고등학교 홈베이스 유형별 공간구성 특성에 관한 연구 - 부산시 고교학점제 운영 학교를 중심으로 -

왕뤄한(Wang, Ruo-Han),박수빈(Park, Soo-Ben) 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study is to compare space and furniture arrangements by type of homebase in high schools and to present homebase design guideline enables to propose a physical environment that can improve students creative abilities. Literatures and documents including principles of homebase design as to high school credit system and concepts and characteristics of homebases were reviewed. Three high schools were selected that are currently operating a high school credit system in Busan in order to analyze homebase location, furniture and equipment arrangement: floor plans were collected and photographed, and field investigation was conducted. The results and conclusions are as follows. (1) School A has an alcove type homebase, which is separated according to gender. The space with same function is divided into two, so the efficiency of the space is reduced. (2) School B has the hall-type homebase. Due to the nature of the building, it has same effect as being located in the middle of the curriculum block. Space zoningaccording to functions supports diverse activities of students. (3) School C has the homebase facing to the hallway. The open space layout allows students to use it efficiently during short breaks between classes and allows teachers to get close to students outside of class hours.

신 환경 패러다임 인식을 활용한 계단식 논에 대한 경제적 가치 추정연구

당약함(Tang, Ruo-Han),문준호(Moon, Joon-Ho),이원석(Lee, Won-Seok),박선우(Park, Sun-Woo) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2019 호텔경영학연구 Vol.28 No.4

Molecular and Cellular Microbiology / Biomedical Sciences : Surface-Displayed IL-10 by Recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum Reduces Th1 Responses of RAW264.7 Cells Stimulated with Poly(I:C) or LPS

( Ruo Peng Cai ),( Yan Long Jiang ),( Wei Yang ),( Wen Tao Yang ),( Shao Hua Shi ),( Chun Wei Shi ),( Jing Tao Hu ),( Wei Gu ),( Li Ping Ye ),( Fang Yu Zhou ),( Qing Long Gong ),( Wen Yu Han ),( Guil 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2

Recently, poly-γ-glutamic acid synthetase A (pgsA) has been applied to display exogenous proteins on the surface of Lactobacillus casei or Lactococcus lactis, which results in a surfacedisplayed component of bacteria. However, the ability of carrying genes encoded by plasmids and the expression efficiency of recombinant bacteria can be somewhat affected by the longer gene length of pgsA (1,143 bp); therefore, a truncated gene, pgsA, was generated based on the characteristics of pgsA by computational analysis. Using murine IL-10 as an exogenous gene, recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum was constructed and the capacity of the surface-displayed protein and functional differences between exogenous proteins expressed by these strains were evaluated. Surface expression of IL-10 on both recombinant bacteria with anchorins and the higher expression levels in L. plantarum-pgsA’-IL-10 were confirmed by western blot assay. Most importantly, up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with Poly(I:C) or LPS was exacerbated after co-culture with L. plantarum-pgsA. By contrast, IL-10 expressed by these recombinant strains could reduce these factors, and the expression of these factors was associated with recombinant strains that expressed anchorin (especially in L. plantarum-pgsA’-IL-10) and was significantly lower compared with the anchorin-free strains. These findings indicated that exogenous proteins could be successfully displayed on the surface of L. plantarum by pgsA or pgsA’, and the expression of recombinant bacteria with pgsA’ was superior compared with bacteria with pgsA.

Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China

Chun-Li Lu,Ruo-Xiang Zheng,Xue Xue,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Xue-Han Liu,Xin-Yan Jin,Feng-Lan Pu,Hui-Di Lan,Min Fang,Ling-Yao Kong,Merlin Willcox,Bertrand Graz,Joelle Houriet,Xiao-Yang Hu,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines. Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.

DNA methylation and mRNA expression of COL6A3 in antler mesenchyme of female and male reindeer

Jian‑Cheng Zhai,Ruo‑Bing Han,Sheng‑Nan Wang,Qiang‑Hui Wang,Yan‑Ling Xia,Wei‑Shi Liu,Ya‑Jie Yin,He‑Ping Li 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.9

Backgroud Reindeer is the only deer species that both male and female produce antlers, which provides a particularly interesting case in studying the differences between antlers of the two sexes. Alpha 3(VI) Collagen Gene (COL6A3), forms a microfibrillar network associated with the structural integrity and biomechanical properties, has been found to be one of the differentially expressed genes in antler mesenchyme of female and male reindeer. Objective and Methods The promoter sequence of reindeer COL6A3 gene was obtained using the cloning technology and analyzed by the bioinformatics methods. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to detect the methylation status of the COL6A3 promoter in reindeer antler mesenchyme. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect COL6A3 expression in the antler mesenchyme of female and male reindeer. Results Sequence analysis revealed that the reindeer COL6A3 partial promoter sequence was 983 bp including the possible promoter region at + 105 bp to + 155 bp. Homology and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the COL6A3 promoter of reindeer had the closest genetic distance with Bos taurus, Capra hircus and Ovis aries. BSP results indicated that the methylation level of COL6A3 promoter in the female reindeer antler mesenchyme was significantly higher than in the male. Correlating with increased methylation status, we also found that COL6A3 mRNA expression in female reindeer antler mesenchyme was significantly lower than in the male. Conclusion The higher methylation level of the COL6A3 gene in female reindeer antler mesenchyme coincides with decreased COL6A3 mRNA expression, thereby affecting the transposon silencing mechanism and possibly contributing to apparent differences of antlers in female and male reindeer.

