Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

사상체질의학의 진화론적 고찰

지상은,조황성 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Through the theoretical study on Sa-sang constitutional medicine from a evolutionary point of view, the result was obtained as follows. 1. The system of Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) in Sa-sang constitutional medicine is similar to the theory of evolution of Teilhard de Chardin. 2. The concept of Yin and Yang in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be set up by the demand and necessity in the progress of evolution and the time of the differentiation of functions. 3. The Sung-Jung(性情) of each Sa-sang constitution can be explained as the strategy and form survival. 4. The theory of physiology, pathology and therapy in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be hypothesized by the evolutionary standards which are related with the thermo-metabolism and hematopoietic-immune system.

QoS Support Extended SIP-based Network Architecture and Session Management Methods

Eunㅡhee Cho,Kang-Sik Shin,Sang-Jo Yoo 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.4

의자차 정추진 방식과 역추진 방식에서상지 근전도 신호와 생리적 부담지수의 비교

박은영,조상현,이충휘,이영희 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.3

흰쥐 젖샘신경으로 투사하는 중추신경내 Oxytocin 신경로에 관한 연구

백상호,강기동,김은아,조경제,최완성,이봉희 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.6

총체적 언어 접근법에 의한 초등학교 국어과 프로그램 개발

이성은 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1994 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.64 No.2-3

The purpose of this study is to develop a Korean Language Art Program for Elementary School Education using whole language approach. Because we are living in a fast changing society which is demanding a person who can think creatively, our elementary school curriculums are in a situation that and needs a lot of improvements and changes. Although much educational research and theory are focused on changes in elementary school, there are no actual strategies to be put into practice in the classrooms. So, for an alternative plan, I have developed W-L approach, which is spreading fast in many elementary schools across the world. "Whole-Language", two words that have become a label for an exciting grass-roots teacher movement, is changing curriculum around the world. The meaning of these two words symbolize teachers being heard and students becoming visible. The origin of W-L goes up to Jerome Harste and Carolyn Burke (1977). They described how teachers developed a theoretical view of the reading process. One of these paradigms was called the W-L view of reading. In 1978, Dorothy Watson and others in Columbia, Missouri, formed the first teacher support group. Then they made the organization named "Teachers Applying Whole Language"(TAWL). The teacher support group in Winnipeg, Canada, began to present workshops about W-L teaching and learning in 1980. Eventually on February 18, 1989, the constitution of the Whole Language Umbrella, a confederation of W-L support groups and individuals, was ratified in Winnipeg. The W-L program was applied to four first grade classes which had 35 pupils respectively in "E" school located at Seoul. The topic of the program was selected from the current Korean Language Art Textbook. This topic identifies with the fundamental concept of W-L approach and W-L curriculum which is related to childrens experienced and integrated with other subjects such as social studies, music and art education. The goal of the program was to make children listen, speak, write, read and catch meanings themselves by leading them to enjoy and participate in such activities. This program was composed of seven learning centers; practicing telephone manners, reading letters and answering questions in them, why do we need it, seeking many ways to communicate, learning to address letters, writing letter to friends and in the free time. The procedure of this program had a various time plan as follows: the program began with a whole-class focusing on the teacher, while she demonstrated what to do at the even learning centers. This was followed by one hour of activity time. During activity time pupils engaged in the seven learning centers that had been, carefully designed according to principles that ensured that plenty of social interaction and collaborative learning took place. During this time, the teacher played the role of the "consultant: interacting and supporting the pupils. The final period of time for 10 minutes involved the pupils sharing with the rest of the group by telling, explaining, or in some way describing aspects of the reading and writing which they had engaged in during the previous one hour. The learning principle underlying the program was to put an emphasis on W-L approach. And the evaluation was focused on the childrens ability and performance in language practices rather than on their knowledge of language. Several important results accured with the research. First, since the program employed the childrens own language, they participated in learning activities wih interests and joy while not overburdened. Second, the participating children developed confidence in reading more effectively through various activities experienced by themselves. Finally, through this W-L program, the teachers had a chance to try new teaching strategies and change their role as teacher, different from traditional teaching processes.

