The Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC imprints phenotypic memory in <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> spores by phosphorylating the glycolytic enzyme enolase

Virmani, Richa,Sajid, Andaleeb,Singhal, Anshika,Gaur, Mohita,Joshi, Jayadev,Bothra, Ankur,Garg, Richa,Misra, Richa,Singh, Vijay Pal,Molle, Virginie,Goel, Ajay K.,Singh, Archana,Kalia, Vipin C.,Lee, Ju American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2019 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.294 No.22

<P><I>Bacillus anthracis</I> is the causative agent of anthrax in humans, bovine, and other animals. <I>B. anthracis</I> pathogenesis requires differentiation of dormant spores into vegetative cells. The spores inherit cellular components as phenotypic memory from the parent cell, and this memory plays a critical role in facilitating the spores' revival. Because metabolism initiates at the beginning of spore germination, here we metabolically reprogrammed <I>B. anthracis</I> cells to understand the role of glycolytic enzymes in this process. We show that increased expression of enolase (Eno) in the sporulating mother cell decreases germination efficiency. Eno is phosphorylated by the conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC which decreases the catalytic activity of Eno. We found that phosphorylation also regulates Eno expression and localization, thereby controlling the overall spore germination process. Using MS analysis, we identified the sites of phosphorylation in Eno, and substitution(s) of selected phosphorylation sites helped establish the functional correlation between phosphorylation and Eno activity. We propose that PrkC-mediated regulation of Eno may help sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I> cells in adapting to nutrient deprivation. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that in sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I>, PrkC imprints phenotypic memory that facilitates the germination process.</P>

Effect of Fading on Performance of VANET in Realistic Scenarios Using NCTUns6.0

Richa Sharma,Jyoteesh Malhotra,Komal Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.1

Road safety and increasing transport efficiency are the important goals for intelligent transport system (ITS). Vehicular Ad hoc Network is such a network which can help to achieve these goals. VANET routing is a crucial task for reliable communication among vehicles. The impact of fading on network throughput and packet drop is explored in this paper. Interesting results show the performance evaluation of without fading environment and Rayleigh fading in different scenarios. NCTUns 6.0 (National Chiao Tung University Network Simulator) is used to justify our results that is a GUI based open source platform for vehicular Ad-Hoc network. Various performance issues are also surveyed with the help of this simulator.

Comparative study of anti‑allergic activity of two poly‑herbal formulations in ova‑challenged allergic rhinitis mice model

Richa Srivastava,Sajal Srivastava,Satya Prakash Singh 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.1

This study was to prepare a novel in situ gel system for nasal delivery of poly-herbal extracts and study its efficacy on the allergic rhinitis model. The main purpose is to compare the efficacy of poly-herbal nasal drops and in situ gel. A temperature depended in situ gel was developed and characterized with gellan gum as a carrier. The system was stable kept at 40 ± 2 °C for 6 months, and the micrographic results showed that in situ gel was safety without mucous irritation when given daily for 26 days to mice with allergic rhinitis that the effect of drops for the treatment. Extracts in gellan gum produced obviously effect on allergic rhinitis at the doses of 20 g/body following intranasal administration, and the efficacy was significantly superior to that of the drops (p < 0.01). This study uses Kruskal–Wallis test analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunn’s test for the first time to develop, optimize the formulation and assess factors affecting the critical quality attributes. Histopathological study of the nasal mucosa suggested that the formulation was safe for nasal administration. The statistical difference in absolute bioavailability between drop and in situ gel by nasal route suggested that in situ gel had almost 21% increase in bioavailability for Moringa oleifera and for Embelia Ribes in combination there was a 16% increase over drop formulations. Thus the situ gel system is a promising approach for the intranasal delivery of polyherbal extracts for the therapeutic effect improvement.

