家族治療의 技法

Salvador Minuchin 대한신경정신의학회 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.6

An Educator's Perspective : Search for a New View of God and the Harmony of Religions

Salvador, Samuel M. 선문대학교 통일사상연구원 2000 통일사상 연구논총 Vol.7 No.-

Family Remittances and the “De-risking” The Case of Mexico

( Salvador Velazquez B. ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2017 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.1 No.2

Mexican migrants in the USA are first class Mexicans. It is in general the risk-taker population, hardworking, who has a different work ethics, compare to the average American worker. They give a different value to their labor and the remuneration that they perceive for that effort. Some are prosperous entrepreneurs. Success stories abound throughout America. They are far away from the political campaigns in Mexico, in which to their regret, they are incorporated in political speeches with highly demagogic content. They are generally skeptical of the political agendas of migrant associations in the USA. For this reason, among others, are the most likely to repudiate acts of corruption; and are, in a word, highly rational users (consumers) for the electronic remittances market. They migrate by looking for an initial point of contact, usually a close relative, who gives them first aid and probably a first job that serves as an “induction course” to the American work culture. From there, they move to any part of the Union in constant search for a better job; that is why one will always find Mexican labor in virtually all the 50 US’ states. It is at that moment that migrants experience the first need to send money to their homeland abroad. It is likely that the first money remittance will be partly used to pay for their travel expenses (expenses of the “pollero”) and partly to give initial support to their families. They are also absolutely wise in their spending decisions, savings and consumption of services. As a result of the threats that the new US government is launching, now under the umbrella of power -with a surrealist seriousness -in Mexico, expressions that call for “unity”, have emerged. As it is already in the public domain, one of these “initiatives” of the Trump Administration is to tax remittances particularly to Mexico and other Latin-American and Caribbean countries, to prevent undocumented migrants from having access to the service or both associated measures. The viability of these initiatives remains to be seen. However, in the search for spaces that require us to converge on unity, it is necessary to address the danger that has already existed for some years over the environment in Mexico of remittances payment.

The Influence of Migration on Human Capital Development

Salvador Contreras 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.3

This paper develops a general equilibrium overlapping generation model of migrant and domestic households that reside in one of two countries, one rich and one poor. The model is used to analyze the impact of migration on human capital development. The model shows that migration, with remittances to non-migrant poor households, has a positive impact on non-migrant households’ human capital accumulation (‘brain gain’). The model shows that migration (or the option of) induces human capital investment. However, it is shown that remittances have a negative impact on the growth that migrant households enjoy in the rich country. In addition, strong links to source country reduce the educational attainment of second-generation migrant households.

Acupuncture Points and Their Relationship with Multireceptive Fields of Neurons

Salvador Quiroz-Gonzalez,Sergio Torres-Castillo,Rosa Estela Lopez-Gomez,Ismael Jimenez Estrada 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.2

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture points (APs) have been emphasized as key elements that generate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. At the spinal cord or supraspinal level, sensory neurons located in the dorsal horn receive an extensive supply of sensory information from skin and muscle receptors through peripheral afferent nerves. The stimulated skin area that influences the activity of a spinal sensory neuron is known as the peripheral receptive field (RF) of that neuron. By considering that a particular AP location involves the activation of one or various RFs, it can be assumed that several sensory central neurons are the site of convergence of the peripheral input generated by acupuncture stimulation. However, stimulation on nonacupoint sites could also activate skin areas with RFs that have been sensitized, and they could be involved in the generation of nonspecific effects of acupuncture, as seen in clinical practice. From the latter, it is suggested that effective APs, and even nonacupoints, are associated with a particular arrangement of RFs, and their study will be useful for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of acupuncture and for the development and identification of more efficient sites and modes of acupuncture stimulation to evoke optimal therapeutic actions.

LOS PROYECTOS PRODUCTIVOS DE LAS MUJERES RURALES COMO UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA ELIMINAR LA POBREZA

Salvador González Andrade,Rocío Rosas Vargas Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2013 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.3 No.1

Resumen. Este artículo reconoce que la política pública implementada en México dirigida a mujeres rurales pobres se ha caracterizado por el enfoque en su papel reproductivo (madre y esposa). En 1972 se creó el programa llamado Unidades Agrícolas Industriales para la Mujer (uaim). Este esquema tenía como objetivos principales crear uaim con mujeres no ejidatarias mayores de 16 años en cada ejido, dotarlas con una parcela para el grupo, crear trabajo en el sector rural para ellas realizando procesos de transformación de los productos de los ejidos. Las mujeres de las uaim han implementado diversos proyectos productivos tendientes a mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Este documento analiza el desempeño de las uaim en el estado de Guanajuato y determina en qué medida los proyectos productivos han contribuido a la disminución de la pobreza. Con base en una muestra estadística, los resultados indican que las uaim que tuvieron los mayores beneficios son las que recibieron apoyos gubernamentales económicos, de capacitación y de gestión y también que las lideresas juegan un papel relevante. Se concluye que el desarrollo de proyectos productivos ha tenido un pequeño y limitado impacto en el ingreso y en la disminución de la pobreza. Abstract. This article recognizes the public policy implemented in Mexico to help poor rural women was characterized by the focus on their reproductive role (mother and wife). In 1972 the program called Agricultural Industrial Units for Women (UAIM) was created. This scheme had as one of its main objectives to create UAIMs for women that are not ejidatarias over 16 years of age in each ejido, by providing them with a parcel for the group, and creates jobs in rural areas for processing products in the ejidos. Women in UAIMs have implemented various production projects aimed at improving their living conditions. This paper aims to analyze the performance of UAIMs in the state of Guanajuato and determine how productive projects have contributed to the reduction of poverty. Based on a statistical sample, the results indicate that UAIMs that had the greatest benefits are those that received government support, training and management. Another result is that women also played an important role. We conclude that the development of production projects had a limited impact on income and reducing a poverty. Palabras clave: Unidad Agrícola Industrial para la Mujer (uaim), actividades productivas, mujeres campesinas, desarrollo rural, trabajo rural femenino. Key words: Agricultural Industrial Units for Women (uaim), productive activities, women farmers, rural development and rural feminine work.

