Efficacy of physical and chemical treatments on the inactivation of bovine leukosis virus present in milk

Rocío Silvia Sandoval-Monzón,Irma Cecilia Karla Arévalo-Rodriguez,Aldo Alberto Carrillo-Torres,Luis Felipe Ruiz-García 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pasteurization, freezing, the addition of formaldehyde and peroxymonosulfate on the inactivation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) present in milk. Materials and Methods: A sheep bioassay was carried out in 40 sheep, which were intraperitoneally inoculated with leukocytes from milk infected by the BLV previously treated with one of the virus inactivation methods. Five study groups were evaluated: (1) control group: milk without previous treatment, (2) pasteurization group: milk treated by pasteurization, (3) freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 36 hours, (4) formaldehyde group: 0.1% formaldehyde, and (5) peroxymonosulfate group: 0.05% peroxymonosulfate. The inoculated animals were followed for 10 weeks. Results: At week 10 post-inoculation, all the animals (8/8) of the control group and the peroxymonosulfate group were seropositive to BLV, while no animals were seropositive (0/8) to BLV in the remaining three groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the pasteurization, freezing and formaldehyde groups with respect to the control (p<0.001) and peroxymonosulfate groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that pasteurization, freezing and formaldehyde processes are efficient in inactivating the BLV and can be used in milk to prevent the transmission of the virus.

Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Apple in Different Fruit Development Stages against Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium expansum

Rocí,o Crystabel Ló,pez-Gonzá,lez,Yara Suhan Juá,rez-Campusano,José,Luis Rodrí,guez-Chá,vez,Guillermo Delgado-Lamas,Sofí,a Marí,a Arvizu Medrano,Ramó,n Á,lv 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.1

Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most significant postharvest diseases of apples. Some microorganisms associated with the surface of ripen- ing apples possess the ability to inhibit the growth of P. expansum. However, the existing literature about their colonization in the stages before ripening is not explored in depth. This study aims to characterize the antagonistic capacity of bacterial populations from five fruit development stages of ‘Royal Gala’ apples. The re- sults have shown that the density of the bacterial popu- lations decreases throughout the ripening stages of fruit (from 1.0 × 105 to 1.1 × 101 cfu/cm2). A total of 25 bacte- rial morphotypes (corresponding to five genera identi- fied by 16S RNA) were differentiated in which Bacillus stood out as a predominant genus. In the in vitro an- tagonism tests, 10 Bacillus strains (40%) inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum from 30.1% to 60.1%, while in fruit bioassays, the same strains reduced the fruit rot ranging from 12% to 66%. Moreover, the bacterial strains with antagonistic activity increased in the ripening fruit stage. B. subtilis subsp. spiziennii M24 obtained the highest antagonistic activity (66.9% of rot reduction). The matrix-assisted laser desorption ioniza- tion-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that bacteria with antagonistic activity produce anti- fungal lipopeptides from iturin and fengycin families.

Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children

Quiroga Rocío,Nistal Esther,Estébanez Brisamar,Porras David,Juárez-Fernández María,Martínez-Flórez Susana,García-Mediavilla María Victoria,de Paz José A.,González-Gallego Javier,Sánchez-Campos Sonia,C 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation.

The interaction of Instagram followers in the fast fashion sector: The case of Hennes and Mauritz (H&M)

María Del Rocío Bonilla,José Luis del Olmo Arriaga,David Andreu 한국마케팅과학회 2019 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.10 No.4

The aim of this study is to analyse the interactions between fashion brands and their followers on social networks, focusing on empirically determining the relationship established between the fast fashion company H&M and its users on the social network Instagram. This analysis focuses on determining the type of post that generates greater engagement for the company’s Instagram account. Therefore, a classification and subsequent statistical treatment of the content of the posts of this account was carried out throughout 2017. Three categorization systems were used for this analysis in order to determine engagement from the point of view of the content of the message, the company’s communication strategy, and formal aspects and product category presented in the post. To date, research on the interaction of fashion brands with users on social networks has focused primarily on other platforms of social interaction other than Instagram. In contrast, this study makes an important contribution to research on the interaction of a fast fashion brand with users of the most specialized social network in this sector.

Analysis of activity in open-source communities using social network analysis techniques

María del Rocío Martínez-Torres 기술경영경제학회 2014 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.22 No.1

mechanism by which the development of the project is supported. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the online participation in virtual communities using social network analysis techniques in order to obtain the main patterns of behaviour of users within communities. Several open-source communities related to Linux ports to embedded processors have been studied, obtaining a set of indicators by modelling them as a social network. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to extract the main dimensions related to the participation process. Participation inequality, hierarchy and the cohesion of the community constitute the main dimensions characterizing the participation mechanism within communities. Obtained results highlight the necessity of guiding the organization and development of the community to achieve successful target software.

