A Canola Oil-Supplemented Diet Prevents Type I Diabetes-Caused Lipotoxicity and Renal Dysfunction in a Rat Model

Edgar Cano-Europa,Rocio Ortiz-Butron,Estela Melendez Camargo,Maria Miriam Esteves-Carmona,Rosa Maria Oliart-Ros,Vanessa Blas-Valdivia,Margarita Franco-Colin 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.11

We investigated the effect of a canola oil-supplemented diet on the metabolic state and diabetic renal function of a type I diabetes experimental model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) normoglycemic+chow diet, (2) normoglycemic+a canola oil-supplemented chow diet, (3) diabetic+chow diet, and (4) diabetic+a canola oil-supplemented chow diet. For 15 weeks, animals were fed a diet of Purina rat chow alone or supplemented with 30% canola oil. Energetic intake, water intake, body weight, and adipose tissue fat pad were measured; renal function, electrolyte balance, glomerular filtration rate, and the plasmatic concentration of free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were evaluated. The mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and epididymal fat pads were dissected and weighed. The kidneys were used for lipid peroxidation (LP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantifications. Diabetic rats fed with a canola oilsupplemented diet had higher body weights, were less hyperphagic, and their mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and epididymal fat pads weighed more than diabetic rats on an unsupplemented diet. The canola oil-supplemented diet decreased plasmatic concentrations of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol; showed improved osmolarity, water clearances, and creatinine depuration; and had decreased LP and ROS. A canola oil-supplemented diet decreases hyperphagia and prevents lipotoxicity and renal dysfunction in a type I diabetes mellitus model.

Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss: Fr) Karst. Triggers Immunomodulatory Effects and Reduces Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Mice

Rosália Rubel,Herta S. Dalla Santa,Sandro J.R. Bonatto,Se´rgio Bello,Luiz Cla´udio Fernandes,Raffaello Di Bernardi,Juliana Gern,Cid Aimbire´ M. Santos,Carlos Ricardo Soccol 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1

This study investigated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation on lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages from mice. Our results show that G. lucidum in vivo was able to increase interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration but reduced CD3+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes. Ex vivo, IFN-γ; and interleukin-10 levels were increased and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level was reduced by peritoneal macrophages from mice fed with G. lucidum. In the absence of stimuli nitric oxide production was reduced in mice fed with G. lucidum, and with lipopolysaccharide stimulation nitric oxide production was increased but was lower than control values (P<.05). G. lucidum was grown by solid-state culture in wheat grain, and a chow containing 10% G. lucidum mycelium was formulated (G10). Swiss male mice were divided into two groups, termed G10 and control groups according to the diet, and were fed for 3 months. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained and investigated with regard to phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and cytokines ex vivo. In the plasma we investigated concentrations of cytokines, and in the spleen we determined subsets of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes.

Artificial container mosquitoes and first record of Aedes aegypti in the islands of the Paraná Lower Delta, Argentina

María V. Cardo,Paula Rosín,Aníbal E. Carbajo,Darío Vezzani 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.4

Mosquitoes in artificial containers include Aedes aegypti and the Culex pipiens complex, both recognized worldwide as vectors of diseases. The goal of this study was to characterize mosquito communities in water-filled artificial containers in the islands of one of the major temperate wetlands in South America, and to assess whether A. aegypti is present in the area. Five domestic areas located in the insular Tigre District (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) were visited monthly between November 2011 and May 2012. A total of 1013 artificial containers (half of themwithwater)were inspected formosquito immatures. 3359 specimens corresponding to seven species were collected in 88 containers. A. aegypti was recorded for the first time in this wetland, and in all land use categories examined from February to May. Among the remaining six species, only Culex dolosus and C. pipiens were highly abundant. 88% of themosquito positive containerswere buckets, dustbins and boats,whereas highly available bottles did not act asmosquito breeding habitats; the key breeding containerwas different for each land use. The Container Index showed differences among land uses, materials, water capacity and volume, and insolation levels. Generalized Linear Mixed Models suggested that the probability of finding mosquitoes was higher for containers located in dumps and recreational areas, made of resin/fiberglass, presenting intermediate water volumes, and not in use if partially or totally shaded but in use for sunlit containers. Recommendations formosquito prevention and control in the islands are proposed.

