忠州市 主幹線 道路邊 建築外部色彩에 關한 硏究

崔生吉,孫泰鎭,柳顯紀,辛同寅,梁富弘,尹勝照,朴碩鉉 忠州大學校 1998 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

In order to understand the influence of colours on the urban design of a city, a portion of the central Chung-Ju was chosen as the study area, and three cases were researched as colours. These surveyed colours are analysed in their hue, value and chroma. It was necessary to determine the colours of 272 buildings exterior in all in order formulate the findings presented in this study. The result of this study can be briefly summerised as the following ; 1) The trends in the use of colour turn out like this ; 55.3% of the building were Y(yellow), YR(yellow-green), R(red) Family in Hue, abour 33.9% of them were within 8.0-8.9 and 26.6% were within 7.0-7.9 on the value scale, and about 48.5% of them were within 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 3.0-3.9 on the chroma scale. 1) For case 1 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 57.8% were Y and YR family in Hue, about 53.7% were 8.0-8.9 and 7.0-7.9 in Value, and about 49.6% of them were within 1.0-3.9 in chroma. 2) For case 2 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 52.4% were Y and R family in Hue, about 65.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 46% were 1.0-2.9 in Chroma. 3) For case 3 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 55.7% were Y and YR Family in Hue, about 72.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 31.1% were 2.0-2.9 in Chroma. In summary, the colours of the building surveyed in central Chung-Ju can be characerized as Y, YR, R, N family in Hue, 7.0-7.9, 8.0-8.9 in Value registered in 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9 in Chroma. The observed exterior colours show a tendency toward Yellow in Hue, High in Value and low in Chroma. Generally, the majority of the colours is light rather than strong in tone.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

소아의 연령별 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 균체응집항체 및 동종혈구응집항체간의 비교연구

정화영,정상인,최철순,양용태 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In general, the concentration of maternal IgG globulin in serum of the neonates falls rapidly within the first few months after birth and the production of IgM globulin develops in the maturing infants during the course of exposure to various antigens in the environment. The development of natural antibodies, ie., isohemagglutinins, IgM class, to ABO blood group substances and agglutinins, Ig class, to normal flora, in the early stage of life is important since not only they may act as bactericidal substances in nonspecific manners, but also could be immunological barometers on the normal function of humoral immune system. The high concentration of isohemagglutinins to human A or B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to some of normal flora such as Propionibacterium acnes or Staphylococcus aureus were observed in normal human sera. It has been known that the serum concentration of IgM globulin usually reached adult levels by one year of age, while that of IgG globulins by five to six years of age. However, the levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B group substances and agglutinating to Propionibacterium acnes in children's sera and the ages in which the concentrations of their antibodies reached to abult levels are not clarified. In this study, the concentrations of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to P.acnes serotype Ⅰ and serotype Ⅱ in the sera of 163 normal children, ranged from 0 day to 15 years of age, were measured by means of microtitration technique. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the sera of 163 children under 15 years of age, there observed no significant difference in the titers of agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ andⅡ. 2. Of 75 sera of children under one year of age, the numbers of sera in which agglutinating antibodies were not detectable or less than 1:4 to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ were 67(89.6%) and to serotype Ⅱ 53(70.7%), respectively. 3. Agglutinating antibody to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ in the children's sera reached adult levels by 7 years of age, but 100 percentages of antibody detection was observed only in the age group of 15 years old, whereas the adult levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens were observed in the age group of 6 months old. 4. No correlation were observed in normal children's sera between agglutinating antibody titre to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ and isohemagglutinin titre. These results indicated that the isohemagglutinins to ABO blood substances appeared in the earlier stage of life than did agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes.

