수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

用寒遠寒과 用熱遠熱에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論에서

채영진,신창환,임현택,여성원,한성규,이재원,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Five elements motion and six kinds of natural factors influence not only human disease but also difference of medicine effect. Because the climate of summer is very hot, that is easy to increase the properties of hot medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in summer. Also the climate of winter is very cold, that is easy to increase the properties of cold medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in winter. But in the certain conditions to use diaphoretics or purgatives, in spite of that regulation a doctor can use them.

한국어 부정 극성 부사에 대한 연구

채상진 한국화법학회 2000 화법연구 Vol.2 No.-

Negative polarizable adverbs relate to a series of adverbs which have the semantic features of 〔+negative〕 and which are propertied with the agreement relationship of negative factors. They include such vocabularies as mix with precedent negative words like ‘아니(ani)/안(an)’ and ‘못(mot)’ etc. or as have functions to extremely strengthen or maximize the degrees of negation by highlighting agreement with postprecedent negative words like ‘않다(antha)’, ‘없다(eoptta)’, ‘말다(malda)’, ‘아니다(anida)’, ‘못하다(mothada)’, and ‘모르다(moreuda)’ etc. Making a reference to the meanings of adverbs presented in Korean dictionaries and the findings of a questionnaire research. I have come up with the following order in terms of the degree of negative polarizable adverbs: 결코(kyeolko)ㆍ절대로(jeolttaero) 〉전혀(jeonhyeo) 〉도저히(dojeohee) 〉일절(iljeol) 〉지지리(jijiri) 〉도무지(domuji) 〉영(yeong) 〉통(tong) 〉차마(chama) etc. It is usual to put negative polarizable adverbs right after subjects. Yet, as the core factors which the negative polarizable adverbs modify are the negative predicates, they are environmentally propertied by a tendency to be placed close to the cores of the objects they modify. This study can hopefully serve as a basic foundation for other forms of studies on negative polarity words. I think that this study will contribute to future researches for this paper sheds light on the features of their environment, those of their meanings, and their agreement with certain words on the basis of the degree of the negation of the negative polarizable adverbs. And I think that a new grammar category will be established if future studies include other parts of speech or phrases the of negative polarity words.

十二變에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論을 중심으로

채영진,남호현,이석모,여성원,한성규,이재원,안민식,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The six kinds of natural factors(It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.) is constantly moving to maintain the balance of whole climate of one year. Four seasons are the largest mediation of whole climate of one year. The cold and the heat have the relationship of mutual intervention. The dampness and the dryness have it also. In this process they raise various climate appearance. And that various climate appearance influence the whole lives on the earth. This paper is concerned with the classification of them.

개선된 Bridgman법으로 성장한 Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8+δ) 單結晶의 초전도성

채건식,손인호,설정식,이수대,김영국,전동성,오재근,강성욱 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

The Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) single crystals are grown from the melt using a stoichiometric starting composition fer the cautions. The size and thickness of the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals depends on the cooling rate. The lower the cooling rate, the bigger and thicker the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals become. Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements of the single crystals were carried out using the radiation source of Cu Kα . In these Patterns only the (0,0,2n) diffraction appeared. The result indicated that the cleared surface of the single crystal was of the a-b face, and that the single crystal had a single phase without any undergrowth with 7K and 85K phases. In addition, although the figure is not shown, XRD patterns from (006) to (00□) were observed in the range of 2θ=0 to 60 degrees. The characterization of as-grown single crystals have been analyzed by Laue X-ray backsdattering along the c-axis and X-ray precession experiments. The result of magnetic moment vs Tc in 10 Gauss for a crystals were measurements indicated that the samples have a superconducting transition temperature of 85K.