대전시내 소아과 병·의원에 내원한 환아들의 수유 양상에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

성은옥,박인숙 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to research the feeding methods of infants and its influencing factors. The survey was performed from I May to 31 June, 1988 in three general hospitals and four private hospitals in Taejeon, and checked the feeding methods of the new borns and infants. The questionaire was composed of following items; sex, age, weight of delivery time, and influencing factors and reason of choosing the feeding method. The total number of the cases was 471. The results are as follows; 1. Feeding method Feeding method was consisted of breast feeding 45.1%, artificial feeding 41.6%, and mixed feeding 12.7%. 2. Sex, age, and birth weight. 61% of infants was male and 38.9% was female. The distribution of age showed little difference. In the infants' weight of delivery time, 45.9% of them weighed 3. Okg-3.4kg. 3. Parents' age 74.9% of the fathers were 30-39 years old and 62.5% of the mothers were 20-29. The younger the fathers were, the more the breast feeding methods were chosen. (P<0.05) 4. The Educational level In fathers' group, above junior college graduates were 49.3%, middle or high school graduates were 48.4%. In mothers' group, middle or high school graduates were 69.4%. In considering both group, most of the above junior college graduates chose the artificial feeding method. (P< 0.001) 5. Occupation In fathers' group, office worker was 54.8%. skilled job 12.7%, and managerial job 10.8%, respectively. In mothers' group, 8.9% of them had occupation. There was a statistical significance (P<0.001). 6. Delivery type Normal delivery was 76.9% of them. cesarean section was 19.3%, and the induction was 3.8 %. In the normal delivery group, many chose the breast feeding method. In the Cesarean section group as well as the induction group, many chose the artificial feeding method. (P<0.05)

영업양도와 해고의 효력을 다투는 근로자의 근로관계 승계 문제에 대한 검토 : 대법원 2020. 11. 5. 선고 2018두54705 판결을 중심으로

성은정 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2021 Ewha Law Review Vol.11 No.-

‘영업’이란 일정한 영업목적에 의해 조직화된 유기적 일체로서의 기능적 재산을 말하고, 이는 영업을 구성하는 유형ㆍ무형의 재산과 경제적 가치를 갖는 사실관계가 서로 유기적으로 결합하여 수익의 원천으로 기능한다는 것과 유기적으로 결합한 수익의 원천으로서의 기능적 재산이 마치 하나의 재화와 같이 거래의 객체가 된다는 것을 뜻한다. ‘영업의 양도’는 일정한 영업목적에 의해 조직화된 일체, 즉 인적ㆍ물적 조직의 동일성이 유지되며 일체로서 이전하는 것으로, 우리 대법원은 이러한 영업양도가 이뤄진 경우에는 원칙적으로 해당 근로자들의 고용관계가 양수하는 기업에 포괄적으로 승계된다는 입장이다. 한편, 근로자가 노동위원회에 구제 신청 또는 소송으로 해고의 효력을 다투는 기간에 영업양도가 발생한 경우, 근로관계가 양수인에게 승계되는지에 관하여 기존 대법원 판결은 실제 계약체결일을 기준으로 근로관계의 승계 여부를 결정하는 취지의 판시를 해왔다. 그런데 대법원 2020. 11. 5. 선고 2018두54705 판결은 영업 전부의 양도 이전에 정당한 이유 없이 해고된 근로자의 근로관계는 양수인이 원칙적으로 승계한다고 판단한바, 이와 관련하여 영업양도의 법률적 효과인 근로관계 승계 여부에 대한 학설 및 외국의 입법사례, 해고의 효력을 다투고 있는 근로자의 근로관계 승계에 관한 학설 및 관련 판례를 검토하고 근로관계 승계의 법리를 구체화한 이 사건 판결의 판단기준의 타당성을 검토하겠다. This study aims at analyzing the legal concept of transfer of business in accordance with Korean Commercial Code, particularly focusing on the succession of employment in case where an employee claims the validity of layoff. Business refers to assets of companies as an organized and linked segment under a specific purpose of incorporation. In other words, any and all kinds of tangible and/or intangible assets along with other factual backgrounds retaining profitable values comprise the business, functioning as a resource of profits as well as an object of financial transactions. The legal concept of transfer of business connotes a succession of an organized segment under the particular business purpose, maintaining identical schemes. With regards to an issue whether an employment relationship would be succeeded with an integrity at time of business transferring, the Korean Supreme Court holds an affirmative stance on this issue. When an employee requests a relief for a wrongful dismissal to the labor association or files a lawsuit, case precedents have considered the effectiveness date of an employment agreement entered into and between the company and the dismissed employee. However, according to the Supreme Court’s decision with the case number 2018DO54705 dated on the fifth of November, it is concluded that the employment relationship is succeeded, therefore the transferee of the business has been assigned with such relationship, particularly where there is no reasonable ground for the layoff at all. In this study, the general standards provided by the Supreme Court’s decision will be deep dived with elaborating on theories, legislative movements in multiple jurisdictions, and the case precedents relating to the aforementioned of business.