In-line 마그네트론 스퍼터 장치를 사용하여 산소 분위기에서 제작한 Ag 박막의 특성

구대영,김원목,조상무,황만수,이인규,정병기,이택성,이경석,조성훈,Ku, Dae-Young,Kim, Won-Mok,Cho, Sang-Moo,Hwang, Man-Soo,Lee, In-Kyu,Cheong, Byung-Ki,Lee, Taek-Sung,Lee, Kyeong-Seok,Cho, Sung-Hun 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.8

A study was made to examine the electrical, compositional, structural and morphological properties of Ag thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering in $O_2$ atmosphere with deposition temperature from room temperature to 15$0^{\circ}C$ using in-line sputter system. The Ag films deposited at temperature above $100^{\circ}C$ in oxygen atmosphere gave a similar specific resistivity to and even lower oxygen content than those deposited using pure Ar sputter gas The Ag films deposited with pure Ar gas was mainly composed of crystallites with [111] preferred orientation, while, for those deposited in oxygen atmosphere, more than 50% of the volume was composed of crystallites with [100] orientation. The difference in the micro structure did not cause any difference in the specific resistivity of Ag films. The results showed that the transparent conducting oxide films and the Ag films could be processed sequentially in the same deposition chamber with careful control of deposition temperature, which might result in a cost reduction for constructing the large scale in-line deposition system.

運動의 危險性

朴鱗基,白永守,鄭泰相 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1993 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to introduce the risk of exercise to exersize testing or participation. The real and theoretical benefits of regular exercise have promoted this activity not only in healthy individuals. but also in cardiac patients. Exercise is assuming an increasingly important role in preventive medicine and cardiac rehabilitation. Apart from favorable effects on plasma lipids, there is often the experience of even greater psychological benefits, that is, improved in mood, reduced nxiety, and sense of well-being. A through medical evaluation is recommended before starting an exercise program for all individuals with known cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease. Individuals of any age considered at higher risk by the presence of diabetes, hypertension, family history of coronary disease, elevated cholesterol, or smoking may benefit from the screening exercise test before engaging in competitive or recreational sports. Sudden death in sport is a recently recongnized phenomenon for which little scientific information exists. Most previous investigation on sudden death in sport has concentrated on running, track and field sports. Death, directly related to sporting activities is rate. The total risk is low, but the relative risk is increased during vigorous exercise. Risk increases with age and with the intensity of exercise. The basis of clinical studies and our personal experience, most deaths during exercise in the adult population are probably preventable because they occur in individuals exercising under one or more of the following circumstances: no medical clearance, no supervison, the limits of the exercise prescription were exceed, the symptoms during exercise were disregarded. Orthopedic injuries appear to increase exponentially with jog-run types of activities in association with increased the total volume of work done in the program, such as, structural abnomalities, sudden large increases in training, running form, streching habits, warm-up, and cool-down may constitude risk factors. With high risk individuals, a physician should be present during exercise intensity, and energy equipment and qualified personnel should be avaiable for exercise testing of all patients in order to provide life saving emergency are, In addition to significant clinical signs and symptoms.

아태지역 녹색경제 이행과 메콩유역 농업부문 융합혁신 전략 연구

강상인 ( Sang In Kang ),조을생,허장,이대섭,정학균,박준현,제갈운 한국환경정책평가연구원 2016 사업보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

