Enhanced Drug Carriage Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Combating Diabetic Nephropathy via Mitigation of Renal Apoptosis

Asmita Samadder,Banani Bhattacharjee,Sudatta Dey,Arnob Chakrovorty,Rishita Dey,Priyanka Sow,Debojyoti Tarafdar,Maharaj Biswas,Sisir Nandi,Asmita Samadder 대한약침학회 2024 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.27 No.1

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of chronic hyperglycaemia affecting normal kidney functioning. The ayurvedic medicine curcumin (CUR) is pharmaceutically accepted for its vast biological effects. Objectives: The Curcuma-derived diferuloylmethane compound CUR, loaded on Poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was utilized to combat DN-induced renal apoptosis by selectively targeting and modulating Bcl2. Methods: Upon in silico molecular docking and screening study CUR was selected as the core phytocompound for nanoparticle formulation. PLGA-nano-encapsulated-curcumin (NCUR) were synthesized following standard solvent displacement method. The NCUR were characterized for shape, size and other physico-chemical properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies. For in vivo validation of nephro-protective effects, Mus musculus were pre-treated with CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. and NCUR at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. (dose 1), 12.5 mg/kg b.w (dose 2) followed by alloxan administration (100 mg/kg b.w) and serum glucose levels, histopathology and immunofluorescence study were conducted. Results: The in silico study revealed a strong affinity of CUR towards Bcl2 (dock score –10.94 Kcal/mol). The synthesized NCUR were of even shape, devoid of cracks and holes with mean size of ~80 nm having –7.53 mV zeta potential. Dose 1 efficiently improved serum glucose levels, tissue-specific expression of Bcl2 and reduced glomerular space and glomerular sclerosis in comparison to hyperglycaemic group. Conclusion: This study essentially validates the potential of NCUR to inhibit DN by reducing blood glucose level and mitigating glomerular apoptosis by selectively promoting Bcl2 protein expression in kidney tissue.

Ameliorative Effects of Syzygium jambolanum Extract and its Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nano-encapsulated Form on Arsenic-induced Hyperglycemic Stress: A Multi-parametric Evaluation

Asmita Samadder,Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh,Sreemanti Das,Jayeeta Das,Avijit Paul 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.6

In South East Asia, groundwater arsenic contamination has become a great menace. Chronic arsenic intoxication leads to a hyperglycemic condition in animals and man. Because of undesirable side-effects and affordability, orthodox medicine, like insulin, is not preferred by many who like natural products instead. Unfortunately, such natural products mostly lack scientific validation. Therefore, we became interested in assessing the efficacy of the ethanolic seed extract of Syzygium jambolanum (SJ), traditionally used against diabetic conditions. We also formulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-encapsulated nano-SJ (NSJ) and tested whether the ameliorative potentials of SJ could be enhanced by nano-encapsulation. In this study, we conducted both in vitro (in L6 cells) and in vivo (in mice) experiments to assess the relative efficacy of SJ and NSJ. We characterized the physico-chemical features of NSJ by atomic force microscopy and critically analyzed several bio-markers and signal proteins associated with arsenicinduced stress and hyperglycemia. We also determined the relative ameliorative potentials of SJ and NSJ by using standard protocols. NSJ could cross the blood brain barrier in mice. Overall results suggested that NSJ had a greater potential than that of SJ, indicating the possibility of using NSJ in the future drug design and management of arsenicinduced hyperglycemia and stress.

The Potentized Homeopathic Drug, Lycopodium clavatum (5C and 15C) Has Anti-cancer Effect on HeLa Cells In Vitro.

Asmita Samadder,Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh,Sreemanti Das,Jayeeta Das,Avijit Paul,Naoual Boujedaini 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.4

Cancer is a disease that needs a multi-faceted approach from different systems of medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether homeopathically-potentized ultra-high dilutions of Lycopodium Clavatum (LC-5C and LC-15C, respectively) have any anti-cancer effects on HeLa cells. Cells were exposed to either LC-5C (diluted below Avogadro's limit, i.e., 10−10) or LC-15C (diluted beyond Avogadro's limit, i.e., 10−30) (drug-treated) or to 30% succussed ethanol (“vehicle” of the drug). The drug-induced modulation in the percent cell viability, the onset of apoptosis, and changes in the expressions of Bax, Bcl2, caspase 3, and Apaf proteins in inter-nucleosomal DNA, in mitochondrial membrane potentials and in the release of cytochrome-c were analyzed by utilizing different experimental protocols. Results revealed that administration of LC-5C and LC-15C had little or no cytotoxic effect in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but caused considerable cell death through apoptosis in cancer (HeLa) cells, which was evident from the induction of DNA fragmentation, the increases in the expressions of protein and mRNA of caspase 3 and Bax, and the decreases in the expressions of Bcl2 and Apaf and in the release of cytochrome-c. Thus, the highly-diluted, dynamized homeopathic remedies LC-5C and LC-15C demonstrated their capabilities to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, signifying their possible use as supportive medicines in cancer therapy.