동양 복식의 연구 동향 분석

은영자,최윤혜,형승희 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

In this study, we investigate the transition of studies in the history of the Eastern costume every 5 years from 1959 to 1998 by sorting the researches into 8 classes in accordance with their topics, in order to grasp earlier and current trends in the discipline and seek a desirable direction to future research. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Research papers in costume are published steadily since 1970, but it appears that the quantity of papers has increased since 1990. Master's theses make the majority of the total researches, occupying 44.8%. 20.4% of the papers appear in college periodicals or else, and 19.6% in Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. The rests are 4.5% in Journal of the Korean society of Clothing and Textiles, 3.7 % in Journal of Korean economic association, and 2.1% in Research Journal of the Culture in order. 2. Based on the classification of the topics of the papers, we have loamed that studies in materials such as patterns, textile, and colors occupy 19.5% making themselves the majority. Other topics are presented in similar frequency. 3. The most frequent topic in Men's costume is the study on Simuy, a Korean traditional jacket and Topho, a Korean traditional coat. The researches in Men's costume, focusing on historical changes, morphology, and colors, are generally performed in bibliographic historical methodology or through analyses of archaeological materials such as relics and paintings. Some papers present ways of draft from the viewpoint of clothing construction. And others include studies on variations of life emotion reflected in local properties and costume and the comparative study of the aspects of costume appeared in Confucian books and I-Ching (易經). 4. The majority of researches on Women's costume are concerned with the Korean traditional jacket Chogori, in which the focus is put on the form of Chogori and some other details. Then, the Korean traditional dress Chima-Chogori, ceremonial dresses, and the Buddhist costume are major research subjects in Women's costume in order. They analyze types and forms of the above mentioned clothes, and hence characterize contemporary aesthetic senses to corroborate the cultural inherence and beauty of the Korean traditional costume. 5. Researches on accessories, in general, concentrate on the diversity of the sorts of them, but lack enough varieties and independence in that they tend to only review the earlier work. Therefore, they need be more diverse and varied in subjects. Nonetheless, it has been found from the papers on accessories that the accessory is not so much a part of costume as an independent object of the discipline. 6. Of the subjects of Studies on materials such as patterns, textile, and colors, the pattern is the most prominent, and the researches on the pattern applied to design and the comparison with other nations' patterns has been increasing, from which we have learned that those researches will be important references in future research. In the case of textile, much work on that in Corye, a Dark Age in the field of costume study has been presented currently, which seems to signify a new breakthrough should be open. 7. Most papers on military and police uniforms have to do with history of changes based on bibliographic data, and investigations into dancing clothes, musicians' costume, and the shamanist costume are also mainly concerned with changes or systems of costume. On the other hand, studies on Kisaeng' Clothes discuss the Chosun Kisaeng's Costume and idiosyncrasies of their status. 8. About a half of papers on archaeological costume and paintings deal with exhumed clothes and textile and record paintings, from which we can tell that the researches in these topics take part in the positivistic study of the history of costume. 9. In the field of the comparative study of costume, researchers have most frequently compared the Korean costume with the Chinese costume, especially concentrating on clothes rather than on ornaments and accessories. On the other hand, it is expected that more interest should be taken in the Japanese costume, because it is not sufficiently investigated in comparison with the Chinese costume. Moreover, it is desirable to extend research interest to countries other than those in the Northeastern Asia since the tendency of the discipline has been to give more attention to the Northeastern Asia than other areas. Needless to say, the comparative study requires the researchers to have enough knowledge of historical backgrounds and local characteristics of other countries. 10. Researches on the costume in the enlightening period and the post-independence era are different than those on other periods' costume in that they are generally interested in the change of costume and the factors of the change.