본 연구는 2014년부터 진행된 KEI 녹색경제 협동연구의 일부로 녹색경제 확산을 위한 국제협력 방안을 모색하기 위해 진행된 것이다. 2016년 연구에서는 아태지역 내 주요 개발도상국들의 녹색경제 전환을 위한 정책동향 분석을 첫 번째 목표로 한다. 연구의 두 번째 목표는 메콩유역 국가인 베트남, 캄보디아, 라오스의 농산업부문의 융합혁신을 통한 녹색경제 성장전략 연구이다. 이 같은 두 개 연구목표의 설정은 본 연구의 기획 과정에서 녹색경제 확산이라는 포괄적 협동연구 주제와 메콩지역에 대한 심층연구를 함께 다루도록 결정된 것에 기인한다. 첫 번째 연구목적에 할당된 본 연구의 제2장에서는 먼저 2015년 채택된 UN 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 가운데 물, 에너지, 농산업부문 목표들의 상호 연관성에 대해 분석하였다. 함께 분석된 아태지역 내 주요 개발도상국의 사회경제개발계획은 해당 국가의 녹색경제 이행 동향을 보여주는 것으로 향후 역내 국가들을 대상으로 한 녹색경제 확산 관련 정책연구 기반을 제공하는 것이다. 분석 과정에서 역내 국가들은 공통적으로 사회경제발전계획의 이행에 필요한 개발재원 부족에 직면해 있음이 확인되었으며, 본 장에서는 이를 해결하기 위한 개발금융 및 기후금융 활용방안을 함께 살펴보았다. 제2장 1절에서 살펴본 물과 에너지 및 농업 관련 유엔 SDGs는 상호 밀접한 연관관계를 형성하고 있었으며, 특히 기아해소 및 식량안보와 관련된 농업부문의 목표는 SDGs의 궁극적인 목표라 할 수 있는 빈곤해소의 바탕이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석은 본 과제의 지역연구 대상인 메콩유역의 3국이 농업부문에서 수자원의 효율적 관리와 지속가능한 에너지시스템 적용을 통한 스마트농업을 활성화함으로써 국가경제 전체의 녹색경제 전환을 선도해야 한다는 전략적 정책방향의 타당성을 뒷받침할 수 있는 이론적 근거를 제시하는 것이다. 제2절에서 분석된 아태지역 개발도상국의 사회경제 현황은 세계경제, 특히 중국경제에 대한 높은 의존도로 인해 안정적인 거시경제 운영에 제약을 받고 있음에도 불구하고 녹색경제 전환을 통한 지속가능한 발전을 최상위 국가발전 목표로 설정하고 이를 위한 중장기 계획을 수립, 시행하고 있음을 보여주었다. 3절은 아태지역 대부분의 개발도상국이 공통적으로 당면해 있는 중장기 사회경제발전계획의 이행에 필요한 개발재원 부족 문제를 다루었다. 개발재원 부족은 금융위기로 인한 국가채무의 악화, 중국 경제성장의 둔화로 인한 글로벌 경제성장 동력의 약화와 함께 역내 개발도상국의 지속적인 성장을 저해하는 주요 요인이 되고 있었다. 본 절은 이와 관련하여, 2020년 이후 기후변화협약 교토의정서 체제를 대체할 예정인 파리협정의 체결 및 발효와 함께 그 재원기반을 강화해 갈 녹색기후금융을 비롯하여 국제사회 주요 공여국이 제공하는 개발 금융 재원은 개발도상국 개발재원 제약여건을 완화할 수 있는 유용한 재정수단으로서 향후 우리나라의 역내 개발도상국 대상 녹색경제 협력사업 발굴 추진에 활용될 필요가 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 두 번째 연구 목적에 할당된 본 연구의 제3장과 4장이 다룬 세부연구 주제의 선정과 집필에는 2012년 이후 KEI와 메콩유역 녹색성장 정책연구 네트워크를 구축하고 있는 베트남, 라오스, 캄보디아의 사회과학원(Academy of Social Sciences) 산하 연구기관과 농촌경제 연구원, 세계경제사회연구원이 참여하였다. 연구의 제3장에서는 먼저 메콩유역 3국의 거시경제 현황에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 각국 여건에 부합하는 국가발전 방향을 제시하였다. 이어서 이들 국가의 사회경제발전에 주요한 성장 부문으로 부각되는 농산업부문의 중장기 발전계획과 농산업 가치사슬 개념을 중심으로 농업부문 녹색경제 이행 여건을 분석하고, 스마트농업 융합혁신 정책수요를 도출하였다. 지난 10년간 연평균 6~8%의 경제성장세를 보여준 메콩 3국은 농업부문에서 농업발전전략 2025와 비전 2030(라오스), 농업부문 전략개발계획 2014-2018(캄보디아), 농업생산개발계획 2020과 비전 2030(베트남) 등에서 보듯이 각국에 고유한 녹색경제 전환 관련 농산업부문 발전전략을 채택, 시행하고 있었다. 그러나 농산업 가치사슬의 관점에서는 비료, 농기계, 종자 등 전문화된 투입재 시장의 비활성화, 일부 지역에 국한된 정부지원, 소규모 농가의 수확 후 관리기술 부족, 농산물 수집상 주도의 유통시장구조, 도로와 철도 등의 농산물 유통 인프라의 부족, 1차 농산물의 가공 및 수출역량 부족과 같은 다양한 도전 요인을 안고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 농산업 가치사슬은 농업부문의 전후방 연계 부문을 유기적인 관점에서 통합적으로 살펴볼 수 있는 분석 틀을 제공함으로써, 각 연관 분야에서 보다 효율적인 생산 및 유통 관련 기술혁신 성과도입을 통한 스마트농업 활성화 정책개발에 중요한 개념 틀을 제공해 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 함께 살펴본 주요 재원 및 기술 공여국의 스마트농업 확산과 관련된 기존 협력 사례는 향후 우리나라가 보다 적극적인 농산업부문 개발협력 사업을 추진하는 과정에서 기존 사업과의 중복을 회피할 수 있는 효율적인 정책수립 기반을 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구의 결론에 해당하는 제4장은 앞선 장에서의 주요 연구 결과를 요약하고 도출된 농산업부문에서의 융합혁신 전략의 추진 방향을 제시하는 외에 참여기관 간 논의를 통해 합의된 차년도 공동연구 주제로 메콩유역 차원의 물 관리 및 식량안보 문제에 관한 통합적 접근이라는 후속 연구주제를 제시하였다. 또한 본 연구는 농산업부문의 융합혁신 실천을 위한 실무정책 입안의 관점에서 본 연구에 참여한 메콩 3국의 정책연구기관이 연례 정책연구 협의과정을 통해 공유하고, 이를 실제 정책에 도입해 가는 데 유용한 실천 사례들에 대한 참고 자료를 제공할 목적으로 다양한 현지 사례조사 결과를 부록으로 포함시켰다. 물 관리 효율과 엘리트 벼 종자를 활용한 대체건습시스템, 유기농 새우양식과 산림 및 식량작물을 병행한 수경조림시스템, 모바일 기반의 농가맞춤형 농업정보지원시스템, 농업의 다각화를 통한 통합 농업시스템, 왕겨를 이용한 생산성 향상 사업 등이 국제기구 및 주요국의 농산업 융복합 산업화 정책 확산 및 글로벌 농산업 융합혁신 사례들이다. 부록에 포함된 사례조사 결과들은 농업생산 및 유통과정에서 자원이용 효율성을 높이고 보다 환경 친화적인 생산 및 소비 방식의 실현을 가능케 하는 스마트농업을 비롯하여 기후변화에 대한 취약성이 높은 농산업부문에서 온실가스 배출을 저감하는 동시에 적응 역량 강화에도 기여할 수 있는 새로운 농업 방식으로 정의되는 기후스마트농업의 도입이 농산업부문 발전에 대한 의존도가 높은 메콩 3국의 지속가능발전 및 녹색경제 전환에 관건이 되고 있음을 확인해 주었다. This study was conducted as part of the KEI Green Economy Cooperative Research from 2014 to seek international cooperation methods for the proliferation of green economy. The first research objective of the 2016 study is to analyze policy trends for the transition of green economy to major developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The second objective of the study is a research on green economic growth strategy through convergence innovation