Effect of Systemic and Auricular Acupuncture with a 2/100 Hz Frequency and Nogier Frequency in Fibromyalgia: a Randomized Clinical Trial, Pilot Study

Moreira Rosa Maria,Rosário Rhaynara Coelho,Boggiss Érika Almeida,Lima Rosana Aparecida de,Silva Paula Aparecida,Silva Karol Priscila da,Farias Caroline Lima de,Santos Vanessa de Queiroz dos,Silva Josi 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.4

Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome of chronic, generalized muscular pain, accompanied by sleep disturbances, fatigue and cardic autonomic dysfunction that will affect the quality of life. There is currently no gold standard treatment. There are limitations of studies with electroacupuncture in auricular acupuncture. Objectives: We evaluate the effects of systemic electroacupuncture (EA) with frequencies of 2/100 Hz associated of auricular acupuncture with a Nogier frequency (2.28, 4.56 and 9.12 Hz) for pain intensity, heart rate variability (HRV), and quality of life in fibromyalgia. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, a pilot study. Eighteen volunteers were randomized into a control group (CG, n = 9) and an experimental group (EG, n = 9). Six systemic EA sessions systemic and auricular were applied in the EG for 20 min, twice a week, for six weeks consecutive. The Numerical Pain Assessment Scale (NPRS), 2010 diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (FDC 2010), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and analysis of HRV were the instruments used. The independent t-test compared to the groups was applied. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for the primary outcome for NPRS (p > 0.05). In the secondary outcome there was a significant difference in the total score and in some FIQ domains (p = 0.008) and some variables such as pain (p = 0.02) and anxiety (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference for the FDC 2010 and HRV variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion: 2/100 Hz systemic EA associated with the Nogier frequency positively influenced some quality of life variables; however, pain intensity, diagnostic criteria, and HRV variables did not change.

Radiopacity of restorative composites by conventional radiograph and digital images with different resolutions

Raquel Venâncio Fernandes Dantas,Hugo Ramalho Sarmento,Rosângela Marques Duarte,Sônia Saeger Meireles Monte Raso,Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade,Maria Luiza dos Anjos Pontual 대한영상치의학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.3

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate and compare the radiopacity of dentin, enamel, and 8 restorative composites on conventional radiograph and digital images with different resolutions. Materials and Methods: Specimens were fabricated from 8 materials and human molars were longitudinally sectioned 1.0 mm thick to include both enamel and dentin. The specimens and tooth sections were imaged by conventional radiograph using #4 sized intraoral film and digital images were taken in high speed and high resolution modes using a phosphor storage plate. Densitometric evaluation of the enamel, dentin, restorative materials, a lead sheet, and an aluminum step wedge was performed on the radiographic images. For the evaluation, the Al equivalent (mm) for each material was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p⁄0.05), considering the material factor and then the radiographic method factor, individually. Results: The high speed mode allowed the highest radiopacity, while the high resolution mode generated the lowest values. Furthermore, the high resolution mode was the most efficient method for radiographic differentiation between restorative composites and dentin. The conventional radiograph was the most effective in enabling differentiation between enamel and composites. The high speed mode was the least effective in enabling radiographic differentiation between the dental tissues and restorative composites. Conclusion: The high speed mode of digital imaging was not effective for differentiation between enamel and composites. This made it less effective than the high resolution mode and conventional radiographs. All of the composites evaluated showed radiopacity values that fit the ISO 4049 recommendations.

Asthma and Rhinitis in South America: How Different They are From Other Parts of the World

Herberto José Chong Neto,Nelson Augusto Rosário,Dirceu Solé 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.4 No.2

Asthma and rhinitis epidemiology has wide variations around the world. The aim of this review was verify the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in South America and report differences from other regions of the world. We reviewed studies with International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology in South America, Phases I and III. In South America the ISAAC Phase I ranked four countries among top ten in prevalence of asthma and three countries among top ten in prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis. ISAAC Phase III showed little changes in asthma and rhinitis prevalence in South American countries. The prevalence increases of asthma and rhinitis in South American centers indicate that the burden of both is continuing to rise, but the differences in prevalence are lessening.