고학력장애인의 직업특성과 직업재활 태도 연구

윤상은,이달엽 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원 2012 장애와 고용 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 312명의 고학력 장애인들에 대해 장애인 직업재활에 대한 태도, 취업특성, 직업관, 공식 교육활동을 보는 관점, 그리고 삶의 질을 설문 조사하여 그 결과를 분석적 관점에서 다루었다. 질문지 세부 항목들의 문항분석, 기술통계 결과 및 요인분석과 구조방정식 연구모형을 통해 나타난 결과들을 학문적 정책적 관점에서 다룰 수 있는 시사점으로 도출하였는데 여기서 얻은 주요 결론은 이제 우리 사회도 직업재활을 통해 공정한 기회를 천명하는 가운데 중증 장애를 지닌 사람들과 같은 사회적 약자에게 교육과 사회생활에 필요한 모든 지원제도를 확립하고 고용정책을 포함하는 사회 각 영역에서 우선권을 부여해야 할 필요성에 직면하고 있는 것이다. 특히, 고위 공무원이나 국립대학의 중요 학과들에 대해 진입 기회를 중증장애인들에게 더욱 넓히고 이들을 국가의 전략적 인적 자원으로 육성해야 한다는 공감대와 인식이 필요하다. 재활은 교육과 마찬가지로 국가사회를 장기적으로 준비시키기 때문에 중증장애인의 직업재활을 위한 세부적인 동기부여 수단과 이들의 직업재활에 필요한 각종 지원제도와 서비스들이 제공되어야 한다. This study was aimed at exploring the individual characteristics of the highly educated people with disabilities according to the educational and vocational conditions, and inquiring how study factors including vocational perspectives, vocational goals, awareness of the surrounding environment, job satisfaction and holistic quality of life are interactive. To accomplish this purpose, the current researchers surveyed people with disabilities who left university without graduating or obtained bachelor's degree, master's degree or doctorate. Associations of each disability area and rehabilitation centers throughout the nation including Jeju area, KEAD(Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled), and religious organizations were participated in this survey study. Total 329 questionnaires of survey were collected, but 17 were eliminated from this sample due to the inadequate answer. Finally, 312 questionnaires were analyzed to confirm research hypothesis. In educational characteristics among the subjects, the number of bachelor's degree holders occupied the biggest percentage and college and graduate school graduates in Seoul and metropolitan areas that the access for mobility is relatively facile were composed of the largest group. The percentage of the employed group appeared relatively higher than the unemployed group. Among the employed group, most of subjects have worked as social workers or other professionals in relevant social service areas. Upon examination of the scales that was measured to analysis the vocational perspectives, vocational goals, awareness of the surrounding environment and holistic quality of life, it appeared that the group of master's degree holders and the group who were employed showed the highest level among the subjects in each scale. The results showed the urgent need for creating and discussing appropriate solutions to problems for education and employment situations of the highly educated people with disabilities. Further systematic study for the attitude of highly educated people with disabilities would be conducted not only in the vocational rehabilitation but also quality of life and holistic social issues, such as health conditions, cultural benefits and leisure activities.