in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos agriculture sector in Mekong basin countries. The setting of these two research objectives is based on the decision to deal with the comprehensive cooperative research subject of green economic proliferation and the in-depth study on the Mekong region in the planning process of this study. In the second chapter of this study, which was assigned to the first research objective, we first analyzed the interrelationships among goals of water, energy and agriculture sector of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015. The socioeconomic development plans of the major developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, which are analyzed together, show the trends of green economic transition in the respective countries. In the process of analysis, it has been confirmed that the countries in the region are faced with a shortage of development resources necessary for the implementation of the socioeconomic development plan. This chapter also explored the ways of utilizing development finance and climate finance to solve these problems. The water, energy and agricultural SDGs of the UN have been closely linked to each other, especially in the context of food security and solutions against starvation. The goals of the agricultural sector in relation to food security are poverty reduction, which is one of the ultimate goals of the SDGs. This analysis is based on the strategic direction of the three countries of the Mekong Basin, which are the subject of this project, to lead the transition of the national economy to the green economy through the efficient management of water resources and the activation of smart agriculture through the application of sustainable energy systems. This analysis provides a theoretical basis to support validity. Although the socioeconomic status of developing countries in Asia-Pacific, analyzed in Section 2, has the constraints of stable macroeconomic operations due to the high dependence on the world economy, especially on the Chinese economy, they established and start implementing mid/long-term plans for sustainable development through the green economy transition as the top national development goal. Section 3 addresses the shortage of development resources needed to implement the mid- and long-term socioeconomic development plans that most developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region face in common. The lack of development resources has become a major factor impeding the continued growth of developing countries in the region, with the deterioration of the national debt caused by the financial crisis and the weakening of the global economic growth due to the slowdown of China`s economic growth. In this regard, this section discusses the development of the financial resources provided by major donors of the international community, including the Green Climate Bank, which will strengthen its financial base with the conclusion and entry into force of the Paris Agreement, as a useful financial means to mitigate the constraints on the development financing of developing countries, and it is necessary to utilize them in promoting green economic cooperation projects of Korea in developing countries in the future. The selection and writing of the detailed research topics covered in Chapters 3 and 4 of this study, assigned to the second research objective, which was conducted with Economic Institutes under the Academy of Social Science in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, Rural Economic Research Institute and World Economic and Social Research Institute. In Chapter 3 of this study, firstly, the direction of national development in accordance with the conditions of each country is suggested based on the analysis of macroeconomic situation of the Mekong basin. Then, we analyzed the conditions of the green economy transition in the agricultural sector, focusing on the mid- and long-term development plan of the agricultural sector and the concept