LOS PROYECTOS PRODUCTIVOS DE LAS MUJERES RURALES COMO UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA ELIMINAR LA POBREZA

Salvador González Andrade,Rocío Rosas Vargas Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2013 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.3 No.1

Resumen. Este artículo reconoce que la política pública implementada en México dirigida a mujeres rurales pobres se ha caracterizado por el enfoque en su papel reproductivo (madre y esposa). En 1972 se creó el programa llamado Unidades Agrícolas Industriales para la Mujer (uaim). Este esquema tenía como objetivos principales crear uaim con mujeres no ejidatarias mayores de 16 años en cada ejido, dotarlas con una parcela para el grupo, crear trabajo en el sector rural para ellas realizando procesos de transformación de los productos de los ejidos. Las mujeres de las uaim han implementado diversos proyectos productivos tendientes a mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Este documento analiza el desempeño de las uaim en el estado de Guanajuato y determina en qué medida los proyectos productivos han contribuido a la disminución de la pobreza. Con base en una muestra estadística, los resultados indican que las uaim que tuvieron los mayores beneficios son las que recibieron apoyos gubernamentales económicos, de capacitación y de gestión y también que las lideresas juegan un papel relevante. Se concluye que el desarrollo de proyectos productivos ha tenido un pequeño y limitado impacto en el ingreso y en la disminución de la pobreza. Abstract. This article recognizes the public policy implemented in Mexico to help poor rural women was characterized by the focus on their reproductive role (mother and wife). In 1972 the program called Agricultural Industrial Units for Women (UAIM) was created. This scheme had as one of its main objectives to create UAIMs for women that are not ejidatarias over 16 years of age in each ejido, by providing them with a parcel for the group, and creates jobs in rural areas for processing products in the ejidos. Women in UAIMs have implemented various production projects aimed at improving their living conditions. This paper aims to analyze the performance of UAIMs in the state of Guanajuato and determine how productive projects have contributed to the reduction of poverty. Based on a statistical sample, the results indicate that UAIMs that had the greatest benefits are those that received government support, training and management. Another result is that women also played an important role. We conclude that the development of production projects had a limited impact on income and reducing a poverty. Palabras clave: Unidad Agrícola Industrial para la Mujer (uaim), actividades productivas, mujeres campesinas, desarrollo rural, trabajo rural femenino. Key words: Agricultural Industrial Units for Women (uaim), productive activities, women farmers, rural development and rural feminine work.

CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM: TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PAST TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Estrella Díaz,Rocío Carranza,Carlos Sánchez-Camacho,David Martín-Consuegra 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

In today’s highly dynamic tourism and hospitality environment, the role of customer engagement (CE) in customer experience and value is receiving increasing attention from practitioners and academics (Harrigan, Evers, Miles, & Daly, 2017). Despite this interest, scholarly analysis into the concept and its associated elements has been limited to date. For these reasons, the objective of this study is to present a science mapping approach to analysing the thematic evolution of customer engagement, specifically in the tourism/hospitality and marketing industries. The study applies a bibliometric approach combining co-citation analysis with co-word analysis to reveal and visualize the evolution of customer engagement in the hospitality and tourism areas. Specifically, authors use the SciMat software in order to discover the most important research themes and its conceptual evolution. This technique returns a set of clusters, which can be understood as conglomerates of different scientific aspects. They allow researchers the analysis of the research topics’ dynamic evolution by measuring continuance across consecutive sub-periods. Authors followed the ranking of hospitality and tourism journals considered by Gursoy and Sandstrom (2016) and, the marketing journal ranking developed by Hunt Reimann and Schilke (2009) as criteria for journal selection process. This study has considered the Web of Science (WoS) as the main academic database for collecting research contributions. Findings indicate symptoms of a research field in constant evolution that has not yet reached a stage of maturity. Initially, customer engagement was seen as an important element, but its examination was scarce and has gradually come to be recognized as a key goal within organizations to serve as a basis for the development of various study models. The results obtained from this study will enable future authors studying customer engagement to focus their studies more effectively.

Genomic surveillance links livestock production with the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

Enrique Jesús Delgado-Suárez,Rocío Ortíz-López,Wondwossen A. Gebreyes,Marc W. Allard,Francisco Barona-Gómez,María Salud Rubio-Lozano 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.4

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly common worldwide. While food animals are thought to contribute to the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem, limited data is documenting this relationship, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Herein, we aimed to assess the role of non-clinical NTS of bovine origin as reservoirs of AMR genes of human clinical significance. We evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles in a set of 44 bovine-associated NTS. For comparative purposes, we also included genotypic AMR data of additional isolates from Mexico (n = 1,067) that are publicly available. The most frequent AMR phenotypes in our isolates involved tetracycline (40/44), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26/44), chloramphenicol (19/44), ampicillin (18/44), streptomycin (16/44), and carbenicillin (13/44), while nearly 70% of the strains were MDR. These phenotypes were correlated with a widespread distribution of AMR genes (i.e. tetA, aadA, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, bla-TEM-1, blaCARB-2) against multiple antibiotic classes, with some of them contributed by plasmids and/or class-1 integrons. We observed different AMR genotypes for betalactams and tetracycline resistance, providing evidence of convergent evolution and adaptive AMR. The probability of MDR genotype occurrence was higher in meat-associated isolates than in those from other sources (odds ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 4.5–27.9, P < 0.0001). The study shows that beef cattle are a significant source of MDR NTS in Mexico, highlighting the role of animal production on the emergence and spread of MDR Salmonella in LMIC.

