권위, 법 그리고 도덕

Joseph Raz,권경휘 한국법철학회 2009 법철학연구 Vol.12 No.1

법적 근거, 원천 그리고 흠결

( Joseph Raz ),권경휘(옮김) ( Kyung-hwi Kwon ) 연세법학회(구 연세법학연구회) 2016 연세법학 Vol.28 No.-

이 글에서는 모든 법들이 사회적 원천을 가지고 있다고 본다. 다음과 같은 것들을 주장한다. 1. 법적 원천은 행위의 근거이다. 2. “법적으로 금지되어 있지 않은 모든 것은 법적으로 허가되어 있다”와 같은 완결성의 규칙은 논리적인 진리이다. 3. 그럼에도 불구하고 법적 흠결은 불가피하게 존재한다. This article assumes that all laws have social sources. It is argued: 1. that legal sources are reasons for action; 2. that closure rules such as `whatever is not legally prohibited is legally permitted` are logical truths; 3. that, nevertheless, legal gaps are inevitable. Raisons legales, origines et lacunes Cette etude presume que toutes les lois ont des origines sociales et soutient: 1. que les sources legales sont causes a actions en justice; 2. que les regles de cloture comme `ce qui n`est pas legalement interdit est legalement permis` sont des verites logiques; 3. que neanmoins, les lacunes juridiques sont inevitables.

World-Wide Commercial Applications of Colored Shade Nets Technology (ChromatiNet<SUP>®</SUP>)

Raz Ganelevin 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

법적 효력

Joseph Raz,권경휘 한국법철학회 2010 법철학연구 Vol.13 No.2

The following theses are explained and defended: ① A valid law is a law which has the normative consequences it purports to have, i.e. it succeeds in imposing the duties and conferring the rights it purports to impose and confer. ② A legally valid law which is valid because it belongs to a legal system. ③ Though most statements of legal rights and duties are simply statements of rights and duties people have because of the law, sine such statements are detached, that is they do not assert the existence of such rights or duties but only their existence from the legal point of view.

법이론의 본성에 관한 두 가지 관점 -부분적인 비교-

( Joseph Raz ),권경휘 ( Kyung-hwi Kwon ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2016 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

이 논문의 목적은 다음과 같은 점들을 설명하는 것이다. 첫째, 드워킨이 하트와 다른 법철학자들이 "법"이라는 단어의 의미에 관심을 가지고 있다고 잘못 생각한 이유를 설명하고자 한다. 둘째, 그럼에도 불구하고 만약 의미론적 독침이 "법"이라는 단어의 의미에 대한 설명을 논박하는 타당한 논변이라면 그것은 하트에 의하여 제시 된 것을 포함하여 법의 개념에 대한 모든 설명 역시 논박하는 타당한 논변인 이유를 설명하고자 한다. 셋째, 그것이 왜 타당한 논변이지 못한가를 설명하고자 한다. 이러 한 결론에 대한 근거로 이 글에서 제시하는 것은 하트의 근거와 다르다. 하트의 답변 은 의미론적 독침 논변을 비껴가는 것이다. 즉, 그것이 누군가를 찌를 수는 있겠지만 하트 자신은 그 대상이 아니라는 것이다. 만약 의미론적 독침 논변이 타당한 것이면 그것은 법에 대한 하트의 설명을 찌른다는 드워킨의 주장에 동의한다. (비록 그의 근거들에 전적으로 동의하는 것은 아니지만 말이다.) 그러나 필자는 그 논변이 타당 하지 않다고 생각한다. 넷째, 어떠한 잘못된 생각들 때문에 드워킨이 법철학의 본성 에 관한 세 번째 테제, 즉 법리학은 모든 법적 결정에 있어서 드러나지 않는 시작점이 라는 테제에 동의하게 되었는지를 설명하고자 한다. In this essay my aim is to explain (1) why Dworkin was wrong to think that Hart and others were concerned with the meaning of the word ``law``; (2) why nevertheless if the semantic sting is a good argument against explanations of the meaning of the word ``law`` it is also a good argument against any explanation of the concept of law, including that which Hart provides; and (3) why it is a bad argument. My reason for this last conclusion will be different from Hart``s. Hart``s response is to deflect the argument: it may sting, but I(Hart) am not its target. I agree with Dworkin (though not entirely for his reasons) that if the argument is good then Hart``s explanation of law is stung by it. I do not think, however, that the argument is valid. I will then (4) explain some mistakes that may have led Dworkin to endorse his third thesis about the nature of legal philosophy, namely the thesis that jurisprudence is a silent prologue to any legal decision.

