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Anticholinesterase and Anticalaleptic Effects of Instant Coffee
Fu´ lvio Rieli Mendes,,Daniele Oliveira Ko¨ hn,Graziella Rigueira Molska,Lyvia Izaura Gomes de Paula-Freire,Giuseppina Negri,Elisaldo Arau´jo Carlini 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.10
Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse correlation between coffee consumption and the occurrence ofneurodegenerative diseases, but the role of caffeine and roasting degree are still matter of debate. The objective of this workwas to evaluate the effects of caffeinated (light, medium, and dark roast) and decaffeinated instant coffee samples inacetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition and antioxidant assays, as well as in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Caffeinatedcoffees inhibited the AchE in much smaller concentrations than decaffeinated coffee. All coffee samples showed antioxidantcapacity without relation with the caffeine content. Blockade in the haloperidol-induced catalepsy was observed with caffeinatedcoffee, but not in the decaffeinated sample. The medium-roast coffee reduced the number of rotations of rats aftermethamphetamine administration on the 6-hydroxydopamine unilateral lesion of the medial forebrain bundle. However, thecoffee treatment did not avoid the loss of dopaminergic neurons on substantia nigra pars compact and only the smallest dose ofcoffee was able to avoid the decrease of dopamine levels in the lesioned side of the striatum. Altogether, these results suggestthat coffee exerts moderate pro-cholinergic and pro-dopaminergic effects and caffeine seems to be the main factor responsiblefor these effects.
Nutritional and productive parameters of Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets containing cactus pear
Lucas Daniel Alcantara Borges,Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Junior,Flavio Pinto Moncao,Camila Soares,Jose Reinaldo Mendes Ruas,Fredson Vieira e Silva,Joao Paulo Sampaio Rigueira,Natanael Mendes Costa,Laura Lu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.9
Objective: This study ascertained effects of cactus pear in association with different roughage in the diet of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and performance. Methods: Eight cows with 72±11 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was simultaneous in two 4×4 Latin squares. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as exclusive roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as exclusive roughage; Diet 4, elephant grass associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. Results: Dry matter intake (p = 0.01) was higher with sorghum silage. There were differences in dry matter intake (p = 0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), ether extract (p = 0.01), non-fibrous carbohydrates (p<0.01) and total digestible nutrients (p = 0.01) among the diets. Cactus pear in the diet reduced water intake by 44.52% (p<0.01). The nitrogen balance was 59.71% and 27.49% lower in animals treated with exclusive sorghum silage and sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in relation to diets with elephant grass and elephant grass associated with cactus pear, respectively (p<0.01). The diets did not influence the milk production (p = 0.70), 3.5% fat corrected milk production (p = 0.72) or feed efficiency (p = 0.61). Conclusion: The association of cactus pear with sorghum or elephant grass silage does not alter milk production, reduces the intake of dry matter and water and improves the digestibility of nutrients.