http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Mexico, 2000-2010
Anaya-Ruiz, Maricruz,Vallejo-Ruiz, Veronica,Flores-Mendoza, Lilian,Perez-Santos, Martin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3
The objective of this study was to investigate the recent incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in Mexican females. Data between 2000 and 2010 from the Department of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health, and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated. The absolute incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased: 3,726 and 4,615 in 2000 to 8,545 and 4,966 in 2010, respectively. Incidence increased over time in all age groups tested, the 60-64 age group had the highest ASR (57.4 per 100,000 women in 2010), while the 20-44 age group had the lowest ASR (12.3 in 2010). The results show that incidence of breast cancer has increased in Mexico during last one decade, especially among older women, while the downturn observed in mortality mainly reflects improved survival as a result of earlier diagnosis and better cancer treatment.
LA EXPERIENCIA EN PRISIÓN DE EXPOLICÍAS SENTENCIADOS POR SECUESTRO EN MÉXICO
Miquel Ángel Ruiz Torres,Elena Azaola Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2012 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.2 No.2
Resumen. Durante el primer mes de la presidencia de Felipe Calderón en 2006, los reclusos condenados por el delito de secuestro fueron concentrados en módulos de alta seguridad en algunas cárceles mexicanas. Esta política de agrupación de tales internos se dijo obedecer a la necesidad de incrementar la seguridad y vigilancia alrededor de los delincuentes más peligrosos. Entre ellos había ex policías encarcelados como consecuencia de varias sentencias en su contra por delitos de privación ilegal de libertad (además de otros delitos) cometidos durante el ejercicio de su labor profesional. En general, estos ex policías expresaron la creencia de que con su encarcelamiento se había cometido una enorme injusticia contra ellos. Basándose en diferentes entrevistas etnográficas llevadas a cabo a finales de 2006 en la penitenciaría de Santa Martha Acatitla, ubicada en la Ciudad de México, a un total de 35 reclusos varones ex policías (que constituían el total de los mismos en dicho módulo), este artículo trata de comprender por qué estos hombres continuaban sintiéndose inocentes a pesar de reconocer en muchos casos haber cometido el crimen por el que se les condenaba. El objetivo principal de este texto es evaluar hasta qué punto la experiencia carcelaria precarizada y subordinada que viven estos presos viene marcada por los requerimientos de las reglas informales que asumieron y de la identidad social que pactaron cuando fueron policías. Teniendo en cuenta el itinerario interrumpido de los ex policías que los ha llevado a estar encerrados, este artículo pretende aportar conocimiento sobre el alcance de la relación y los elementos compartidos entre la cultura policial y la cultura carcelaria. Buscando estos nexos en común se harán algunas aportaciones a la discusión teórica sobre qué rasgos comparten y cómo se construyen aquellas culturas locales que surgen del dispositivo institucional jurídico punitivo del Estado y de sus efectos de poder sobre individuos y cuerpos especialmente en relación a los modos de vida generados como consecuencia de las prácticas informales e ilegales. Abstract. During the first months of President Felipe Calderon in 2006 prisoners convicted of kidnapping were concentrated in high-security modules in some Mexican prisons. This policy of grouping prisoners obeyed, as the rulers, the need for increased security and safety on the most dangerous criminals. Among them were ex police officers jailed as a result of judgments against him for crimes of kidnapping (and other crimes) committed in the exercise of their professional work. Between the ex police officers there was a common belief that they have been unfairly treated. Based on different ethnographic interviews conducted in late 2006 in the prison of Santa Martha Acatitla, located in Mexico City, to a total of 35 male ex police officers inmates (being all the ex police in prison module), this article tries to explain in part why these men kept feeling innocents regardless of the fact that they didn’t deny having been committed the crime they have been charged with. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate to which extends the precarious existence these inmates have in prison has to do with the requirements and informal rules they learned and the social identity they agree while they were police officers. Taking into account the interrupted itinerary they had as police officers, this article tries to yield some knowledge between the share elements of the police and the prison subcultures. Trying to identify those common elements, we participate in the theoretical debate about those common features and about how those subcultures are built as a result of the punitive State power and of its effects in individuals and their bodies, especially in relation to a way of life that is a consequence of informal and illegal practices. Miquel Ángel Ruiz Torres ∙ Elena Azaola 141 Palabras Clave: Policía, prisión, secuestro, cultura policial, cultura carcelaria Key Words: Police, prison, kidnapping, police culture, prison culture