of the agricultural value chain, which are major growth sectors in the socio-economic development of these countries, and also, the demand for smart agricultural convergence innovation policy. The three Mekong countries have experienced an average annual growth rate of 6~8% over the last 10 years. As shown in the agriculture development strategy 2025 and vision 2030 (Laos), the agricultural sector strategy development plan 2014-2018 (Cambodia), the agricultural production development plan 2020 and the vision 2030 (Vietnam) in the agriculture sector, were adopting a strategy to develop agriculture sector related to green economy transition which is unique to each country. However, from the viewpoint of the agricultural value chain, it was analyzed that it has various challenge factors. such as, deactivate the special input market such as fertilizer, agricultural machinery, and seeds, government support to a limited region, lack of postharvest management technology of small farmers, agricultural market structure led by agricultural products collecting merchandiser, lack of distribution infrastructure such as roads and railroads, lack of processing primary agricultural products, and lack of export competitiveness. The agricultural industry value chain provides an analytical framework for an integrated view of the front-to-back linkage sector of the agricultural sector. It also provides an important concept frame for the development of smart agricultural activation policies by introducing more efficient production and distribution. The main sources of funding and the existing partnership case related to smart agricultural proliferation by donor countries will provide an effective policy-making basis to avoid overlap with existing projects in the process of Korea`s aggressive agricultural sector development cooperation projects. In addition to summarizing the main research results in the previous chapters, Chapter 4, which is the conclusion of this study, presents the direction of the derived convergence innovation strategy in agriculture sector and the topic of follow-up study as an integrated approach to the water management and food security issues at Mekong Basin as a joint research subject of the next year agreed upon by the participating agencies. This study also suggests that the policy research institutes of the three Mekong countries participating in this study should share their experiences through the annual policy research consultation process from the viewpoint of practical policy formulation for the implementation of convergence innovation in agriculture sector. And various local case studies were included as appendices to provide reference material on useful practices for incorporating this into actual policies. Water management efficiency, alternative wetting system using elite rice seeds, hydroponic fertilizer system that combines organic shrimp farming, forest and food crops, customized agricultural information support system based on mobile, integrated agricultural system through agriculture diversification and productivity improvement project using chaff are the examples of proliferation of the convergence industrialization policy and global agricultural industry convergence innovation of international organizations and major countries. The results of the case studies included in the appendices show that the introduction of smart agriculture, which can increase resource utilization efficiency in agricultural production and distribution processes and enable more environmentally friendly production and consumption methods, and climate smart agriculture, a new agricultural system that can contribute to strengthening adaptation capacity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture sector with high vulnerability to climate change at the same time. And it confirmed that these are the key to the sustainable development and green economy transition of the three Mekong countries, which are highly dependent on agricultural sector development.

