minor's law and fracture analysis and nowaday, finite element method is used to many times. By considering the welding defect in the above, structural analysis is conducted to evaluate butt weld joint influence due to welding defect on the safety of steel bridges. The results indicate that, due to the insufficient welding penetration, the stress obtained in the analysis is over the allowable fatigue stress level, and its influence on safety of the bridges is significant