Antecedents of Duty Free Shop Willingness to Pay

Myungkeun Song,Joonho Moon,Ruo-Han Tang 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.12 No.1

Purpose - This study aims to examine the antecedents of willingness to pay in the domain of duty free shop. Design/methodology/approach - This study chooses willingness to pay as explained variable. The candidates of explanatory variables are price fairness, brand awareness, employee service, product diversity, and crowding. This study uses survey to explore the linear relation between variables. This research collected data using online panel data collection service. The number of valid observation is 265. The research targe is Lotte duty free store. Statistical analysis was for statistical inference. To attain the information of survey respondents, frequency analysis is employed. Next, this study implemented exploratory factor analysis and reliability to ensure both validity and reliability of measurement items. This study executed multiple regression analysis to test research hypotheses Findings - Regrading results, brand awareness, employee service, and product diversity are positively associated with willingness to pay of duty free shop product. Moreover, the results of regression analysis suggest the inverted-U shape association between crowding and willingness to pay. However, price fairness appeared as non-significant variable to account for willingness to pay in the multiple regression analysis. Originality - This study contributes to the literature by examining duty free shop customers more.

인지심리학 기반 포스터의 은유성 분석 연구 - 세계 자연보호기금(WWF) 동물보호 공익 광고를 중심으로 -

리얜화 ( Li Yan Hua ),쑨뤄슈 ( Sun Ruo Shu ),한문박 ( Han Wen Bo ),왕의난 ( Wang Yi Nan ) 한국상품문화디자인학회 2023 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.72 No.-

공익광고는 인간의 사회활동 중 가장 흔한 공익의 형태로, 시각적인 형식을 통해 올바른 가치관과 행위방식을 사회에 알리는 것으로, 인류가 지구 생태계를 파괴하는 것은 오늘날 인류가 직면해야 할 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 본문은 세계자연보전기금(WWF)이 홍보하는 은유 공익포스터를 연구하여 공익포스터의 홍보효과에 대한 개선의견을 제시하는 동시에 향후 은유 공익포스터의 디자인 전략을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 인지심리학의 이론적 개념을 바탕으로 인지과정의 세 가지 인지요소 즉 주의, 기억, 인식을 도출하였다. 세 가지 인지 요소의 개념을 통해 세 가지 시각적 영향 요인, 즉 차별성, 유사성 및 의미 확장을 도출했다. 다음으로 포스터의 네 가지 디자인 요소(이미지, 컬러, 레이아웃, 타입)를 통해 포스터의 인지적 요소와 시각적 요소를 분석한다. 은유의 개념에 따라 포스터의 이미지를 본체와 유체로 나누고 최종적으로 포스터를 분석하기 위한 분석틀을 만든다. 결과로부터 은유 포스터는 식별하기 쉬운 효과가 필요하며 시청자는 포스터 이미지와 은유 이미지를 통해 연상할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 주의 효과가 있는 포스터는 기억하기 쉬운 효과가 없고 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지다. 주의 효과는 기억 효과보다 포스터에서 더 일반적으로 사용된다. 시각인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 차원으로 분석해 보면 포스터와 함께 의미 확장되는 특징을 가지고 있기 때문에 시청자들은 포스터 이미지와 은유 이미지를 통해 두 이미지의 의미를 서로 확장시켜 궁극적으로 은유적인 효과를 만들어낸다. 셋째, 은유 포스터의 차별성과 의미 확장은 매우 중요하며 가장 은유적인 포스터를 형성하기 위한 필요한 조건이다. 마지막으로 위의 결론에 따라 은유 포스터의 디자인을 위한 디자인 전략과 제안을 제공한다. Public interest advertising is the most common form of public interest among human social activities, promoting the right values and manner of conduct to the society through visual forms. This study, based on the theoretical concept of cognitive psychology, derived the three cognitive elements of the cognitive process: attention, memory and cognition. Through the concept of three cognitive factors have derived three visual impact factors, namely differentiability, similarity and semantic extension. Next, through the four design elements of the poster, the cognitive elements and visual elements of the poster are analyzed. According to the concept of metaphor, divide the poster’s image into body and body fluid, and finally build an analysis frame to analyze the poster. It can be seen from the results that metaphor posters need an effect that is easy to identify and viewers can associate through poster images and metaphor images. Second, posters with attention effect have no catchy effect and vice versa. The attention effect is more commonly used in posters than the memory effect. Analyzed from the dimension of factors that affect visual perception, it is found that they have the feature of meaning expansion with posters. Therefore, viewers extend the meaning of the two images to each other through poster images and metaphor images, ultimately producing a metaphorical effect. Third, the differentiation and meaning extension of metaphor posters are very important, and are necessary and sufficient conditions to form the most metaphorical posters. Finally it provides design strategies and suggestions for the design of metaphor posters according to the above conclusions.