癩患者에서 Clofazimine 治療後 皮膚變化

鄭祥立,金仁珠 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1982 慶北醫大誌 Vol.23 No.2

癩病 및 癩反應治療自的으로 clofazimine을 服用한 患者를 對象으로 皮膚色의 變化, 魚鱗癬樣皮膚의 發生 및 組織學的 變化를 관찰한 結果를 다음과 같이 要約한다. 對象患者는 總 102名으로 病歷期間은 10年 以上이 73例(71.6%)로 가장 많았으며 年齡은 40∼49歲가 30例(29.4%)로 가장 많았다. Clofazimine의 服用期間은 1∼2年이 41例(40.2%)로 가장 많았고 服用量은 癩病治療 目的인 경우가 34例(33.3%), 癩反應治療인 경우가 68例(66.7%)로 後者가 2倍나 많았다. Clofazimine 服用後 皮膚色의 變化는 2週부터가 53例(52.0%)로 가장 많았고 色素沈着은 4週부터가 49例(48.0%)로 가장 많았으며 大量服用할수록 빨리 나타났다. 各種 染色에 依한 病理組織學的인 變化로는 眞皮內에 황갈색의 結晶體와 脂肪物質을 볼 수 있었고 基底部에 melanin 色素가 增加되어 있었다. 魚鱗癬樣皮膚는 90例에서 發生하였으며 服用後 2個月부터가 37例(41.1%)로 가장 많았고 12例에서는 전혀 發生하지 않았다. Clofazimine (Lamprene or B663) is a phenazine congener that is used in leprosy, especially sulphone resistance and lepra reaction. Patients treated with the drug may develop red discoloration and dark brown pigmentation of the skin and ichthyosis. The author observed one hundred and two leprosy patients who had developed discoloration, pigmentation and ichthyotic skin after initiating clofazimine therapy, as well as the histopathological findings of those changes. The results are summarized as follows: The duration of the leprosy was mostly more than 10 years (71.6%). Males (75.5%) predominated over females (24.5%) by 3 times, and the highest incidence occurred in the age group between 40 and 49 years (29.4%). For 40.2% of the patients, the duration of the clofazimine treatment was between 1 and 2 years. The number of patients receving a higher dosage, 100-300㎎ per day, for control of a lepra reaction was two times more than those receiving a lower dosage, 300-400㎎ per week, for the general treatment of leprosy. Reddish discoloration was most frequently observed 2 weeks after beginning treatment in 53 patients (52.0%), and 12 of 14 patients who showed discoloration earlier(a week after treatment) were in the higher dosage group. Dark brown pigmentation was most frequently observed 4 weeks after beginning treatment in 49 patients (48.0%), and by the third month, 64 of 68 patients (94.1%) in the higher dosage group showed pigmentation compared to 25 of 34 patients (74.5%) in the lower dosage group. For histopathological evaluation of color-changed skin, various staining methods were used on unstained frozen sections, yellow brown crystals were scattered in the dermis of both discolored and pigmented skin, being more remarkable in the latter. With H & E stain, melanin pigments were markedly increased in the epidermal basal layer, and a faint yellow brown ghost was seen in the pigmented skin. With fat stains using oil-red-O and Sudan Ⅲ, reddish amorphous materials were scattered in and around the cytoplasm of the macrophages of the pigmented skin. Ichthyotic skin was observed in 90 patients, and most frequently 2 months after beginning treatment in 37 patients (41.1%), but it was never observed in 12 of all patients in spite of a continuous intake of the drug for more than a year, thus showing no significant difference between the different dosage groups.