Impact of Arsenic Pollution in Drinking Water on Life Expectancy: A GIS Study

Sukha Ranjan Samadder 대한토목학회 2010 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.14 No.5

This paper reports the impact of arsenic pollution on life expectancy, which is the most widely used indicator of measurement of health status of a population. The study area includes six central administrative blocks of the district Murshidabad of West Bengal,India. About 1.25 million people are exposed to arsenic pollution in this area of whom 0.38 million people are exposed to arsenic concentration above 0.05 mg/L, the WHO maximum permissible level of arsenic in drinking water. The impact of arsenic pollution on life expectancy was forecast based on the total number of death cases expected in each of the six blocks due to arsenic pollution in drinking water. The age-specific crude death rate data required to calculate life expectancy was collected from the Registrar General of India and modified for the death cases forecast due to arsenic pollution for the study area. Arsenic pollution adjusted life expectancy was calculated for different age groups of the people of each of the blocks under study. The study reveals that life expectancy at birth and at other age groups is highly affected by the arsenic pollution in all the six blocks. More than 26% of the study area is severely affected as life expectancy of the people living in this area may reduce considerably by the impact of arsenic in groundwater if they experience life long exposure. Blocks Beldanga-1, Domkal and Bhagabangola-1 are of major concern as the reduction in life expectancy is more compared to that of the other blocks of the district. Some of the mouzas (sub-areas/groups of villages and hamlets) of blocks Beldanga-1, Domkal and Hariharpara are highly affected, as the reduction in life expectancy in those areas is more than 23%.

Impact of Arsenic Pollution on Spatial Distribution of Human Development Index

Sukha Ranjan Samadder 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.6

This paper reports the impact of arsenic pollution on Human Development Index (HDI) that shows the development standard of a society, country, or a region. HDI is the average of the three dimension indices of Education, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Life Expectancy. The study area includes six peripheral administrative blocks of the district Murshidabad of West Bengal, India. About 1.07 million people are exposed to arsenic pollution in this area of whom 0.32 million people are exposed to arsenic concentration above 0.05 mg/L, the WHO maximum permissible level of arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic concentration in groundwater in this area ranges from 0 to 0.35 mg/L. Three dimension indices of HDI were calculated to observe the impact of arsenic pollution on HDI. Life expectancy index was the main cause of reduction in HDI as it was affected by arsenic pollution in groundwater. The study revealed that HDI was highly affected by the arsenic pollution in all six blocks analyzed as HDI was reduced up to 25% due to reduction in life expectancy because of arsenic pollution in groundwater. Blocks Lalgola and Raninagar-2 are of major concern as the observed reduction in HDI was as high as 20 to 25% in some of the mouzas (sub-areas/groups of villages and hamlets) of these two blocks where arsenic pollution in groundwater was very high (0.25 to 0.35 mg/L). The study demonstrated a quantitative and widely acceptable method for the public health engineers to go for proper planning of alternative water supply schemes and management of arsenic mitigation options on a priority basis.

Nanopharmaceutical Approach for Enhanced Anti-cancer Activity of Betulinic Acid in Lung-cancer Treatment via Activation of PARP: Interaction with DNA as a Target -Anti-cancer Potential of Nano-betulinic Acid in Lung Cancer-

Das, Jayeeta,Samadder, Asmita,Das, Sreemanti,Paul, Avijit,Khuda-Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: This study examined the relative efficacies of a derivative of betulinic acid (dBA) and its poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nano-encapsulated form in A549 lung cancer cells in vivo and in co-mutagen [sodium arsenite (SA) + benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)]-induced lung cancer in mice in vivo. Methods: dBA was loaded with PLGA nanoparticles by using the standard solvent displacement method. The sizes and morphologies of nano-dBA (NdBA) were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their intracellular localization was verified by using confocal microscopy. The binding and interaction of NdBA with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) as a target were analyzed by using conventional circular dichroism (CD) and melting temperature (Tm) profile data. Apoptotic signalling cascades in vitro and in vivo were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the ability of NdBA to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also examined. The stage of cell cycle arrest was confirmed by using a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) data analysis. Results: The average size of the nanoparticles was ~ 110 nm. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the presence of NdBA in the cellular cytoplasm. The bio-physical properties of dBA and NdBA ascertained from the CD and the Tm profiles revealed that NdBA had greater interaction with the target DNA than dBA did. Both dBA and NdBA arrested cell proliferation at G0/G1, NdBA showing the greater effect. NdBA also induced a greater degree of cytotoxicity in A549 cells, but it had an insignificant cytotoxic effect in normal L6 cells. The results of flow cytometric, cytogenetial and histopathological studies in mice revealed that NdBA caused less nuclear condensation and DNA damage than dBA did. TEM images showed the presence of NdBA in brain samples of NdBA fed mice, indicating its ability to cross the BBB. Conclusion: Thus, compared to dBA, NdBA appears to have greater chemoprotective potential against lung cancer.

