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JOURNEY TO ‘FOREIGN LANDS’, VOYAGES BY BOATS AND THE TRAGEDY OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM BANGLADESH
Saifur Rashid 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2016 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2016 No.5
In the last couple of decades, Bangladesh has become a significant human trafficking hub, which links South Asia to the Gulf region; to Southeast Asia and to the further states. Trafficking of a huge number of people by boat (about 150,000 in 18 months from January 2014 to June 2015) from Bangladesh to Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia received special attention from both local and international media and the world communities. Especially, the issue of the use of force, fraud and coercion for human trafficking across international borders has become very crucial for anthropological and sociological investigation. This paper reviews major challenges for the conceptual clarification and empirical inquiry of labor trafficking from Bangladesh, though much of the current literature on human trafficking in Bangladesh has focused on the sexual exploitation of women and children. Many NGOs and International organizations still have of the opinion that in recent year, labor trafficking has perhaps become far more prevalent than sex trafficking from Bangladesh. Thus, the present paper intends to delineate the current state of human trafficking, characteristic features of the victims, their life experience and trafficking trajectory, modus operandi of traffickers, and anti-trafficking policies of the government. The paper is primarily based on the study of some news published in May –June 2015 in the local and international news and electronic media on trafficking of Ruhingya refugees (living in the South West Bangladesh since 1992) and the poor Bangladeshis to a number of Southeast Asian countries through maritime route by boats. Some narratives of the victims have also been delimited in the paper to picture the roots, routes and magnitudes of labor trafficking from Bangladesh and to show how the innocent people of Bangladesh, who are seeking a better life are being tricked and exploited by the traffickers into the nether world of modern slavery. The main objectives of this paper are to examine whether the i) ‘dramatic increase of population and decrease of labor markets in Bangladesh’, ii) ‘the failure of the government in recruiting Bangladeshi labor force in foreign countries through legal way’s, iii) ‘the increasing immigration restrictions by several countries, and the complicated processes, procedures and high cost involvement in acquiring visas and legal migration’ or iv) ‘the traffickers false promise of no cost or low cost involvement, and easy conditions of migration are the major causes for increasing human trafficking from Bangladesh or not.
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Md. Saifur Rahman,김영균,Md Maruf Khan,이상훈,최윤희,조승식,박철환,유진철 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.11
A robust alkaline pectinase PNs31 was produced from Bacillus subtilis CBS31 that was isolated from kimchi (a traditional Korean fermented food). The isolated strain CBS31 was identified as having 99.93% similarity to Bacillus subtilis subsp. The PNs31 was purified to homogeneity using two-step column purification, with an estimated 13.6% pectinase yield and 29.2-fold purity. The molecular mass (~35 kDa) and the N-terminal sequence residues of PNs31 established it as a novel pectinolytic enzyme. PNs31 was stable in the alkaline pH range (9-14) and up to 70 oC and had an optimum pH and temperature were 12.2 and 60 oC, respectively. PNs31 had definite Vmax and Km values of 220.43 mmol/min and 0.42mg/mL, respectively, when different concentrations (5 to 50mg/mL) of pectin were used as substrate. To develop the functional stability and reusability of the pectinase enzyme, PNs31 was immobilized in calcium alginate beads. The result was that the immobilized enzyme maintained approximately 83% and 65% relative activity in the second and third cycles of reusability experiments, respectively.
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A Simple and Robustness Algorithm for ECG R- peak Detection
Md Saifur Rahman,ChulhyungChoi,Young-pil Kim,Sikyung Kim 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.5
There have been numerous studies that extract the R-peak from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. All of these studies can extract R-peak from ECG. However, these methods are complicated and difficult to implement in a real-time portable ECG device. After filtration choosing a threshold value for R-peak detection is a big challenge. Fixed threshold scheme is sometimes unable to detect low R-peak value and adaptive threshold sometime detect wrong R-peak for more adaptation. In this paper, a simple and robustness algorithm is proposed to detect R-peak with less complexity. This method also solves the problem of threshold value selection. Using the adaptive filter, the baseline drift can be removed from ECG signal. After filtration, an appropriate threshold value is automatically chosen by using the minimum and maximum value of an ECG signals. Then the neighborhood searching scheme is applied under threshold value to detect R-peak from ECG signals. Proposed method improves the detection and accuracy rate of R-peak detection. After R-peak detection, we calculate heart rate to know the heart condition.