지하공간 내 휴게공간의 사용자 행태에 관한 연구 - 부산시 덕천역 지하철을 중심으로 -

왕제(Wang, Jie),왕뤄한(Wang, Ruo-Han),박수빈(Park, Soo-Ben) 한국주거학회 2023 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of the study was conducted by dividing literature review and survey research to compare and analyze user behavior in the rest area in the underground space. Using Jan Gehl’s behavior classification method, various behaviors of underground space users were classified into three types, and spatial factors and user usage behaviors at Deokcheon Station in Busan were investigated. The results of the study are as follows. Area A is located in a corner, so spatial territoriality can be formed. There are natural elements such as water and green spaces, which induce a lot of people to sit down and relax. Area B is adjacent to the underground shopping mall, so there are many humans and space mobility is good, so it is necessary to manage the route and secure the width of the space.

해산물에 대한 지불의도에 대한 연구: 제주도 사례를 중심으로

문준호 ( Joon-ho Moon ),당약함 ( Ruo-han Tang ),송명근 ( Myung-keun Song ) KNU기업경영연구소 2021 기업경영리뷰 Vol.12 No.2

해안 지역 관광에 있어서 음식의 소비는 하나의 중요한 영역으로 볼 수 있지만 해산물 소비에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 탐구한 연구는 다소 미미하게 진행되었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 측면을 보완하기 위하여, 본 연구는 제주 해산물 소비자들의 지불의도에 영향을 미치는 변수에 대한 탐구를 하는 것을 주된 목적으로 한다. 지불의도를 설명하기 위한 요인으로 본 연구는 가격공정성, 위험, 혼잡도, 상품 다양성을 주된 요인으로 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 설문을 주된 수단으로 이용하였다. 자료 수집을 위하여 본 연구는 제주공항에서 관광객들을 대상으로 직접 설문 조사를 실시하였으며 252부의 설문을 자료 분석에 이용하였다. 본 연구는 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인 분석 및 신뢰도 검증, 상관관계 분석 및 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 제시된 가설을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 제주도 해산물 지불의도에 있어서 가격공정성과 상품다양성은 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타난 반면, 적절한 수준의 혼잡도는 지불의도를 극대화 시키는데 도움을 주는 요인으로 판명되었다. 즉, 혼잡도와 지불의도는 역U자 모양의 관계를 갖는 요인으로 나타났다. 하지만, 분석 결과는 위험은 소비자들의 제주 해산물 지불의도에 영향을 미치지 않는 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 제주해산물 판매자들에게 경영관련 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 측면에서 실무적 시사점을 갖는다. Despite the importance of seafood in the domain of marine tourism, scant studies have investigated the characteristics of seafood consumers. In order to affiliate this void, this research is to investigate the determinants of sea food willingness to pay in the area of Jeju island. As the candidates of explanatory variables, this research employees price fairness, risk, diversity, and crowding. The main instrument of this research is survey. Also, this study performed field survey at Jeju airport. Then, this study used 252 observations for the data analysis. To analyze the data, this study carried out frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Regarding the results, price fairness and diversity positively affects the willingness to pay. Also, the results presents that the adequate level of crowding maximizes the willingness to pay. Namely, there is an inverted U-shape association between crowding and willingness to pay. However, risk is identified as non-significant attribute to account for willingness to pay. The results of this research could offer the information for the management of seafood. This could become the practical implication of this research.

Study on the constitutive behavior and hot deformation characteristic of Mg-4Sm-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy

Zhong-Yi Cai,Chao-jie Che,Ruo-Han Chang,Li-Ren Cheng,Qing-Min Chen 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.3

Mg–4Sm–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy is a new type of heat-resistant magnesium alloy, it has the mechanical properties similar to EZ33 alloy but is much cheaper than EZ33 in cost since Samarium (Sm) rather than Nd was employed in the alloy. In this paper, based on isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 350–450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001–1.0 s−1, the Arrhenius-type constitutive equations for this alloy were established, and the hot working flow behavior and the microstructures of the alloy were examined. To evaluate the hot deformation mechanisms and determine the optimal processing parameters, 3D processing maps under different deformation conditions were developed according to the dynamic material model and Muthy instability criterion. The hot extrusion experiments were carried out, and the results show the predictions of processing maps are in agreement with the experimental results.