Microwave and Millimeter-wave Enabled Small Cell for Non-uniform and Asymmetric Traffic in 5G Mobile Network

Rony Kumer Saha,Chaodit Aswakul 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

In this paper, a multi-band, namely co-channel microwave and 60 GHz millimeter-wave bands, enabled femtocell base station (FCBS) architecture (MBFA) is proposed to address non-uniform and asymmetric traffic in 5G cellular mobile networks. All femtocells are deployed in a multi-storage building. For the co-channel microwave band, the interference between FCBSs and the macrocell base station is avoided using almost blank subframe based enhanced inter-cell interference coordination techniques. The coexistence of both bands architecture is studied, and the outperformance of millimeter-wave over co-channel microwave bands is shown in terms of system capacity and spectral efficiency. We analyze the use of MBFA to address non-uniform traffic and asymmetric traffic from splitting uplink/downlink as well as control-plane/user-plane. Finally, the outperformance of MBFA over the single band enabled FCBS architecture in terms of energy efficiency, system capacity, and spectral efficiency is shown.

A Novel Clustering, Frequency Reuse and Allocation Technique for 2D Regular Grid-based Dense Urban Femtocell Deployment for 5G Mobile Networks

Rony Kumer Saha,Chaodit Aswakul 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

In this paper, we propose a technique for clustering, frequency reuse, and allocation to femtocells (FCs) deployed densely in a 2-dimensional (2D) space in urban environments to address the high capacity and spectral efficiency demands of 5G mobile networks. We model the 2D space to consist of a set of square-grid apartments with one FC per apartment. A region of exclusion (RoE) including a group of FCs over the space is formed based on satisfying an optimization constraint of a minimum aggregate interference per link between co-channel FCs of adjacent RoEs. The co-channel interference is modelled using the planar-Wyner model. The number of FCs within a RoE forms a cluster of FCs, and all FC clusters have the same size for a given constraint. We propose an adjacent channel interference avoided static resource reuse and allocation algorithm for FCs within each cluster where the whole system bandwidth is reused. For performance evaluation, we consider a floor of a multi-storage building as 2D space that consists of 5×5 squaregrid apartments, and a multi-tier network that consists of a macrocell, a number of outdoor picocells and indoor FCs on the floor. The almost blank subframe (ABS) based eICIC technique is used to avoid cross-tier interference between macro-tier and femto-tier. With a system level simulation, we demonstrate the number of clusters that can be formed for a given interference constraint and the outperformance of the proposed technique by manifold in terms of the capacity and spectral efficiency as compared to the conventional ABS based eICIC technique.

An efficient optimization approach for wind interference effect on octagonal tall building

Rony Kar,Sujit Kumar Dalui,Soumya Bhattacharjya 한국풍공학회 2019 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.28 No.2

In this paper an octagon plan shaped building (study building) in presence of three square plan shaped building is subjected to boundary layer wind flow and the interference effects on the study building is investigated using Computational fluid dynamics. The variation of the pressure coefficients on different faces of the octagon building is studied both in isolated and interference conditions. Interference Factors (IF) are calculated for different faces of the study building which can be a powerful tool for designing similar plan shaped buildings in similar conditions. A metamodel of the IF, in terms of the distances among buildings is also established using Response Surface Method (RSM). This set of equations are optimized to get the optimum values of the distances where the IF is unity. An upstream Interference zone for this building setup and wind environment is established from these data. Uncertainty principle is also utilised to determine the optimum positions of the interfering buildings considering the uncertain nature of wind flow for minimum interference effect. The proposed procedure is observed to be computationally efficient in deciding optimum layout at buildings often required in city planning. The results show that the proposed RSM-based optimization approach captures the interference zone accurately with substantially less number of experiments.