Urinary Tract Infection in Postmenopausal Women

Raul Raz 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.12

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women in general and in postmenopausal women in particular. Two groups of elderly women with recurrent UTI should be differentiated regarding age and general status: healthy, young postmenopausal women aged 50 to 70 years who are neither institutionalized or catheterized and elderly institutionalized women with or without a catheter. Bacteriuria occurs more often in elderly functionally impaired women, but in general it is asymptomatic. However, the risk factors associated with recurrent UTI in elderly women are not widely described. In a multivariate analysis it was found that urinary incontinence, a history of UTI before menopause, and nonsecretor status were strongly associated with recurrent UTI in young postmenopausal women. Another study described the incidence and risk factors of acute cystitis among nondiabetic and diabetic postmenopausal women. Independent predictors of infection included insulin-treated patients and a lifetime history of urinary infection. Borderline associations included a history of vaginal estrogen cream use in the past month, kidney stones, and asymptomatic bacteriuria at baseline. Another important factor in postmenopausal women is the potential role that estrogen deficiency plays in the development of bacteriuria. There are at least two studies showing a beneficial effect of estrogen in the management of recurrent bacteriuria in elderly women. One of these studies showed that vaginal estrogen cream reduced vaginal pH from 5.5±0.7 to 3.6±1.0, restored lactobacillus, and decreased new episodes of UTI. Another study reported similar results using an estriol vaginal ring. However, contradictory results are found in the literature. For example, additional studies found that the use of estriol-containing vaginal pessaries was less effective than oral nitrofurantoin macrocrystals in preventing UTI in postmenopausal women. Two other studies also did not find any benefit in the reduction of UTI by oral estrogen therapy. Unfortunately, the use of estrogen in preventing UTI in postmenopausal women remains questionable. New strategies have been researched for reducing the use of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of UTI. Two of them are probiotics and cranberry juice or capsules. Although several studies regarding probiotics and cranberry juice or capsules have reported a reduction of episodes of UTI, there is no conclusive evidence that they are useful in the prevention of UTI in postmenopausal women. As for the optimal drug, dosage, and length of treatment for UTI in the elderly, there are no studies comparing these data with the treatment for young women.

Alternative Forms, Same Emotions? Organizational Culture and Labor Relations in Contemporary Japan

Aviad E. Raz 한국고용노사관계학회 2006 産業關係硏究 Vol.16 No.1

The once-dominant organizational culture of Japanese-style management, which has been reserved for a minority of regular male employees from its start, is being gradually eroded. This organizational culture merged between the ‘three pillars’ of lifetime employment, seniority system and enterprise unionism, and a discourse of paternalism, benevolence and trust. Ethnographic research conducted in Japan during 1996-1997 and 2000-2001 on co-partnership management and the National Union of General Workers shows that while new forms of labor relations have been implemented, they are still informed by the psychological and social discourse characteristic of traditional organizational culture. Two complementary perspectives, contingency theory and internal labor markets, are discussed in order to explain the persistence of the traditional discourse.

Low Loss La5-xSrxTi4+xAl1-xO17 Ceramics for Microwave Dielectric Applications

Yaseen Iqbal,Raz Muhammad 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.3

La5-xSrxTi4+xAl1-xO17 (x = 0, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30) ceramics were prepared through a mixed oxide solid state sintering route and characterized in terms of phase, crystal structure, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties. La5Ti4AlO17 exhibited reasonable relative permittivity εr ~ 42, a high quality factor Q×fo ~ 18906 GHz but the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency τf ~ −19 ppm/°C was too low for practical applications. In order to tune τf through zero, Sr was substituted for La which increased εr to 47.1, decreased Q×fo to 16678 GHz and decreased negative τf to −4.8 ppm/°C at x = 0.25. The observed decrease in negative τf may be due an increase in tolerance factor and hence change in tilt scheme of BO6 octahedra as a result of substitution of larger cations for smaller cations.

Performance of Pulse Shaped OFDM for Interchannel Interference Reduction

Hongku Kang,Shalom Raz,Kanghee Kim,Yeyun Kho,Kiseon Kim 대한전자공학회 2003 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11

Relationship of the Big Five Personality Traits and Risk Aversion with Investment Intention of Individual Investors

SARWAR, Danish,SARWAR, Bilal,RAZ, Muhammad Asif,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,MUHAMMAD, Noor,AZHAR, Usman,ZAMAN, Nadeem uz,KASI, Mumraiz Khan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.12

This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.