Computed tomography-guided Gasserian ganglion interventions for cancer-related facial pain in patients with complex anatomy: Insights and recommendations

Ale Ismael González-Casarez1,Santamaría-Montaño Germán Gerardo,Plancarte-Sánchez Ricardo,Guillén-Núñez María Rocío,Juárez-Lemus Ángel Manuel,Hernández-Porras Berenice Carolina,Samano-García Marcela,Ro 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.18 No.2

Background: The Gasserian ganglion is a well-known target for facial pain management, and patients with cancer present an anatomical challenge owing to tumor progression or treatment itself. Computed tomography (CT) is an alternative method for guiding these procedures.Methods: This was an observational retrospective analysis of patients with cancer-related facial pain who underwent CT-guided Gasserian ganglion interventions using local anesthetics, local anesthetics with steroids, phenol, and radiofrequency. Demographic, clinical, and procedure-related variables were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 30, 2018, at the National Cancer Institute. Data distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A paired sample t-test (with a cut-off of P < 0.05 for statistical significance) was used for comparing outcome.Results: We observed a significant reduction in numerical rating scale (NRS) and douleur neuropathique 4 (DN4) scores from 7.6 ± 1.4 and 4.4 ± 1.4 to 3.2 ± 2.0 and 2.2 ± 1.4 points, respectively (P < 0.001). After the procedure, 70.8% of the patients were satisfied; 16.7% were very satisfied, and 12.5% were unsatisfied. No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. The most common neoplasms were head and neck tumors (83.3%).Conclusions: Our data suggest that CT guidance is an effective and safe option for managing cancer-related facial pain in patients with complex anatomy, resulting in a significant reduction in pain, high satisfaction rates, and no mechanical complications. Future research should aim to refine the role of CT guidance in multimodal pain management in this population.

Fluoroscopic Characterization of Colonic Dysmotility Associated to Opioid and Cannabinoid Agonists in Conscious Rats

Susana Díaz-Ruano,Ana E López-Pérez,Rocío Girón,Irene Pérez-García,María I Martín-Fontelles,Raquel Abalo 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims Gastrointestinal adverse effects have a major impact on health and quality of life in analgesics users. Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal motility are of high interest. Fluoroscopy has been previously used to study gastrointestinal motility in small experimental animals, but they were generally anesthetized and anesthesia itself may alter motility. In this study, our aim is to determine, in conscious rats, the effect of increasing doses of 2 opioid (morphine and loperamide) and 1 cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2) agonists on colonic motility using fluoroscopic recordings and spatio-temporal maps. Methods Male Wistar rats received barium sulfate intragastrically, 20–22 hours before fluoroscopy, so that stained fecal pellets could be seen at the time of recording. Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine, loperamide, or WIN 55,212-2 (at 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or their corresponding vehicles (saline, Cremophor, and Tocrisolve, respectively), 30 minutes before fluoroscopy. Rats were conscious and placed within movement-restrainers for the length of fluoroscopic recordings (120 seconds). Spatio-temporal maps were built, and different parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic recordings in a blinded fashion to evaluate colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets. Results The analgesic drugs inhibited propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Fluoroscopy allows studying colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in conscious rats. Our method may be applied to the noninvasive study of the effect of different drug treatments and pathologies. Background/Aims Gastrointestinal adverse effects have a major impact on health and quality of life in analgesics users. Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal motility are of high interest. Fluoroscopy has been previously used to study gastrointestinal motility in small experimental animals, but they were generally anesthetized and anesthesia itself may alter motility. In this study, our aim is to determine, in conscious rats, the effect of increasing doses of 2 opioid (morphine and loperamide) and 1 cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2) agonists on colonic motility using fluoroscopic recordings and spatio-temporal maps. Methods Male Wistar rats received barium sulfate intragastrically, 20–22 hours before fluoroscopy, so that stained fecal pellets could be seen at the time of recording. Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine, loperamide, or WIN 55,212-2 (at 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or their corresponding vehicles (saline, Cremophor, and Tocrisolve, respectively), 30 minutes before fluoroscopy. Rats were conscious and placed within movement-restrainers for the length of fluoroscopic recordings (120 seconds). Spatio-temporal maps were built, and different parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic recordings in a blinded fashion to evaluate colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets. Results The analgesic drugs inhibited propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Fluoroscopy allows studying colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in conscious rats. Our method may be applied to the noninvasive study of the effect of different drug treatments and pathologies.