Centralized 3D Radio Resource Allocation and Scheduling for Multi-tier Control-/User-plane Split Architecture for 5G Mobile Network

Rony Kumer Saha,Chaodit Aswakul 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

In this paper, we propose a centralized allocation and scheduling strategy for 3-dimensional radio resources (namely, time, frequency, and power) for a multi-tier control-plane and user-plane (C-/U-plane) split 5G mobile network architecture by considering schedulers of all base stations (BSs) located at a central station. We consider a multi-tier network comprises of a macrocell BS (MCBS) and a number of outdoor picocell BSs as well as indoor femtocell BSs (FCBSs) deployed within a multi-storage building. In contrast to the conventional almost blank subframe, we consider a fully blank subframe (FBS) based eICIC to split completely C-/U-plane such that control-plane can be served only by the MCBS and user-plane by each UE’s respective BS. The system bandwidth is reused in FCBSs, and frequency resources are allocated orthogonally per tier basis. We propose a simple FCBS power control mechanism by modeling a FCBS’s on-state and off-state power as on/off traffic source model, and derive an optimal value of average activation factor (AAF) of any FCBSs per FBS pattern period to trade-off its serving capacity and transmit power saving. With a system level simulation it is shown that the capacity of a FCBS increases whereas its power saving decreases linearly with an increase in its AAF because of serving increased traffic, and an optimal AAF of 0.5 for the capacity scaling factor k=1and greater than 0.5 for k<1is found.

Capacity Analysis of Control-/User-plane Traffic of Different Small Cell Base Station Architectures for 5G Cellular

Rony Kumer Saha,Chaodit Aswakul 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

In this paper, we present numerous small cell base station, i.e. femtocell base station (FCBS), architectures based on the number of transceivers (e.g., single or dual transceiver) and operating frequency bands (e.g., microwave and millimeter wave bands) existing in a FCBS for serving control-plane and user-plane (C-/U-plane) traffic in indoor environments under both traditional C-/U-plane coupled architecture (CUCA) as well as prospective C- /U-plane separation architecture (CUSA). With a system level simulation of a multi-tier network, we evaluate the performances of these FCBS architectures in terms of control-plane, user-plane, and an aggregate C-/U-plane traffic capacities. The simulation results show that because of serving only U-plane traffic by a FCBS in CUSA, CUSA outperforms CUCA for a single transceiver based FCBS in terms of user-plane traffic capacity irrespective of operating frequency. However, the presence of dual bands at a dual transceiver based FCBS results in higher aggregate C-/U-plane traffic capacity than that of a single transceiver based FCBS. Finally, we discuss a number of strengths and weaknesses, viability challenges, and open issues of these FCBS architectures.

Special Lecture : The spatio-temporal regulation of MAPK/ERK

( Rony Seger ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2003 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Evaluation with a Continuous Performance Test

Rony Cohena,Ayelet Halevy,Sharon Aharoni,Avinoam Shuper 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.2

Background and Purpose The objective of this study was to determine if the MOXO visualandvocal-distractors-based continuous performance test distinguishes patients with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) from those withoutNF1. Methods Thirty-five patients (16 males; mean age 9.91 years) attending a multidisciplinaryNF1 clinic completed the MOXO test. The findings were compared to 532 healthy age-matchedstandardized control subjects (285 males) without ADHD. Results The overall performance in the MOXO text was significantly worse in the NF1group than in controls (p<0.01), but no group-specific pattern was identified. Impulsivity andhyperactivity were significantly more prominent in males than females (p<0.01). Comparedto controls, the NF1 group exhibited significantly more failures to respond to target stimuli inthe presence of visual distractors. Conclusions MOXO scores are abnormal in patients with NF1, but the test cannot differentiatebetween NF1 with ADHD characteristics and ADHD. The test highlights sex differences inADHD characteristics in NF1. Overreactivity to visual distractors may form part of the attentiondeficit in NF1.