Martha Graciela Ruiz-Gutiérrez,Carlos Abel Amaya-Guerra,Armando Quintero-Ramos,Teresita de Jesús Ruiz-Anchondo,Janeth Alejandra Gutiérrez-Uribe,Juan Gabriel Baez-González,Daniel Lardizabal-Gutiérrez,K 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
The effects of red cactus pear encapsulationusing spray drying with soluble fiber were evaluated. Cactus pear juice was mixed with 15, 22.5, or 30% solublefiber and dried at 160, 180, or 200ºC. Juice showed highlevels of polyphenols, quercetin, kaempferol, isoharmetin,betacyanins, betaxanthins, and a high antioxidant activity. Increased soluble fiber amounts significantly (p<0.05)increased the pH, aw, water solubility index (WSI), L*, andb* values. Levels of polyphenols and betacyanins decreasedsignificantly (p<0.05) as the soluble fiber content and thedrying temperature increased, respectively. Encapsulationat 160ºC and 22.5% of soluble fiber yielded good physicalproperties and high bioactive compounds. Microscopicanalysis showed spherically shaped capsules, the shapewas affected by the concentration of added soluble fiber. Low soluble fiber concentrations were associated withmore collapsed capsules. Soluble fiber for encapsulatingcactus pear resulted in a powder with good properties thatcan be used as a food ingredient.
A cost-effective method to prepare size-controlled nanoscale zero-valent iron for nitrate reduction
Claudio Adrian Ruiz-Torres,Rene Fernando Araujo-Martinez,Gabriel Alejandro Martinez-Cas,J. Elpidio Morales-Sanchez,Tae-Jin Lee,Hyun-Sang Shin,Yuhoon Hwang,Abel Hurtado-Macias,Facundo Ruiz 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective tool in applied environmental nanotechnology, where the decreased particle diameter provides a drastic change in the properties and efficiency of nanomaterials used in water purification. However, the agglomeration and colloidal instability represent a problematic and a remarkable reduction in nZVI reactivity. In view of that, this study reports a simple and cost-effective new strategy for ultra-small (< 7.5%) distributed functionalized nZVI-EG (1-9 ㎚), with high colloidal stability and reduction capacity. These were obtained without inert conditions, using a simple, economical synthesis methodology employing two stabilization mechanisms based on the use of non-aqueous solvent (methanol) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilizer. The information from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests iron ion coordination by interaction with methanol molecules. Subsequently, after nZVI formation, particle-surface modification occurs by the addition of the EG. Size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 4.23 ㎚ and the predominance (> 90%) of particles with sizes < 6.10 ㎚. Evaluation of the stability of functionalized nZVI by sedimentation test and a dynamic light-scattering technique, demonstrated very high colloidal stability. The ultra-small particles displayed a rapid and high nitrate removal capacity from water.
Complete decentralized displacement control algorithm
Ruiz-Sandoval, M.E.,Morales, E. Techno-Press 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.11 No.2
Control systems have been greatly studied in recent years and can be classified as: passive, active, semi-active or hybrid systems. Most forms of control systems have been applied in a centralized manner where all the information is sent to a central node where control the algorithm is then calculated. One of the possible problems of centralized control is the difficulty to scale its application. In this paper, a completely decentralized control algorithm is analytically implemented. The algorithm considers that each of the control systems makes the best decision based solely on the information collected at its location. Semi-active control is used in preference to active control because it has minimal energy consumption, little to no possibility of destabilization, a reduction in the possibility of data saturation, and a reduction in the response time in comparison to centralized control.