Knowledge and Experiences of Risks among Pupils in Vocational Education

Ing-Marie Andersson,Kristina Gunnarsson,Gunnar Rosèn,Marie Moström Åberg 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2014 Safety and health at work Vol.5 No.3

Background: Young male and female workers are over-represented in statistics concerning negativeoutcomes of poor work environment and risky work. Young workers often have low awareness of risk, alack of safety training, and inadequate introduction to the work. The aim of this study was to identify theknowledge and experiences of pupils of vocational schools concerning potential work environment risksin their future work. Methods: The study design was a dual one, and included a questionnaire and focus group interviews. Thestudy group consisted of 239 pupils from 10 upper secondary schools, who were graduating pupils infour vocational programs: the Industrial Technology Programme, the Restaurant Management and FoodProgramme, the Transport Programme, and the Handicraft Programme (in which students specialize inwood products). The upper secondary schools were located in the central region of Sweden. Results: The pupils had limited knowledge that employers must, by law, conduct risk analyses andprevent risks. Many felt that they themselves are mainly responsible for performing their tasks safely. Pupils in all programs mentioned acute risk as the greatest risk at work. The theoretical education aboutsafety at work was provided in the 1st year of the 3-year vocational programs. Conclusion: A systematic approach to pupils’ training in work environment, which is a basis for a safe andhealthy workplace, is lacking. The study findings indicate that pupils are offered knowledge far from thatintended by laws and by state-of-the-art occupational health risk research.

Role of Headmasters, Teachers, and Supervisors in Knowledge Transfer about Occupational Health and Safety to Pupils in Vocational Education

Ing-Marie Andersson,Kristina Gunnarsson,Gunnar Rosèn 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.4

Background: Young people are at an increased risk for illness in working life. The authorities stipulate certain goals for training in occupational health and safety (OHS) in vocational schools. A previous study concluded that pupils in vocational education had limited knowledge in the prevention of health risks at work. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to study how OHS training is organized in school and in workplace-based learning (WPL). Methods: The study design featured a qualitative approach, which included interviews with 12 headmasters, 20 teachers, and 20 supervisors at companies in which the pupils had their WPL. The study was conducted at 10 upper secondary schools, located in Central Sweden, that were graduating pupils in four vocational programs. Results: The interviews with headmasters, teachers, and supervisors indicate a staggered picture of how pupils are prepared for safe work. The headmasters generally give teachers the responsibility for how goals should be reached. Teaching is very much based on risk factors that are present in the workshops and on teachers’ own experiences and knowledge. The teaching during WPL also lacks the systematic training in OHS as well as in the traditional classroom environment. Conclusion: Teachers and supervisors did not plan the training in OHS in accordance with the provisions of systematic work environment management. Instead, the teachers based the training on their own experiences. Most of the supervisors did not receive information from the schools as to what should be included when introducing OHS issues in WPL.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: State of the Art

Celeste Silveira,Renato Guedes,Diana Maia,Rosário Curral,Rui Coelho 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.12

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease. Psychiatric manifestations have a high prevalence in MS patients and may worsen the illness progression and the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Depression is a highly prevalent condition in MS patients, associated with poorer adherence to treatment, decreased functional status and QoL, and increased suicide risk. Diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is challenging because of symptom overlap. Other prevalent psychiatric comorbidities are anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, substance misuse and personality disorders. As the illness progresses, personality changes can happen, as well as affect abnormalities. Cognitive changes occur frequently in MS patients, and affect features like processing speed, attention, learning, memory, visual spatial capabilities, and some language deficits. Disease-modifying treatments may reduce cognitive impairment because of their container action on the brain’s lesion burden. Other QoL determinants such as fatigue, pain, sexual dysfunction, exercise, resilience and social support should be taken into account, in order to promote the individuals’ well-being. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and more neuroimaging studies are required to clarify the relationship between structural changes and psychiatric comorbidities.

A Case Report on the Effect of Sham Acupuncture

Vera Lucia Rasera Zotelli,Cássia Maria Grillo,Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.5

When nausea, an extremely unpleasant symptom, is experienced during dental treatment, it generates disorders and obstacles for both the patient and the professional, compromising the good quality of dental care. Clinical studies have confirmed the antiemetic action of acupuncture and shown its use for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. In the scientific literature there are several recent studies that address the placebo effect of acupuncture. The aim of this manuscript is to present a case report of a 46-year-old Caucasian male patient, who had severe symptoms of nausea while undergoing dental care. Treatment with sham acupuncture (acupuncture simulation) obtained a positive result of nausea prevention. We will discuss three possible hypotheses concerning this result: (1) there was action of Deqi; (2) high expectations of the patient; and (3) association with specific learned response. The patient in this case report received nonpenetrating sham acupuncture at acupoint Neiguan (PC6), which resulted in the complete remission of nausea during an intra-oral impression-taking procedure, but it is unclear whether the placebo effect was triggered by the action of Deqi, the high expectations of the patient, an association with a learned response, or by the interaction of all these factors.