成人 男子의 身體構成에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ)

蔡鴻遠,洪相完 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1987 體育學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

The subjects were 6 male active adultmen(the range of their age was 30∼47 years old), and they were freshmen members in Graduate School of Dong-A University doctorate course majoring in physical education. Body compositions were calculated by body density obtained from skinfold thickness method and underwater weighing. The purpose of this study was to fine out statistical difference between two methods with T-test, and compare correlations among those variables. The conclusions were as followings; 1. Physical Characteristics. Body height and body weight were rather higher and heavier than the common same age group's. 2. T-test between body compositions obtained from skinfold thickness method and underwater weighing method. There were not significant differences between the values of body compositions calculated from two methods(|T|<2.57, p<0.05). 3. Body Compositions. ① % far was 12.50±1.24% (skinfold thickness method) and 17.53±3.26% (underwater weighing method). ② Supposing that two subjects' body weight were same, We could find that the lighter underwater body weight the smaller body density. ③ We could assume that the values of body composition obtained from underwater weighing method were more accurate than those from skinfold thickness method. 4. Correlations. ① There were very high positive correlations between height and fat(p<0.05), Fat/Height(p<0.05), LBM/Height(p<0.01), and LBM(p<0.001). There were very high positive correlations between body weight and % fat(p<0.05), Fat/Height (p<0.01), and Fat·LBM·LBM/Height(respectively p<0.001). Besides, there were positive and negative correlations between the other values, but not statistical significances. ② There were high correlations between triceps and % Fat, % LBM. ③ There were positive correlations between body density and % Fat, but not a statistical significance. ④ There were positive correlations between vital capacity and residual lung volume % Fat, Fat, LBM, Fat/Height, and LBM/Height respectively, but not statistical significances. ⑤ Between triceps(X) and % fat(Y'), We could calculate regression equation (Y')=0.561X+8.249(Sy.x=1.039, r=0.819, p<0.05), between triceps(X) and Fat/Height(Y'), Y'=0.467X+1.628(Sy.x=1.033, r=0.821, p<0.05), between triceps(X) and % LBM(Y'), Y'=-0.561X+91.755(Sy.x=1.038, r=-0.819, p<0.05), but, in other cases there were not statistical significances because either correlation was low or Sy.x was large.

심장질환과 급사

채성철 中央醫學社 1997 中央醫學 Vol.62 No.5

Sudden cardiac death is one of major unresolved clinical and public health problem in the developed countries. In this review the definition, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death and structural cardiovascular abnormalities frequently found in sudden cardiac death are briefly stated.

韓國 近代體育에 있어서 各種 體育大會의 性格에 關한 考察

蔡漢承,高成植 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1994 응용과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

This study aims to investigate how various athletic meetings have been developed in the introduction and settlement of Korean modern physical education and how the characters appeared according to the period have been. As there was a quickening of modern physical education, and various athletic meetings were held giving the first consideration to athletic sports, the athletic meetings were at the height of prosperity and the modern athletic sports were practiced, spread by missionaries. These athletic meetings contributed to not only performing the education like the import and introduction of modern culture and the inspiration of patriotic sentiment, including games, amusements and speech meetings. It was the bitters of our physical education to be modernized by the need of Japanese exploitation of the colony for 35 years of Korean and Japanese annexation. In the athletic sports at that time, overseas brethrens and students studying abroad attended and spread the skills to Korean society and athletes. And introducing new sports, they performed great services in the promotion of domestic physical education. On the other hand, our athletes won prizes at the international Olympic games, and Son, Kee-Jeong, a marathon runner won a gold medal at the Berlin Olympic games. So it contributed to the inspiration of our national consciousness in the gloomy period. When Japan invaded the continent in 1930, they revised physical education with the kinds of fight training, in other to strengthen the policy of physical education to militaristic war structure. Therefore, it was very hard time in our physical education. As the autonomy at physical education was restored with liberation in 1945, every physical education organization was adapted for the international situation through the medium of sports and activated domestically international athletic meetings and each sort of athletic meetings in other to improve competition power. Also internationally, they sent athletes to various international tournaments including Olympic games and Asian games, and enhanced the nation's prestige abroad. The epoch-making promotion of physical education was made at the height of Seoul Olympic games in 1988.