Effects of Candida norvegensis Live Cells on In vitro Oat Straw Rumen Fermentation
Ruiz, Oscar,Castillo, Yamicela,Arzola, Claudio,Burrola, Eduviges,Salinas, Jaime,Corral, Agustin,Hume, Michael E.,Murillo, Manuel,Itza, Mateo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.2
This study evaluated the effect of Candida norvegensis (C. norvegensis) viable yeast culture on in vitro ruminal fermentation of oat straw. Ruminal fluid was mixed with buffer solution (1:2) and anaerobically incubated with or without yeast at $39^{\circ}C$ for 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h. A fully randomized design was used. There was a decrease in lactic acid (quadratic, p = 0.01), pH, (quadratic, p = 0.02), and yeasts counts (linear, p<0.01) across fermentation times. However, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and ammonia-N increased across fermentation times (quadratic; p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively). Addition of yeast cells caused a decrease in pH values compared over all fermentation times (p<0.01), and lactic acid decreased at 12 h (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, yeast counts increased (p = 0.01) at 12 h. C. norvegensis increased ammonia-N at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01), and IVDMD of oat straw increased at 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01) of fermentation. Yeast cells increased acetate (p<0.01), propionate (p<0.03), and butyrate (p<0.03) at 8 h, while valeriate and isovaleriate increased at 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01). The yeast did not affect cellulolytic bacteria (p = 0.05), but cellulolytic fungi increased at 4 and 8 h (p<0.01), whereas production of methane decreased (p<0.01) at 8 h. It is concluded that addition of C. norvegensis to in vitro oat straw fermentation increased ruminal fermentation parameters as well as microbial growth with reduction of methane production. Additionally, yeast inoculum also improved IVDMD.
Estudio Sobre la Religio´n en la Cultura Maya
Ruiz, Enrique 단국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.-
마야문명은 많은 연구가들에게 있어 하나의 커다란 수수께끼였으며 오랜 세월동안 많은 관심을 불러일으켜 온 동시에 그속에 담긴 신비를 벗기고자 하는 노력이 지속되어 왔다. 마야문명을 분석해보고자 하는 사람은 누구나 이제껏 존재해 온 가장 발달한 문화앞에 서게 될 것이다. 마야문명은 기원전 150년경 발생되었으며 기원후 15세기 경에 몰락하였다. 마야의 역사를 연구해 보면 두번에 걸친 번영기가 있었음을 알 수 있다. 첫번 시기는 기원후 650년에서 800년까지인데 이 시기에 마야의 인구는 300만명이 넘었다. 두번째 융성기는 900년에서 1150년경으로 이 시기가 지난 얼마 후 마야는 쇠퇴의 길을 걷게 되며 일부지역에서는 완전히 소멸해버리고 말았다. 현재는 멕시코와 과테말라 국경근처의 일부 마야부락이 존재하고 있을 따름이다. 마야 문명이 전개되었던 지역은 다음의 셋으로 구분된다. 1) 남부마야지역 : 현 과테말라와 엘살바도르 양국을 포함하는 지역. 2) 중부마야지역 : 멕시코의 치아파스주와 따바스꼬주를 포함하는 지역. 3) 북부마야지역 : 멕시코 유까딴반도 북부지대에 위치한 지역. 이 연구의 목적은 마야의 종교의 개괄과 이 종교가 마야문명발전에 있어 끼친 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 마야의 종교에 관한 자료로는 스페인 사람들이 남겨놓은 기록과 마야의 역사기록 현재 남아 있는 마야유적 및 벽화가 있다. 마야의 역사기록서로는 "엘 칠란발람"과 "뽀뽈부"가 있는데 두번째 책은 스페인어로 번역이 되어있고 이 책에는 마야종교의 여러가지 측면을 연구할 수 있는 주요자료가 들어 있다. 효율적 연구를 위해서 본 논문은 다음의 여러 항목으로 분류되도록 하였다. a) 우주론 : 마야인들은 13개의 공간으로 나뉘어져 있는 하늘의 존재를 믿었다. 하늘은 4명의 神에 의해 지탱되고 있는데 그들은 "베까베神"이라고 한다. 마야인들은 이 세계는 거대한 악어의 등위에 놓여져 있다고 믿었으며 영혼의 불멸 또한 믿었다. 그리고 사후의 세계가 선하든 악하든 간에 존재한다고 믿었다. b) 神 : 마야인들은 많은 신을 섬겼는데 대체로 4명씩 짝을 지웠다. 그들은 天神, 地神 그리고 地下의 神을 갖고 있었다. c) 사제계국 : 모든 종교는 종교의식을 행하며 이를 주관하는 사제계급이 있게 마련이다. 사제계급은 마야에 있어 특수층이었으며 특수교육을 받도록 되었다. d) 제사 : 마야족도 다른 미주지역의 원주민들과 마찬가지로 제사를 지냈다. e) 춤 : 춤은 종교의식과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있으며 매우 다양한 형태가 있다. f) 주문 : 이 내용은 주로 "뽀뽈부"에서 발견되는데 제사의식에서 사용되며 다양한 형태가 본 논문의 주제는 매우 광범위하나 결론적으로 마야문명에 있어 종교가 차지했던 역할은 매우 지대했음을 지적할 수 있겠다.