An evaluation of the relative urbanisation in peri-urban villages affected by industrialisation: the case study of Bhiwandi in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India

Richa Kandpal,Izuru Saizen 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India has a history of uneven development with a concentration of population and employment in the urban core of Mumbai city. Recently, there has been an increased rate of development in other nodes outside Mumbai city. Evaluating the intra-regional inequalities will facilitate more focused planning based on contextual issues. The peri-urban villages of Bhiwandi Surrounding Notified Area are among the least planned areas within the metropolitan region, witnessing intensive industrial development and a host of other resultant problems. This study focuses on the calculation of a measure of relative urbanisation for these villages in order to identify areas that are at an advanced stage of transition from rural to urban. The measure is based upon demographic, social, economic, spatial and infrastructural parameters. Variables were selected with reference to existing research in the field of indices for urbanity and the definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ in context of India, and comprehensive scores were generated for each village. The results guide the theoretical analysis of the pattern of development in the region and the influence of urbanisation on the socio-economic changes and living conditions in the villages. Further, this study discusses the formulation of customised planning policies for different categories of peri-urban villages in the Indian context. Since the development in these villages is driven primarily by secondary and tertiary sector employment, it can be concluded that the traditional consideration of ‘rural’ as being predominantly agricultural should be reassessed for peri-urban villages.

Reconstruction and Exploratory Analysis of mTORC1 Signaling Pathway and Its Applications to Various Diseases Using Network-Based Approach

( Richa Buddham ),( Sweety Chauhan ),( Priyanka Narad ),( Puniti Mathur ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.3

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase member of the cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is involved in multiple biological functions by transcriptional and translational control. mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and plays a critical role in cell survival. In cancer, this pathway can be activated by membrane receptors, including the HER (or ErbB) family of growth factor receptors, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, and the estrogen receptor. In the present work, we congregated an electronic network of mTORC1 built on an assembly of data using natural language processing, consisting of 470 edges (activations/interactions and/or inhibitions) and 206 nodes representing genes/proteins, using the Cytoscape 3.6.0 editor and its plugins for analysis. The experimental design included the extraction of gene expression data related to five distinct types of cancers, namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatic cirrhosis, cervical cancer, glioblastoma, and anaplastic thyroid cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) followed by pre-processing and normalization of the data using R & Bioconductor. ExprEssence plugin was used for network condensation to identify differentially expressed genes across the gene expression samples. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to find out the over-represented GO terms in the network. In addition, pathway enrichment and functional module analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were also conducted. Our results indicated NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FLCN, SOD1, SOD2, NF1, and TLR4 as upregulated proteins in different cancer types highlighting their role in cancer progression. The MCODE analysis identified gene clusters for each cancer type with MYC, PCNA, PARP1, IDH1, FGF10, PTEN, and CCND1 as hub genes with high connectivity. MYC for cervical cancer, IDH1 for hepatic cirrhosis, MGMT for glioblastoma and CCND1 for anaplastic thyroid cancer were identified as genes with prognostic importance using survival analysis.

Reliability analysis of an embedded system with multiple vacations and standby

Richa Sharma,Manju Kaushik,Gireesh Kumar 한국신뢰성학회 2015 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.16 No.1

This investigation deals with reliability and sensitivity analysis of a repairable embedded system with standby wherein repairman takes multiple vacations. The hardware system consists of ‘M’ operating and ‘S’ standby components. The repairman can leave for multiple vacations of random length during its idle time. Whenever any operating unit fails, it is immediately replaced by a standby unit if available. Moreover, governing equations of an embedded system are constructed using appropriate birth-death rates. The vacation and repair time of repairman are exponentially distributed. The matrix method is used to find the steady-state probabilities of the number of failed components in the embedded system as well as other performance measures. Reliability indexes are presented. Further, numerical experiments are carried out for various system characteristics to examine the effects of different parameter. Using a special class of neuro-fuzzy systems i.e. Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Interference Systems (ANFIS), we also approximate various performance measures. Finally, the conclusions and future research directions are provided.

