Primary School Students` Understanding of Equation Structure and the Meaning of Equal Sign: A Chinese Sample Study

( Xin Rong Yang ),( Yu Jia Huo ),( Yan Xiong Yan ) 한국수학교육학회 2014 수학교육연구 Vol.18 No.4

This paper reports findings from a written assessment which was designed to investigate Chinese primary school students`` understanding of the equal sign and equation structure. The investigation included a sample of 110 Grade 3, 112 Grade 4, and 110 Grade 5 students from four schools in China. Significant differences were identified among the three grades and no gender differences were found. The majority of Grades 3 and 4 students were found to view the equal sign as a place indicator meaning "write the answer here" or "do something like computation", that is, holding an operational view of the equal sign. A part of Grade 5 students were found to be able to interpret the equal sign as meaning "the same as", that is, holding a relational view of the equal sign. In addition, even though it was difficult for Grade 3 students to recognize the underlying structure in arithmetic equation, quite a number of Grades 4 and 5 students were able to recognize the underlying structure on some tasks. Findings in this study suggest that Chinese primary school students demonstrate a relational understanding of the equal sign and a strong structural sense of equations in an earlier grade. Moreover, what found in the study support the argument that students`` understanding of the equal sign is influenced by the context in which the equal sign is presented.

중국 농민공 양로보험제도 비교연구: 제도특성과 소득보장효과를 중심으로

Qu, Rong-Xin,최유석 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2013 地域發展硏究 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 중국 농민공을 대상으로 하는 양로보험제도의 특성과 소득보장효과를 비교분석하는 것이다. 지난 30여년 동안 중국은 개혁개방정책을 통하여 급격한 경제성장을 이룩하여 왔다. 이 과정에서 농민공은 중국의 경제발전에 커다란 공헌을 하였다. 그러나 상당수의 농민공은 저임금, 과도한 노동시간, 낮은 수준의 사회보장 등 매우 열악한 상태에 처해있다. 중국에서 현재 시행하는 농민공을 대상으로 한 양로보험제도는북경시 독립형 양로보험, 상해시 종합형 양로보험, 광동성 및 심천시 납입형 양로보험등 크게 3가지 형태로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Gilbert와 Terrell(2005)의 사회복지정책 분석틀을 이용하여, 급여자격요건, 재원, 급여수준, 전달체계 등 네 가지 측면에서 각 제도의 특성을 비교하였다. 양로보험제도의 소득보장효과를 밝히기 위하여 먼저급여대상의 포괄성 측면에서 가입율을 비교하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션 분석을 이용하여 소득대체율을 비교하였다. 분석결과, 상대적으로 심천시 납입형 양로보험이 가장 높은 농민공 가입율을 보였다. 소득대체율 시뮬레이션 결과, 상해시 종합형 양로보험제도의 소득대체율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 토대로 농민공을 위한 양로보험제도의 발전을 위한 개선방안을 제안하였다.

Differential Protein Expression in EC304 Gastric Cancer Cells Induced by Alphastatin

Wang, Xin-Xin,Sun, Rong-Ju,Wu, Meng,Li, Tao,Zhang, Yong,Chen, Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objective: To explore the differential protein expression profile in EC304 gastric cancer cells induced by alphastatin. Methods: Cultured EC304 cells in the exponential phase of growth were randomly divided into alphastatin and control groups. Total proteins were extracted and the two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique was applied to analyze differences in expression with ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0 software. Proteins were identified using the MASCOT database and selected differently expressed proteins were characterised by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: $1350{\pm}90$ protein spots were detected by the ImageMaster software in the 2-DE gel images from the control and alphastatin groups. The match rate was about 72-80% for the spectrum profiles, with 29 significantly different protein spots being identified, 10 upregulated, 16 downregulated, two new and one lost. The MASCOT search scores were 64-666 and the peptide matching numbers were 3-27 with sequence coverage of 8-62%. Twenty-three proteins were checked by mass spectrometry, including decrease in Nm23 and profilin-2 isoform b associated with the regulation of actin multimerisation induced by extracellular signals. Conclusion: The proteome in EC304 cells is dramatically altered by alphastatin, which appears to play an important role in modulating cellular activity and anti-angiogenesis by regulating protein expression and signal transduction pathways through Nm23 and profilin-2 isoform b, providing new research directions for anti-angiogenic therapy of gastric cancer.

