Potential of four corn varieties at different harvest stages for silage production in Malaysia

Muhamad Hazim Nazli,Ridzwan Abdul Halim,Amin Mahir Abdullah,Ghazali Hussin,Anjas Asmara Samsudin 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.2

Objective: Apart from various climatic differences, corn harvest stage and varieties are two major factors that can influence the yield and quality of corn silage in the tropics. A study was conducted to determine the optimum harvest stage of four corn varieties for silage production in Malaysia. Methods: Corn was harvested at four growth stages; silking, milk, dough, and dent stages from four varieties; Sweet Corn hybrid 926, Suwan, breeding test line (BTL) 1 and BTL 2. Using a split plot design, the treatments were then analysed based on the plant growth performance, yield, nutritive and feeding values followed by a financial feasibility study for potential commercialization. Results: Significant differences and interactions were detected across the parameters suggesting varying responses among the varieties towards the harvest stages. Sweet Corn was best harvested early in the dough stage due to high dry matter (DM) yield, digestible nutrient, and energy content with low fibre portion. Suwan was recommended to be harvested at the dent stage when it gave the highest DM yield with optimum digestible nutrient and energy content with low acid detergent fibre. BTL 1 and BTL 2 varieties can either be harvested at dough or dent stages as the crude protein, crude fibre, DM yield, DM content, digestible nutrient and energy were not significantly different at either stage. Further financial analysis showed that only Sweet Corn production was not financially feasible while Suwan had the best financial appraisal values among the grain varieties. Conclusion: In conclusion, only the grain varieties tested had the potential for silage making according to their optimum harvest stage but Suwan is highly recommended for commercialization as it was the most profitable.

Effect of Fruit Canopy Position on Microenvironment and Fruit Physical and Chemical Development of Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) cv. B10 under Protected Cultivation

Zabedah Mahmood,M. Yusoff Abdullah,M. Ridzwan Abd. Halim,M. Fauzi Ramlan 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Potential of Flax Fiber Reinforced Biopolymer Composites for Cross-Arm Application in Transmission Tower: A Review

Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf,Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak,Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim,Abdul Latif Amir,Norizan Mohd Nurazzi,Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas,Mochamad Asrofi,Mazlan Rafidah,Muhammad Rizal Razman 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.4

Man-made composites are vastly implemented in various engineering applications, particularly in cross-arm component of latticed transmission tower. However, their practice in this sector has increased pollutant emissions and landfill areas. Thus, scientists and engineers have been driven to look for other ‘greener’ alternative materials that have low-cost and renewable sources. Flax fibers and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) biopolymer have been extensively used to develop vast green composite structural products because of their great mechanical behaviours. A comprehensive understanding of properties of composite materials is essential to evaluate their applicability, especially in structural applications. This manuscript discusses the physic-mechanical properties and processing and manufacturability of flax fiber, PLA biopolymer and their composites. This review also comprehensively discovers the potential of fabric flax fiber-reinforced PLA composites for cross-arm application. The chemical composition, extraction, treatment and fabrications of these fiber and biopolymer are elaborated deeply given that these aspects are essential for the development of green composite cross-arm.

A Multi-Class Classifier of Modified Convolution Neural Network by Dynamic Hyperplane of Support Vector Machine

Nur Suhailayani Suhaimi,Zalinda Othman,Mohd Ridzwan Yaakub International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.11

In this paper, we focused on the problem of evaluating multi-class classification accuracy and simulation of multiple classifier performance metrics. Multi-class classifiers for sentiment analysis involved many challenges, whereas previous research narrowed to the binary classification model since it provides higher accuracy when dealing with text data. Thus, we take inspiration from the non-linear Support Vector Machine to modify the algorithm by embedding dynamic hyperplanes representing multiple class labels. Then we analyzed the performance of multi-class classifiers using macro-accuracy, micro-accuracy and several other metrics to justify the significance of our algorithm enhancement. Furthermore, we hybridized Enhanced Convolution Neural Network (ECNN) with Dynamic Support Vector Machine (DSVM) to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the classifier towards multi-class text data. We performed experiments on three hybrid classifiers, which are ECNN with Binary SVM (ECNN-BSVM), and ECNN with linear Multi-Class SVM (ECNN-MCSVM) and our proposed algorithm (ECNNDSVM). Comparative experiments of hybrid algorithms yielded 85.12 % for single metric accuracy; 86.95 % for multiple metrics on average. As for our modified algorithm of the ECNN-DSVM classifier, we reached 98.29 % micro-accuracy results with an f-score value of 98 % at most. For the future direction of this research, we are aiming for hyperplane optimization analysis.

Influence of Municipal Wastewater on Rice Seed Germination, Seedling Performance, Nutrient Uptake, and Chlorophyll Content

Adam Bin Puteh,Umaru Mohamed Gassama,Mohamed Ridzwan Abd-Halim,Bashiru Kargbo 한국작물학회 2015 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.18 No.1

The sand medium experiment was conducted in the laboratory with the aim of evaluating the suitability of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) for irrigation purposes on seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice (MR220). The utilization of municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes has developed an important way to exploit the nutrients it contains. The study indicated a significant (P < 0.05) difference between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for seedling length (SL), root volume (RV), root surface area (RSA), seedling vigor index (SVI), and root : shoot ratio (R : S) while no significant different was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for germination percentage (GP) and percentage phytotoxicity (PPT). The municipal wastewaters had stimulatory effect on the rice seeds at lower wastewater concentrations (< 25%) while inhibitory effect was observed at higher wastewater concentrations (> 50%). N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn were high in the untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seedlings irrigated with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination, seedling performance with high nutrient uptake compare to treated municipal wastewater. The municipal wastewaters showed inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content. The inhibition effect was observed at > 50% concentration of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (< 25%) concentration. The rice MR220 variety showed better growth resistance, tolerance, and adaptability to wastewater. This can be due to its excellent genetic makeup and capacity to sustain the toxicity. Conclusively, municipal wastewater could be recommended as a good source of water and nutrient for seed germination and seedling performance.

Simulation and experimental study on distortion of butt and T-joints using WELD PLANNER

Mohd Shahar Sulaiman,Yupiter HP Manurung,Esa Haruman,Mohammad Ridzwan Abdul Rahim,Mohd Ridhwan Redza,Robert Ngendang Ak. Lidam,Sunhaji Kiyai Abas,Ghalib Tham,Chan Yin Chau 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.10

This paper investigates the capability of linear thermal elastic numerical analysis to predict the welding distortion that occurs due to GMAW process. Distortion is considered as the major stumbling block that can adversely affect the dimensional accuracy and thus lead to expensive corrective work. Hence, forecast of distortion is crucially needed and ought to be determined in advance in order to minimize the negative effects, improve the quality of welded parts and finally to reduce the production costs. In this study, the welding deformation was simulated by using relatively new FEM software WELD PLANNER developed by ESI Group. This novel Welding Simulation Solution was employed to predict welding distortion induced in butt and T-joints with thickness of 4 mm. Low carbon steel material was used for the simulation and experimental study. A series of experiments using fully automated welding process were conducted for verification purpose to measure the distortion. By comparing between the simulation and experimental results, it was found out that this program code offered fast solution analysis time in estimating weld induced distortion within acceptable accuracy.

The Mechanical Performance of Sugar Palm Fibres (Ijuk) Reinforced Phenolic Composites

Bushra Rashid,Zulkiflle Leman,Mohammad Jawaid,Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali,Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.8

Sugar palm fibres are one of the natural fibres which have many features and need further study to understand their properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the flexural, compressive and impact properties of sugar palm fibres reinforced phenolic composites. Sugar palm fibres were used as a filler (particle size 150 μm) and with loading of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%. The fibres were treated by sea water and then fabricated into composites by hot press technique. Flexural, compressive, and impact tests were carried out as per ASTM D790, ASTM D695-08a, and ASTM D256 standards, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology and the interfacial bonding of the fibres-matrix in composites. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites improve with the incorporation of fibres. The composite of 30 vol.% particle loading exhibit optimum values which are 32.23 MPa, 61.66 MPa, and 4.12 kJ/m2 for flexural, compressive, and impact strength, respectively. This was because good compatibility of fibre-matrix bonding. Consequently, sugar palm fibre is one of the prospective fibres and could be used as a potential resource to reinforcement polymer composite.

Lateral Crushing Properties of Non-Woven Kenaf (Mat)- Reinforced Epoxy Composite Hexagonal Tubes

Munir Faraj Almbrouk Alkbir,Mohd Sapuan b. Salit,Nuraini bt. Abdul Aziz,Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.7

The current study investigated the energy absorption capability and load carrying capacity of non-woven natural kenaf fiber (mat)/ epoxy–hexagonal composite tubes subjected to a lateral quasi-static crushing test. The hexagonal composite tubes were manufactured by the hand lay-up technique. Natural non-woven kenaf (mat) was chosen as reinforcement due to low cost, low specific weight, easy processing, no need for tooling when dealing with the raw material, and no skin irritation and epoxy resin was used as the matrix to manufacture three configurations of β=40o, β=50o and β=60o of natural non-woven kenaf (mat)/epoxy laminate. The effects of hexagonal angles, supporting plate inside the tubes, and failure modes were studied by a lateral compression test. The crashworthiness of the tubes was evaluated by analysis of the specific energy absorption in quasi-static lateral compression. Specific energy absorption (SEA) was obtained from the load–displacement curve during testing. The failure mode of the tubes was analyzed from high-resolution photographs. Overall, the tube with β=40o had the best crashworthiness among the tubes. Furthermore, the results showed that the tubes with supporting plates have better specific energy absorption for all tested specimens and exhibited approximately 69% better crashworthiness than the non-supporting ones. The results also demonstrated that all specimens failed by the longitudinal failure mode.