中醫雜誌에 報告된 Alzheimer型 痴태에 對한 考察

蔡鍾杰,李相龍 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

This study attempted to analyze the contents of the research papers concerning the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia presented in the magazine of Chinese Medicine published in China over the period between 1998 and 2000. As a resutl, the following conclusion was drawn: 1. The Chinese medical category of Alzheimer-type dementia includes amnesia, dementia, stupidity, depression sumptom complex, insanity and the like and uses the <Statndard for Old-age Stupidity Diagnosis and Treatment Effect Evaluation> as the criterion for diagnosis and treatment effect evaluation. 2. The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer-type dementia include lowered intelligence, deterioration of memory, understanding and judgemental power, retardation of the reaction, emotional changes, character changes, behavioral changes and the like and are divided into mild, medium and serious according to the degree of symptom. 3. From the perspective of Bon-Heo-Pyo-Shil(state of deficient vital essence and excessive pestilential vapor), the pattern of Byun-Sung(identification) is divided into deficiency symptom complex, excessive symptom complex and indiscernible fullness and emptiness. The deficiency symptom complex includes deficiency of the liver and kidney, deficiency of essence of the kidney, deficiency of the reservoir of marrow and the like. The excessive symptom complex ncludes internally blocked stagnant blood, blocking of the passageway due to turbid phlegm, blood stasis due to stagnation of chi, and the like. The indiscernible fullness and emptiness symptom complex includes the deficiency of essence of kidney, blocking of the passageway due to stagnant phlegm, blood stasis due to the deficiency of kidney, blood stasis due to the deficiency of heart and the like. 4. The therapeutics and prescription of Alzheimer-type dementia include the following: Bo-Shin-Ik-Su-Tang for tonifying the kidney, replenishing the marrow and plugging the essence; Ki-Guk-Ji-Hwang-Hwan-Ga-mi for reinforcing the vital essence of the liver and kidney; Kwi-Bi-Tang-Hap-Yang-Shim-Tang for invigorating the functioning of the spleen and nourishing the heart;Hyel-Bu-Chuk-Eo-Tang-Ga-Mi for activating the blood and resolving the stagnancy of the blood; Bo-Yang-Hwan-Oh-Tang for replenishing chi, activating the blood and resolving the stagnancy of the blood; Beon-Kwang-Mong-Sung-Tang for invigorating the functioning of the spleen, replenishing the kidney, resolving the phlegm and enlivening the brain; n-Dam-Tang-Ga-Mi for invigorating the functioning of the spleen, replenishing chi, and removing the phlegm and unclogging the passageway); Se-Shim-Tang-Ga-Mi for removing the stagnancy of the liver and resolving the phlegm; and the like. 5. The research papers on the medication cases of Alzheimer-type dementia understand the pathology of Alzheimer-type dementia from a consistent perspective. They view the pathology of Alzheimer-type dementia as the disease of Bon-Heo-Pyo-Shil(state of deficient vital essence and excessive pestilential vapor) with the combination of the deficiency of essence of the kidney, the deficiency of the brain marrow, blood stasis and blocked phlegm and the like and recommend the prescription of using Bo an Sa simultaneously for treating Alzheimer-type dementia. 6. The research papers on the medication cases of Alzheimer-type dementia reported that the use of creative prescriptions such as Si-Sam-Hang-Ji-Tang, Ji-Yung-Tang, Ka-Mi-Yunh-Ji-Hwan, Ja-Sin-Hwal-Hyel-Tang,Kal-Chang-Ik-Ji-Tang,Ho-Su-Bok-Ji-Tang, Kun-Noe-Ok-Ji-Hap-Je and the like led to the average high efficacy of 85.5%

한국 근대수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨)이 쓴 19세기 근대화학 강의록 『화학계몽초(化學啓蒙抄)』

Son, Yongkeun,Kim, Chae Sik,Lee, Sang-Gu,Lee, Jae Hwa 강원경기수학회 2012 한국수학논문집 Vol.20 No.4

본 원고는 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학-화학-에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 이상설은 "수리(數理)"를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 붓으로 총 46쪽에 달하는 "화학계몽초(化學啓蒙抄)"를 필사하였다. 분석해 본 결과 그 원전은 영국인 H. E. Roscoe(羅斯科, 1833-1915)가 1876년 발간한 Science Primers: Chemistry를 영국인 선교사 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 "화학계몽(化學啓蒙)"으로 "서학계몽(西學啓蒙)" 16종 가운데 하나이다. Sang-Seol LEE wrote a manuscript HwaHakGyeMongCho(化學啓蒙抄) in the late 19th century. HwaHakGyeMongCho was transcribed from Science Primers: Chemistry (written by H. E. Roscoe), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. LEE did not copy original writing exactly, but he understood the contents of each chapter and sections, then summarized and edited them in his caligraphic writing. In this paper, we introduce the contents for the first time and discuss the significance of this book.