Nanopharmaceutical Approach for Enhanced Anti-cancer Activity of Betulinic Acid in Lung-cancer Treatment via Activation of PARP: Interaction with DNA as a Target -Anti-cancer Potential of Nano-betulinic Acid in Lung Cancer-

Jayeeta Das,Asmita Samadder,Sreemanti Das,Avijit Paul,Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: This study examined the relative efficacies of a derivative of betulinic acid (dBA) and its poly (lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) nano-encapsulated form in A549 lung cancer cells in vivo and in co-mutagen [sodium arsenite (SA) + benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)]-induced lung cancer in mice in vivo. Methods: dBA was loaded with PLGA nanoparticles by using the standard solvent displacement method. The sizes and morphologies of nano-dBA (NdBA) were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their intracellular localization was verified by using confocal microscopy. The binding and interaction of NdBA with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) as a target were analyzed by using conventional circular dichroism (CD) and melting temperature (Tm) profile data. Apoptotic signalling cascades in vitro and in vivo were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the ability of NdBA to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also examined. The stage of cell cycle arrest was confirmed by using a fluorescence- activated cell-sorting (FACS) data analysis. Results: The average size of the nanoparticles was ~ 110 nm. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the presence of NdBA in the cellular cytoplasm. The bio-physical properties of dBA and NdBA ascertained from the CD and the Tm profiles revealed that NdBA had greater interaction with the target DNA than dBA did. Both dBA and NdBA arrested cell proliferation at G0/G1, NdBA showing the greater effect. NdBA also induced a greater degree of cytotoxicity in A549 cells, but it had an insignificant cytotoxic effect in normal L6 cells. The results of flow cytometric, cytogenetial and histopathological studies in mice revealed that NdBA caused less nuclear condensation and DNA damage than dBA did. TEM images showed the presence of NdBA in brain samples of NdBA fed mice, indicating its ability to cross the BBB. Conclusion: Thus, compared to dBA, NdBA appears to have greater chemoprotective potential against lung cancer.

WEAK AND STRONG CONVERGENCE CRITERIA OF MODIFIED NOOR ITERATIONS FOR ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN THE INTERMEDIATE SENSE

Banerjee, Shrabani,Choudhury, Binayak Samadder Korean Mathematical Society 2007 대한수학회보 Vol.44 No.3

In this paper weak and strong convergence theorems of modified Noor iterations to fixed points for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense in Banach spaces are established. In one theorem where we establish strong convergence we assume an additional property of the operator whereas in another theorem where we establish weak convergence assume an additional property of the space.

Score Based Risk Assessment of Lung Cancer and its Evaluation for Bangladeshi People

Mukti, Roushney Fatima,Samadder, Pratul Dipta,Emran, Abdullah Al,Ahmed, Farzana,Imran, Iqbal Bin,Malaker, Anyanna,Yeasmin, Sabina Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: The problem of cancer, especially lung cancer, is very acute in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to evaluate the risk of lung cancer among Bangladeshi people based on hereditary, socio-economic and demographic factors. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 208 people (patients-104, controls-104) from January 2012 to September 2013 using a structured questionnaire containing details of lung cancer risk factors including smoking, secondhand smoke, tobacco leaf intake, age, gender, family history, chronic lung diseases, radiotherapy in the chest area, diet, obesity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and income. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypotheses were used for the analysis using SPSS software (version 20). Results: According to this study, lung cancer was more prevalent in males than females. Smoking was the highest risk factor (OR=9.707; RR=3.924; sensitivity=0.8872 and P<0.0001) followed by previous lung disease (asthma, tuberculosis etc.) (OR=7.095; RR=1.508; sensitivity=0.316 and P<0.0001)) for male patients. Highly cooked food (OR=2.485; RR=1.126; sensitivity=0.418 and P=0.004)) and also genetic inheritance (OR=1.93; RR=1.335; sensitivity=0.163 and P=0.138) demonstrated significant correlation with lung cancer as risk factors after these two and alcohol consumption was not prevalent. On the other hand, for female patients, tobacco leaf intake represented the highest risk (OR=2.00; RR=1.429; sensitivity= 0.667 and P=0.5603) while genetic inheritance and highly cooked food also correlate with lung cancer but not so significantly. Socioeconomic status and education level also play important roles in causing lung cancer. Some 78.5% male and 83.3% of female cancer patients were rural residents, while 58.2% lived at the margin or below the poverty line. Most male (39.8%) and female (50.0%) patients had completed only primary level education, and 27.6% male and 33.3% female patients were illiterate. Smoking was found to be more prevalent among the less educated persons. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate the importance of creating awareness about lung cancer risk factors among Bangladeshi people and making appropriate access to health services for the illiterate, poor, rural people.

Weak and Strong convergence criteria of modified Noor iterations for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense

Shrabani Banerjee,Binayak Samadder Choudhury 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회보 Vol.44 No.3

In this paper weak and strong convergence theorems of mod-ied Noor iterations to xed points for asymptotically nonexpansive map-pings in the intermediate sense in Banach spaces are established. In onetheorem where we establish strong convergence we assume an additionalproperty of the operator whereas in another theorem where we establishweak convergence assume an additional property of the space.