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Demand Response Considering Participation Rate in Smart Grid
Ryuto Shigenobu,Atsushi Yona,Tomonobu Senjyu 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
High penetration of distributed generators (DGs), using renewable energy sources (RESs), is raising some important issues in the operation of modern power system. The power output of RESs fluctuates very steeply, and that include uncertainty with weather conditions. This situation causes voltage deviation and reverse power flow. Several methods have been proposed for solving these problems. Fundamentally, these methods involve reactive power control for voltage deviation and/or the installation of large battery energy storage system (BESS) at the interconnection point for reverse power flow. In order to reduce the installation cost of static var compensator (SVC), Distribution Company (DisCo) gives reactive power incentive to the cooperating customers. On the other hand, photovoltaic (PV) generator, energy storage and electric vehicle (EV) are introduced in customer side with the aim of achieving zero net energy homes (ZEHs). This paper proposes not only reactive power control but also active power flow control using house BESS and EV. Moreover, incentive method is proposed to promote participation of customers in the control operation. Demand response (DR) system is verified with several DR menu. To create profit for both side of DisCo and customer, two level optimization approach is executed in this research. Mathematical modeling of price elasticity and detailed simulations are executed by case study. The effective of proposed incentive menu is demonstrated by using heuristic optimization method.
Ryuto Shigenobu,Atsushi Yona,Tomonobu Senjyu 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
Distributed Generators (DGs) using Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) have a huge economical and environmental potential. However, high penetration of DGs in distribution systems cause voltage deviations beyond the statutory range, and can cause reverse power flow toward the substation transformer. It is essential to control and maintain the distribution voltage within proper range to ensure both a stable power supply and good power quality. To accomplish this, an autotap- changer pole transformer (ATCTr) is introduced to solve this problem. However, the ATCTr is more expensive than ordinary pole transformers. Minimizing the voltage deviation as well as minimizing the introduction cost of an ATCTr have a trade-off relationship. Accordingly, this paper presents the application of multi-objective optimization methods in order to minimize the voltage deviation while simultaneously minimizing the number of introduced ATCTrs and finding an optimum placement of the ATCTrs to attain optimum operation of the distribution system.