Performance Analysis of Fuzzy based RED for Congestion Control in MANET

Richa Rai,Laxmi Shrivastava,Sarita Singh Bhadauria 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.5

In today’s world, nothing seems to be impossible, due to the astonishing advancements in science and technology. Now days, many humans are dependent on internet for their daily chores. But, congestion is one of the major issues, which affects the performance of such data networks. Thus, in order to control congestion, various schemes have been developed. In this research paper, the active queue management (AQM) scheme i.e. random early detection (RED) AQM algorithm is modified using fuzzy logic MATLAB tool, in such a manner that the efficient and reliable performance of the network can be maintained and improved as well. The results are verified with the help of QualNet 6.1 network simulator.

Overexpression of RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) Induces Extremely Early Flowering in Rice

Richa Pasriga,윤진미,조래현,안균흥 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.5

RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) is a major florigen that functions to induce reproductive development in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To further our study of RFT1, we overexpressed the gene and examined the expression patterns of major regulatory genes during floral transition and inflorescence development. Overexpression induced extremely early flowering in the transgenics, and a majority of those calli directly formed spikelets with a few spikelets, thus bypassing normal vegetative development. FRUITFULL (FUL)-clade genes OsMADS14, OsMADS15, and OsMADS18 were highly induced in the RFT1-expressing meristems. Os-MADS34 was also induced in the meristems. This indicated that RFT1 promotes the expression of major regulatory genes that are important for inflorescence development. RFT1 overexpression also induced SEPALLATA (SEP)-clade genes OsMADS1, OsMADS5, and OsMADS7 in the greening calli before floral transition occurred. This suggested their possible roles at the early reproductive stages. We found it interesting that expression of OsFD1 as well as OsFD2 and OsFD3 was strongly increased in the RFT1-expressing calli and spikelets. At a low frequency, those calli produced plants with a few leaves that generated a panicle with a small number of spikelets. In the transgenic leaves, the FULclade genes and OsMADS34 were induced, but SEP-clade gene expression was not increased. This indicated that Os-MADS14, OsMADS15, OsMADS18, and OsMADS34 act immediately downstream of RFT1.

Performance Analysis of Cost Effective Portable Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

Richa Parmar,Chandan Banerjee,Arun K. Tripathi 한국태양광발전학회 2021 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.9 No.2

Solar water pumping system (SWPS) is reliable and beneficial for Indian farmers in irrigation and crop production without accessing utility. The capability of easy installation and deployment, makes it an attractive option in remote areas without grid access. The selection of portable solar based pumps is pertaining to its longer life and economic viability due to lower running cost. The work presented in this manuscript intends to demonstrate performance analysis of portable systems. Consequent investigation reveals PSWS as the emerging option for rural household and marginal farmers. This can be attributed to the fact that, a considerable portion (around 45.7%) of the country’s land is farmland and irrigation options are yet to reach farmers who entirely rely on rain water at present for harvesting of the crops. According to census 2010-2011 tube wells are the main source for irrigation amongst all other sources followed by canals. Out of the total 64.57-million-hectare net irrigation area, 48.16% is accounted by small and marginal holdings, 43.77% by semi-medium and medium holdings, and 8.07% by large holdings. As per 2015-16 census data, nearly 100 million farming households would struggle to make ends meet. The work included in this manuscript, presents the performance of different commercial brands and different technologies of DC surface solar water micro pumping systems have been studied (specifically, the centrifugal and reciprocating type pumps have been considered for analysis). The performance of the pumping systems has been analyzed and data is evaluated in terms of quantity of water impelled for specific head. The reciprocating pump has been observed to deliver the best system efficiency.

Biotinylated polyethylene glycol anchored magnetotactic bacteria for enhanced biodistribution of drugs

Richa Chaturvedi,Yumin Kang,Yunji Eom,Sri Ramulu Torati,CheolGi Kim 한국자기학회 2022 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.32 No.1