Parental Quality Investment, Child Effort, and Human Capital Accumulation

Salvador Contreras 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.3

This paper develops a theoretical model that explores the effects of child investment on human capital accumulation. Household investment effects are measured as a function of quality of investment choices, time allocation, child effort, and spillover effects. The theory dynamics are derived by employing a two-period OLG model. The model dynamics reveal the existence of multiple steady states of quality investment and child human capital accumulation under two stages of development. These dynamics show why poor households are often unable to escape poverty. Empirically, the theory and dynamics are tested with United States data. The data suggest that for poor households, income and parental human capital have no significant effect on child performance at school. Child effort and parental quality investment are shown to be significant determinants of child performance at school across household types.

Reduction of headache intensity and frequency with maxillary stabilization splint therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders–headache comorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Salvador L. Manrriquez,Kenny Robles,Kam Pareek,Alireza Besharati,Reyes Enciso 대한치과마취과학회 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.3

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of maxillary stabilization splint (SS) therapy to reduce headache (HA) intensity and HA frequency in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)-HA comorbidity. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using full-arch coverage, hard resin, and maxillary SS therapy were included. Electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE through PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, were searched. The risk of bias was analyzed based on Cochrane’s handbook. The search yielded 247 references up to January 28, 2020. Nine RCTs were included at a high risk of bias. The comparison groups included other splints, counseling, jaw exercises, medications, neurologic treatment, and occlusal equilibration. Four studies reported a statistically significant reduction in HA intensity, and five studies reported significant improvement in HA frequency from baseline at 2-12 months in patients with TMD-HA comorbidity treated with a full-arch hard maxillary SS. HA frequency in tension-type HA (TTH) comorbid with TMD diagnoses of myofascial pain (MFP) or capsulitis/synovitis improved significantly with SS than that with full-arch maxillary non-occluding splint (NOS) in two studies. Comparison groups receiving hard partial-arch maxillary splint nociceptive trigeminal inhibition (NTI) showed statistically significant improvements in HA intensity in patients with mixed TMD phenotypes of MFP and disc displacement comorbid with “general HA.” Comparison groups receiving partial-arch maxillary resilient/soft splint (Relax) showed significant improvements in both HA intensity and frequency in patients with HA concomitant with MFP. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the improvement of pain intensity at 2-3 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch soft [Relax], hard [NTI], and full-arch NOS) or splint use compliance at 6-12 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch Relax and full-arch NOS) versus the SS groups in patients with various TMD-HA comorbidities. In conclusion, although SS therapy showed a statistically significant decrease in HA intensity and HA frequency when reported, the evidence quality was low due to the high bias risk and small sample size. Therefore, further studies are required.

Continuity of spectra and compact perturbations

Salvador Sanchez-Perales,Slavisa V. Djordjevic 대한수학회 2011 대한수학회보 Vol.48 No.6

In this note we give conditions for continuity of spectrum, approximative point spectrum and defect spectrum on the set {T}+K(X), where T∈B(X) and K(X) is the set of compact operators.

Cord Dorsum Potentials Evoked by Electroacupuncture Applied to the Hind Limbs of Rats

Salvador Quiroz-González,Bertha Segura-Alegría,José Carlos Guadarrama-Olmos,Ismael Jiménez-Estrada 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.1

The longitudinal distribution of the cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) produced by electro- acupuncture (EA) stimulation at acupuncture points (APs) located on the hind limbs of rats was analyzed in this study. Single electrical pulses (0.05 ms, 1 Hz) applied to the bladder (BL) and the gallbladder (GB) APs produced CDPs on several spinal segments and were composed of the following four components: an afferent volley, two negative components (N₁and N₂), and one positive component (P wave). The larger evoked CDPs differed in their rostrocaudal distributions depending on the stimulated AP site, with those evoked by GB32e33 (at L3) and GB36e37 (at L4) being more caudal than those generated by BL58e59 (at L5) and BL37e38 (at L6). The CDPs produced by stimulating nonacupoints (NAPs) showed similar components and rostrocaudal distributions that were smaller in amplitude than those evoked by stimulating APs. The CDPs produced by stimulating NAPs located on a meridian acupuncture area were similar in amplitude and longitudinal distribution to those produced by stimulating APs. Our results suggest that the specificity of EA stimulation for CDPs responses is mainly related to an activa-tion of meridian pathways associated with peripheral nerve routes rather than to a restricted point specificity of APs.