<i>Philippiphonteaspidosoma</i> gen. et sp. n., a radically divergent member of the Laophontidae from shell gravel in the East Sea, South Korea, including a review of <i>Folioquinpes</i> Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 ( Copepoda , Harpacticoida )

Huys, Rony,Lee, Jimin Pensoft Publishers 2018 ZooKeys Vol.775 No.-

<P>Abstract</P><P>The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any other family in the Harpacticoida, it is also one of the most speciose ones in the order, currently accommodating 327 species and subspecies. Based on published records, 25 laophontid species in 12 genera have so far been reported from Korean waters. Here both sexes of a new genus and species of Laophontidae are described, collected from shell gravel off Dokdo Island in the East Sea. <I>Philippiphonteaspidosoma</I><B>gen. et sp. n.</B> displays a radically divergent morphology, including an extreme dorsoventrally depressed body shape which is reminiscent of members of the family Porcellidiidae. The convergent evolution of dorsoventrally flattened body plans in the Harpacticoida is briefly discussed.</P><P>The distribution and habitat preference of laophontid species recorded from the Korean peninsula are summarised. The authenticity of the Korean record of <I>Folioquinpesmangalis</I> Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 from washings of invertebrates and intertidal stones from Jeju Island is reassessed in the light of a discussion of the genus. <I>Folioquinpespseudomangalis</I><B>sp. n.</B> and <I>F.indicus</I><B>sp. n.</B> are proposed as new species for <I>Folioquinpesmangalis</I> Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 <I>sensu</I>Kim (2013) and <I>Laophontechathamensis</I> Sars, 1905 <I>sensu</I>Sewell (1924), respectively. A key to species of <I>Folioquinpes</I> Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 is provided.</P>

Dynamic of heat production partitioning in rooster by indirect calorimetry

Riveros Lizana Rony,de Sousa Camargos Rosiane,Macari Marcos,de Paula Reis Matheus,Balbino Leme Bruno,Kazue Sakomura Nilva 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a methodological procedure to quantify the heat production (HP) partitioning in basal metabolism or fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity (HPA), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in roosters. Methods: Eighteen 54-wk-old Hy Line Brown roosters (2.916±0.15 kg) were allocated in an open-circuit chamber of respirometry for O2 consumption (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), and physical activity (PA) measurements, under environmental comfort conditions, following the protocol: adaptation (3 d), ad libitum feeding (1 d), and fasting conditions (1 d). The Brouwer equation was used to calculate the HP from VO2 and VCO2. The plateau-FHP (parameter L) was estimated through the broken line model: HP = U×(R–t)×I+L; I = 1 if t<R or I = 0 if t>R; Where the broken-point (R) was assigned as the time (t) that defined the difference between a short and long fasting period, I is conditional, and U is the decreasing rate after the feed was withdrawn. The HP components description was characterized by three events: ad libitum feeding and short and long fasting periods. Linear regression was adjusted between physical activity (PA) and HP to determine the HPA and to estimate the standardized FHP (st-FHP) as the intercept of PA = 0. Results: The time when plateau-FHP was reached at 11.7 h after withdrawal feed, with a mean value of 386 kJ/kg0.75/d, differing in 32 kJ from st-FHP (354 kJ/kg0.75/d). The slope of HP per unit of PA was 4.52 kJ/mV. The total HP in roosters partitioned into the st-FHP, termal effect of feeding (TEF), and HPA was 56.6%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The FHP represents the largest fraction of energy expenditure in roosters, followed by the TEF. Furthermore, the PA increased the variation of HP measurements.

A Positive Role of the PI3-K/Akt Signaling Pathway in PC12 Cell Differentiation

김용수,유영숙,Rony Seger,Suresh Babu CV,황승용 한국분자세포생물학회 2004 Molecules and cells Vol.18 No.3

Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) is considered to be a key event upon stimulation of cells with growth factors. Akt is known to be a downstream target of PI3-K when it is activated by nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF induces cell differentiation of PC12 cells as indicated by neurite outgrowth. In order to investigate the role of PI3-K/Akt in NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells, we generated cells ectopically expressing constitutively activated (CA), wild type (WT) and dominant negative (DN) forms of Akt. NGFinduced neurite outgrowth was greatly accelerated in the cells expressing CA-Akt, and dramatically inhibited in those expressing DN-Akt. Pre-treatment with an Akt inhibitor, ML-9 [1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1Hhexahydro- 1,4-diazepine], inhibited NGF-induced Akt phosphorylation as well as neurite outgrowth but did not markedly affect the activities of extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The PI3-K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 blocked NGF-induced Akt phosphorylation as well as neurite outgrowth. These results indicate that PI3-K/Akt is a positive regulator of NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells.