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PHILIPPINE EXPORT EFFICIENCY AND POTENTIAL IN ASEAN TRADE
Richelle Jane Dela Rosa Robles,Yolanda T. Garcia,Zenaida M. Sumalde 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
The Philippines is considered as one of the world’s oldest open economies because of its active trading participation in the world market. This study was conducted to estimate the trade efficiency and potential level of Philippine exports to ASEAN countries in both agriculture and manufacturing sectors. It also explored the effect of “Behind-the-border” and “Beyond-the-border” factors on the said export efficiency and potential. The Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model was employed to measure the export efficiency and potential of the Philippine trade at the frontier. Results of the study show that on the average, Philippine manufacturing goods were more efficiently exported to ASEAN neighbors. Manufacturing export efficiency level of the Philippines totaled to 51% compared with 50% efficiency level for the agriculture sector. Higher export potential was also observed in the manufacturing sector. Further analyses show that the export efficiencies and potentials in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors were influenced more by factors that were beyond the Philippines’ control. Specifically, the export efficiency of the agricultural sector was significantly affected by “beyond-the-border” institution while the manufacturing sector was influenced by institution and exchange rate. Moreover, the export potentials of the agricultural sector were positively contributed by exchange rate and institution while manufacturing by infrastructure. On the other hand, “behind-the-border” infrastructure was the only factor that affects the export potential of both sectors. Based on the results, policy implications on how to improve the Philippine export efficiencies and potentials for the agricultural and manufacturing sectors were forwarded.
Transthyretin: A Transporter Protein Essential for Proliferation of Myoblast in the Myogenic Program
Lee, Eun Ju,Pokharel, Smritee,Jan, Arif Tasleem,Huh, Soyeon,Galope, Richelle,Lim, Jeong Ho,Lee, Dong-Mok,Choi, Sung Wook,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Kim, Yong-Woon,Park, So-Young,Choi, Inho MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.1
<P>Irregularities in the cellular uptake of thyroid hormones significantly affect muscle development and regeneration. Herein, we report indispensable role of transthyretin (TTR) in maintaining cellular thyroxine level. TTR was found to enhance recruitment of muscle satellite cells to the site of injury, thereby regulating muscle regeneration. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunofluorescence analysis of TTR<SUB>wt</SUB> (TTR wild type) and TTR<SUB>kd</SUB> (TTR knock-down) cells revealed that TTR controlled cell cycle progression by affecting the expression of Cyclin A2. Deiodinase 2 (D2) mediated increases in triiodothyronine levels were found to regulate the expression of myogenic marker, myogenin (MYOG). Moreover, use of a coumarin derivative (CD) revealed a significant reduction in cellular thyroxine, thereby indicating that TTR play a role in the transport of thyroxine. Taken together, these findings suggest that TTR mediated transport of thyroxine represents a survival mechanism necessary for the myogenic program. The results of this study will be highly useful to the strategic development of novel therapeutics to combat muscular dystrophies.</P>
Lisette Dekker,Michiel T.J. Bak,Willem A. Bemelman,Richelle J.F. Felt-Bersma,Ingrid J.M. Han-Geurts 대한대장항문학회 2022 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.38 No.2
Purpose: Standard therapy for grade III hemorrhoids is rubber band ligation (RBL) and hemorrhoidectomy. The long-term clinical and patient-reported outcomes of these treatments in a tertiary referral center for proctology were evaluated. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in all patients with grade III hemorrhoids who were treated between January 2013 and August 2018. Medical history, symptoms, reinterventions, complications, and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROM) were retrieved from individual electronic patient files, which were prospectively entered as standard questionnaires in our clinic. Results: Overall, 327 patients (163 males) were treated by either RBL (n=182) or hemorrhoidectomy (n=145). The median follow-up was 44 months. The severity of symptoms and patient preference led to the treatment of choice. The most commonly experienced symptoms were prolapse (83.2%) and blood loss (69.7%). Hemorrhoidectomy was effective in 95.9% of the cases as a single procedure, while a single RBL procedure was only effective in 51.6%. In the RBL group, 34.6% received a second RBL session. Complications were not significantly different, 11 (7.6%) after hemorrhoidectomy versus 6 (3.3%) after RBL. However, 4 fistulas developed after hemorrhoidectomy and none after RBL (P<0.05). The pre-procedure PROM score was higher in the hemorrhoidectomy group whereas the post-procedure PROM score did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: Treatment of grade III hemorrhoids usually requires more than one session RBL whereas 1-time hemorrhoidectomy suffices. Complications were more common after hemorrhoidectomy. The patient-related outcome did not differ between procedures.