ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer transparent electrode for highly-efficient ITO-Free polymer solar cells

Rui Xu,Kai Yang,Yue Zang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.3

Ultrathin metal film (UTMF) with a ZnO/Ag/ZnO hybrid structure was used as transparent electrode in a highefficiency bulk heterojunction system for the fabrication of ITO-free polymer solar cells. The performance of the devices was carefully tuned through optical simulation using transfer matrix method by varying the thickness of ZnO seed layer and thin absorber layer. By employing appropriate device architecture, polymer solar cells fabricated using this UTMF-based electrode show efficiency as high as 9.49%, which is slightly higher compared to that of ITO-based device. From good agreement between the external quantum efficiency and optical modeling, it was found that the optimized microcavity configuration formed in UTMF-based device can greatly enhance the absorbance of the BHJ layer at longer wavelength as well as the favored exciton distribution for better charge transport and collection.

Periodic Solutions of a Delayed Population Model with One Predator and Two Preys

Rui Xu,M. A. J. Chaplain,F. A. Davidson 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.4

A delayed periodic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with one predator and two preys is investigated. By using Gaines and Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and by constructing appropr iate Lyapunov functionals, a set ofeasily veriable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence, uniqueness and global stability of positive periodic solutions to the model.

An Optimization of CORDIC Algorithm and FPGA Implementation

Rui Xu,Zhanpeng Jiang,Hai Huang,Changchun Dong 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.6

ASIC and FPGA ASIC and FPGA are considered to be the ideal platform for special fast calculations because of the hardware structure, and how to achieve computational algorithm by is the hotpot of research. The CORDIC (Coordinate Rotational Digital Computer) can break the basis functions down to operations of shift and addition or subtraction, which can be used to lay the foundation for the realization of complex logic. But the functions selected by traditional CODIC for angle encoding are too complex, which will lead to some problems, such as too much of area consumption and large delay. In this paper, an optimization of CORDIC algorithm are proposed, which reduce the consumption of Adders and comparators, decrease the complexity and delay of the algorithm implement in hardware. The proposed algorithms are modeled in Verilog Hardware Description Language and implemented with FPGA. The simulation results show that the functions of sine and cosine are realized successfully, and the proposed algorithm not only improves the computation speed but also reduces the system hardware resources.

Remarkable impact of steam temperature on ginsenosides transformation from fresh ginseng to red ginseng

Xu, Xin-Fang,Gao, Yan,Xu, Shu-Ya,Liu, Huan,Xue, Xue,Zhang, Ying,Zhang, Hui,Liu, Meng-Nan,Xiong, Hui,Lin, Rui-Chao,Li, Xiang-Ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: Temperature is an essential condition in red ginseng processing. The pharmacological activities of red ginseng under different steam temperatures are significantly different. Methods: In this study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed to distinguish the red ginseng products that were steamed at high and low temperatures. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were used to determine the influential components of the different samples. Results: The results showed that different steamed red ginseng samples can be identified, and the characteristic components were 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 in red ginseng steamed at low temperature. Meanwhile, the characteristic components in red ginseng steamed at high temperature were 20R-ginsenoside Rs3 and ginsenoside Rs4. Polar ginsenosides were abundant in red ginseng steamed at low temperature, whereas higher levels of less polar ginsenosides were detected in red ginseng steamed at high temperature. Conclusion: This study makes the first time that differences between red ginseng steamed under different temperatures and their ginsenosides transformation have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. The results suggested that the identified chemical markers can be used to illustrate the transformation of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing.

Enhancement of thermal-electrical like response by flexoelectric effect in sodium bismuth titanate bilayer ceramics with compositional inhomogeneity

Xu Rui,Xia Baoju,Jeong Dae-Yong,Chu Baojin 한국세라믹학회 2024 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.61 No.1

Owing to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramics with different compositions, ceramics with a compositional gradient generate the macroscopic strain gradient during sintering process, which may generate a macroscopic internal electric potential by the flexoelectric effect. Here we show that the bilayer Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based ceramics with high electrical conductivity exhibits a thermal-electrical like response, which are larger than that of the single-layer ceramics. We propose that if the surfaces and the interface layer of the bilayer ceramics are inhomogeneously deformed under the influence of the temperature and compositional gradient, the bilayer ceramics can generate the flexoelectric-like response. The coupling of conductivity with this response results in the thermal-electrical like response.

Expression and Significance of Microsomal Prostaglandin Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and Beclin-1 in the Development of Prostate Cancer

Xu, Lu-Wei,Qian, Ming,Jia, Rui-Peng,Xu, Zheng,Wu, Jian-Ping,Li, Wen-Cheng,Huang, Wen-Bin,Chen, Xing-Guo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and Beclin-1 in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections with rabbit polyclonal against mPGES-1 and Beclin-1 in 40 PCa, 40 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 normal prostate specimens for this purpose. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied for mRNA expression of mPGES-1 and Beclin-1, while MTT assays were used to ascertain the best working concentration of the mPGES-1 inhibitor (CAY10526). The effect of CAY10526 treatment on expression of Beclin-1 in DU-145 cells was studied using Western blot analysis. Localization of Beclin-1 and mPGES-1 was in endochylema. Significant differences in expression was noted among PCa, BPH and normal issues (P<0.05). Beclin-1 expression inversely correlated with mPGES-1 expression in PCa tissue (P<0.05). CAY10526 could significantly block mPGES-1 expression and the proliferation of DU-145 cells (P<0.05), while increasing Beclin-1 levels (P<0.05). Overexpression of mPGES-1 could decrease the autophagic PCa cell death. Inhibiting the expression of mPGES-1 may lead to DU-145 cell death and up-regulation of Beclin-1. The results suggest that inhibition of mPGES-1 may have therapeutic potential for PCa in the future.