한국인 알코올 의존 환자에서 알코올 대사 효소 유전자형 빈도의 남녀 차이

김성곤,김철민,이덕기,황인복,이현숙,김성연,전은숙,송영상,박제민,최병무,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : There are a number of preceding epidemiological studies reporting gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence. The author investigated gender difference in the frequencies of ADH2 and ALDH2 genoypes between the patients with alcohol dependence and normal control. Methods : The subjects were 141 alcohol dependent patients (104 males, 37 females) and 138 normal control (79 males, 59 females). The frequencies of 1/1 and 1/2+2/2 (2+ afterward) genotypes for ADH2 and ALDH2 were investigated in male and female between alcohol dependence and normal control group. DNA was extracted from WBC in peripheral venous blood and PCR-RFLP method was used out for genotyping. Results : First, the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than normal control in both genders. Second, while there was no gender difference in the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype in normal controls, in the patient group however, the frequency was significantly higher in females than males. Third, in male subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher than in male normal control subjects. On the other hand, in female subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 2+ genotype was significantly higher than in female normal control subjects. Conclusion : These results suggest that while the risk of alcohol dependence is predominantly affected by ALDH2 1/1 geno-type in male, the female ADH2 1/1 genotype is mainly associated with the risk of alcohol dependence. This means that there are gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence.

만성 복부대동맥 폐색증

김상준,이태승,하종원,정인목 대한혈관외과학회 1998 Vascular Specialist International Vol.14 No.1

Chronic abdominal aortic occlusion(CAO) is a rare entity and poses a particular management challenge. It shows a spectrum of clinical presentations due to chronic progression and suprarenal thrombus progression. Ongoing debate over the proximal thrombus propagation leading to renal and mesenteric artery occlusian results in controvetsy regarding the need of in-line aortic recanstruction with proximal thromboendarterectomy(TEA). To evaluate the management and surgical outcome of chronic abdominal aortic occlusion, a retrospective study of 24 patients surgically treated for angiographically documented CAO between September, 1986 and September, 1997 was conducted. Male to female ratio was 22:2 with a mean age of 56.8 yaes(range: 33-71 years). Mean follow-up period was 55.0 montbs. All patients presented with sympoms of vascular insufficiency of lower limbs including claudication in 10(41.7%), rest pain in 11(45.8%) and tissue loss in 3(12.5%). Impotence was present in 59.1% in men. Locaticm of aortic occlusion was distributed in juxtarenal and above(11, 45.8%) and infrarenal(13, 54.2%). Associated visceral arterial involvement included 18 inferior mesenteric arterygMA) occlusion, 8 renal artery(RA) stenosis and 1 superior mesenteric artery(SMA) occlusion. Infrainguinal arteries were involved in 11 patients(45.8%) including 9 superficial femoral artery obstruction. Aortobifemoral bypass(AoBF) grafts were implanted all but one case, which was treated with an axillobifemoral bypass(AxBF). In AoBF, proximal thrombectomy or thromboendarterectomy was performed and, in most cases, end to end anastomosis is favored in proximal anastomosis due to possibility of pmximal thrombus propagation. Concomitant visceral revascularizations were performed in selected cases(2 renal, 2 IMA) with inflow procedures. The operative mortality rate was 4.2%(1/24) and the perioperative morbidity rate was 37.5%. AoBF inflow procedures yielded 1, 5-year primary patency rate of 95.5% and 89.1%, respectively. The one AxBF graft was occluded graft at 26 days after surgery. Two patients died and the 5-year survival rate for AoBF was 95.7%. There was no statistical change in renal function between preand postoperative periods. Follow-up renal dysfunction(serum creatinine levels$gt;2.0 mg/dl) was documented in two patients, and one patient developed acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Aortobifemoral bypass following proximal thromboendarterectomy is the optimal treatment modality with high patency rate in chronic abdominal aortic occlusion. Visceral artery reconsttuction in clmically significant stenosis and judicious attention for prevention of renal damage in pararenal thrombectomy under supratenal clamping are helpful for better outcome in chronic abdominal aortic occlusion.

이종 면역글로불린인 Artroglobina^(�)에 의한 슬관절의 골성관절염치료

문명상,이인주 최신의학사 1982 最新醫學 Vol.25 No.10