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M. Saifur Rahman, M. Gias Uddin, M. Badrul Alam, Jin Cheol Yoo 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.3
To simplify the different biological investigation of the methanolic extract and solvent-solvent partitioning of Lablab purpures (L. purpures) bark. In-vitro anti-oxidant study was determined using total DPPH radical scavenging assay. In vitro antimicrobial study was measured by observing zone of inhibition. The cytotoxic activity was studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption method. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. The Aqueous soluble fraction revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 48.76 μg/mL). The antimicrobial screening of the bark of L. purpures exhibited mild to moderate activity in test microorganisms. The CSF showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Salmonella parathyphi (34.2%) for bacteria and C. albicans (28.8%) for fungi whereas, lowest relative percentage inhibition against Sarcina lutea (22.0%) for bacteria and Aspergillus niger (24.4%) for fungi. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, The LC50 values of Carbon tetrachloride and N-Hexane soluble fraction were found 92.18 μg/mL, and 68.95 μg/mL respectively while the LC50 values of standard Vincristine sulphate was 1.37 μg/mL. The methanolic extract and its organic soluble fractions of Lablab purpureus at concentration 2.0 mg/mL, significantly protected the lysis of erythrocyte membrane induced by hypotonic solution and heat as compared to the standard, acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL). The MSF and AQSF produced 61.48 % and 53.75% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution respectively, whereas acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) showed 76.42%. Ethanol extract of L. purpures and all of its different partitions exhibited moderate thrombolytic activity of 37.25%-2.40%. Very good preliminary screening and simplified experiments were able to show the different biological activity of methanolic extract and its soluble fractions of L. purpures at a time.
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On the Definition of Intuitionistic Fuzzy h-ideals of Hemirings
Rahman, Saifur,Saikia, Helen Kumari Department of Mathematics 2013 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.53 No.3
Using the Lukasiewicz 3-valued implication operator, the notion of an (${\alpha},{\beta}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of a hemiring is introduced, where ${\alpha},{\beta}{\in}\{{\in},q,{\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}{\vee}q\}$. We define intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) of a hemiring R and investigate their various properties. We characterize intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) and (${\alpha},{\beta}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of a hemiring R by its level sets. We establish that an intuitionistic fuzzy set A of a hemiring R is a (${\in},{\in}$) (or (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q$) or (${\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of R if and only if A is an intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds (0, 1) (or (0, 0.5) or (0.5, 1)) of R respectively. It is also shown that A is a (${\in},{\in}$) (or (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q$) or (${\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}$))-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal if and only if for any $p{\in}$ (0, 1] (or $p{\in}$ (0, 0.5] or $p{\in}$ (0.5, 1] ), $A_p$ is a fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal. Finally, we prove that an intuitionistic fuzzy set A of a hemiring R is an intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) of R if and only if for any $p{\in}(s,t]$, the cut set $A_p$ is a fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of R.
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Rahman, M. Saifur,Uddin, M. Gias,Alam, M. Badrul,Yoo, Jin Cheol The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.3
To simplify the different biological investigation of the methanolic extract and solvent-solvent partitioning of Lablab purpures (L. purpures) bark. In-vitro anti-oxidant study was determined using total DPPH radical scavenging assay. In vitro antimicrobial study was measured by observing zone of inhibition. The cytotoxic activity was studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption method. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. The Aqueous soluble fraction revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=48.76{\mu}g/mL$). The antimicrobial screening of the bark of L. purpures exhibited mild to moderate activity in test microorganisms. The CSF showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Salmonella parathyphi (34.2%) for bacteria and C. albicans (28.8%) for fungi whereas, lowest relative percentage inhibition against Sarcina lutea (22.0%) for bacteria and Aspergillus niger (24.4%) for fungi. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, The $LC_{50}$ values of Carbon tetrachloride and N-Hexane soluble fraction were found $92.18{\mu}g/mL$, and $68.95{\mu}g/mL$ respectively while the $LC_{50}$ values of standard Vincristine sulphate was $1.37{\mu}g/mL$. The methanolic extract and its organic soluble fractions of Lablab purpureus at concentration 2.0 mg/mL, significantly protected the lysis of erythrocyte membrane induced by hypotonic solution and heat as compared to the standard, acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL). The MSF and AQSF produced 61.48 % and 53.75% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution respectively, whereas acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) showed 76.42%. Ethanol extract of L. purpures and all of its different partitions exhibited moderate thrombolytic activity of 37.25%-2.40%. Very good preliminary screening and simplified experiments were able to show the different biological activity of methanolic extract and its soluble fractions of L. purpures at a time.
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Rahman, Md. Saifur,Yoo, Jin Cheol The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.4
The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro potential of methanolic seed extract of Abelmoschus esculentus as a natural antioxidant. The DPPH activity of the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (10, 20, 40, 80, and $160{\mu}g/mL$) was increased in a dose dependent manner, which was found in the range of 18.97-90.47% as compared to ascorbic acid 26.44-93.71%. The $IC_{50}$ values of Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EAES) and ascorbicacid in DPPH radical scavenging assay were obtained to be 28.12 and $18.43{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Measurement of polyphenol content of the EAES of A. esculentus seed was achieved using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent containing 53.80 mg/g of total phenolic content, which was found signicantly higher when compared to reference standard gallic acid. Similarly total flavonoids and proabthocyanidis of EAES and chloroform soluble fraction (CAES) were found significantly 147 mg/g and 14.24 mg/g respectively when both compared to reference standard quercetin. EAES exhibited high significant lipid peroxidation inhibition effects in a dose-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values of $38.08{\mu}g/mL$, whereas, standard quercetin, with $IC_{50}$ value of $36.67{\mu}g/mL$. All extract/fractions showed dose dependent reducing power ability and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that A. esculentus seed has a signicant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent.
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