Knocking Down Nucleolin Expression Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Influencing DNA-PKcs Activity

Xu, Jian-Yu,Lu, Shan,Xu, Xiang-Ying,Hu, Song-Liu,Li, Bin,Qi, Rui-Xue,Chen, Lin,Chang, Joe Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Nucleolin (C23) is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is ubiquitously expressed in exponentially growing eukaryotic cells. In order to understand the impact of C23 in radiation therapy, we attempted to investigate the relationship of C23 expression with the radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We investigated the role of C23 in activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), which is a critical protein for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. As a result, we found that the expression of C23 was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines. In vitro clonogenic survival assays revealed that C23 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, potentially through the promotion of radiation-induced apoptosis and adjusting the cell cycle to a more radiosensitive stage. Immunofluorescence data revealed an increasing quantity of ${gamma}$-H2AX foci and decreasing radiation-induced DNA damage repair following knockdown of C23. To further clarify the mechanism of C23 in DNA DSBs repair, we detected the expression of DNA-PKcs and C23 proteins in NSCLC cell lines. C23 might participate in DNA DSBs repair for the reason that the expression of DNA-PKcs decreased at 30, 60, 120 and 360 minutes after irradiation in C23 knockdown cells. Especially, the activity of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites at the S2056 and T2609 was significantly suppressed. Therefore we concluded that C23 knockdown can inhibit DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 sites, thus reducing the radiation damage repair and increasing the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of C23 expression was shown to increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, as implied by the relevance to the notably decreased DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 clusters. Further research on targeted C23 treatment may promote effectiveness of radiotherapy and provide new targets for NSCLC patients.

EXPLORATION ON THE TOWER OF HANOI GAME WITH k PEGS FOR k ≥ 4

Xu Rui,Yu Yitian,Roger Poh Kheng Siong 국제과학영재학회 2008 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.1 No.-

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats Exposed to High Altitude Hypoxia Environment

Xu, Chunlan,Sun, Rui,Qiao, Xiangjin,Xu, Cuicui,Shang, Xiaoya,Niu, Weining,Chao, Yu The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.4

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia + vitamin E (250 mg/kg $BW^*d$) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha ($HIF-1{\alpha}$ and $HIF-2{\alpha}$), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65(NF-${\kappa}B$ P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

Comparative Lipidomic Analysis of Cephalosporium acremonium Insights into Industrial and Pilot Fermentations

Rui-Juan Xu,Bin Qiao,Bing-Zhi Li,Hua Lu,Yao Chen,Ying-Jin Yuan 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2

Cephalosporium acremonium has been widely applied in industrial cephalosporin C fermentation. However,little is known about the molecular basis of fermentation behavior of this strain. In this study, comparative lipidomic analysis using LC/ESI/MSn technology was employed to investigate responses of Cephalosporium acremonium to multiple environment variations in realistic industrial cephalosporin C fermentation process and provide molecular basis for the discrepancies between industrial and pilot fermentations. Totally 77 phospholipids species were detected and 65 species were further quantified. Score plot revealed that phospholipids metabolism differed in industrial and pilot process. Loading pilot indicated that the main variables responsible for the discrimination of industrial and pilot process were phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylserines (PSs) and phosphatic acids (PAs). Higher PIs content in industrial process indicated that cells were more vigorous in industrial process than those in pilot process. Larger increases of PSs, PAs and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid coincided well with the earlier and more thorough cellular morphological differentiation in industrial process. The synergetic reaction between cellular behavior and cells living environment led to titer discrepancies between industrial and pilot process. These findings provided lipidomic insights into industrial cephalosporin C production. Cephalosporium acremonium has been widely applied in industrial cephalosporin C fermentation. However,little is known about the molecular basis of fermentation behavior of this strain. In this study, comparative lipidomic analysis using LC/ESI/MSn technology was employed to investigate responses of Cephalosporium acremonium to multiple environment variations in realistic industrial cephalosporin C fermentation process and provide molecular basis for the discrepancies between industrial and pilot fermentations. Totally 77 phospholipids species were detected and 65 species were further quantified. Score plot revealed that phospholipids metabolism differed in industrial and pilot process. Loading pilot indicated that the main variables responsible for the discrimination of industrial and pilot process were phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylserines (PSs) and phosphatic acids (PAs). Higher PIs content in industrial process indicated that cells were more vigorous in industrial process than those in pilot process. Larger increases of PSs, PAs and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid coincided well with the earlier and more thorough cellular morphological differentiation in industrial process. The synergetic reaction between cellular behavior and cells living environment led to titer discrepancies between industrial and pilot process. These findings provided lipidomic insights into industrial cephalosporin C production.