Senior Secondary School Students` Epistemological Conceptions of Mathematics in China: Characteristics and Development Process

( Yang Xin Rong ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육연구 Vol.17 No.2

This paper reports findings from a survey of senior secondary school students` epistemo-logical conceptions of mathematics with the adaption of the instrument of the "Concep-tions of Mathematics"-Inventory in China. The survey included a sample of 414 Grade 10 students, 441 Grade 11 students, and 400 Grade 12 students from three provinces. De-scriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and T-test were employed to analyze data in this study. It was found that senior secondary school students mainly focused on objectivity and reality of mathematics, without highlighting the characteristics of sociality, subject-tivity, and creativity of mathematics. In addition, besides gender differences, differences were identified among students from different grades, different areas, taught by teachers with different teaching experience and experience in using reformed curriculum.

Characterization of gene expression in watermelon ripening fruit by random cDNA sequencing

Ye Xin Rong,Choy Yoon Hi(최윤희),Nam Hong Gil(남홍길) 한국원예학회 1999 원예과학기술지 Vol.17 No.2

Automatic Image Segmentation with PCNN Algorithm Based on Grayscale Correlation

Hai-Rong Ma,Xin-Wen Cheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5

In order to use pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN) for precise automatic image segmentation, we propose an improved PCNN model. We first establish a connection weight matrix based on the image local gray correlation and on the Euclid distance. We then used the minimum variance ratio criterion to automatically determine PCNN cycle times, and achieve automatic image segmentation. The simulation results show that this method can automatically determine the number of iterations PCNN, and that it is highly feasible and better segmentation effect.

Surrounding rock pressure of shallow-buried bilateral bias tunnels under earthquake

Liu, Xin-Rong,Li, Dong-Liang,Wang, Jun-Bao,Wang, Zhen Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.4

By means of finite element numerical simulation and pseudo-static method, the shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel subject to horizontal and vertical seismic forces are researched. The research includes rupture angles, the failure mode of the tunnel and the distribution of surrounding rock relaxation pressure. And the analytical solution for surrounding rock relaxation pressure is derived. For such tunnels, their surrounding rock has sliding rupture planes that generally follow a "W" shape. The failure area is determined by the rupture angles. Research shows that for shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel under the action of seismic force, the load effect on the tunnel structure shall be studied based on the relaxation pressure induced by surrounding rock failure. The rupture angles between the left tube and the right tube are independent of the surface slope. For tunnels with surrounding rock of Grade IV, V and VI, which is of poor quality, the recommended reinforcement range for the rupture angles is provided when the seismic fortification intensity is VI, VII, VIII and IX respectively. This study is expected to provide theoretical support regarding the ground reinforcement range for the shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel under seismic force.

Estimating Interfacial Interaction Energy of Cu-Epoxy Resin from Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Dong rong Xin,Qiang Han 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

Interfacial delamination is one of the typical failure modes in electronic packages. To obtain good reliability of electronic packages, it is important to study the interface properties. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation is conducted to investigate the interfacial interaction energy of Cu-epoxy resin, which is widely used in electronic packages, and the effects of temperature, moisture, crosslink conversion and oxidation degree. The results show that the interaction energy of Cu-epoxy resin is almost independent of the cross-link conversion of the epoxy resin, whereas it is weakened by increasing temperature, moisture and oxidation. Meanwhile, the mechanism of interfacial energy variation is revealed on a molecular scale, which is useful for understanding the interfacial interaction and interfacial delamination.

Three Years' Summary Report of “Curriculum Building of Women’s Studies in Asia”(China)

Zheng Xin-rong 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2000 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2000 No.10

중국소비자의 유료온라인 동영상 서비스 이용의도 : 기술수용모델을 중심으로

신태용(Xin, Tai Rong),유현정(Yoo, Hyun Jung) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2021 생활과학연구논총 Vol.25 No.1

This study examines the factors affecting satisfaction and user intention of pay online video services by Chinese consumers by applying the technology acceptance model. The main results of this study are as follows: First, Aiqiyi was the paid online video platform used in this study. We used the Aiqiyi platform to analyze the actual user status over 6 months to 1 year. Second, our results revealed differences in our study subjects using paid online video services: more women than men, people in their 20s, and university graduates used them most. Third, the analysis of the mean differences in external factors of technology acceptance per socio-demographic characteristics showed significant differences per gender, age, occupation, average monthly income, and Internet experience. Fourth, in analyzing the mean differences in the perceived utility and perceived ease of use per the demographic characteristics, our results show significant statistical differences in gender, academic background, occupation, Internet experience, and grade of dwelling city. Fifth, we reviewed the factors having the most impact on satisfaction and user intent to pay for online video services. The system quality had positive (+) effects on the perceived utility and perceived ease of use, while cost had positive (+) effects on the perceived utility. Self-efficacy had positive (+) effects on the perceived utility and perceived ease of use. Furthermore, the perceived utility and perceived ease of use had positive (+) effects on satisfaction and user intent. Finally, user satisfaction had positive (+) effects on user intent.