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Targeted images of KB cells using folate-conjugated gold nanoparticles
Rathinaraj, Pierson,Lee, Kyubae,Park, Soo-Young,Kang, Inn-Kyu Springer US 2015 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.10 No.1
<P>Mercaptosuccinic acid-coated gold (GM) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Folic acid (F) was then conjugated to the GM to preferentially target oral squamous cancer (KB) cells with folate receptors expressed on their membranes and facilitate the transit of the nanoparticles across the cell membrane. Finally, a fluorescence dye (Atto) was conjugated to the nanoparticles to visualize their internalization into KB cells. After culture of the cells in a medium containing GM and folate-conjugated GM (GF), the interaction of surface-modified gold nanoparticles with KB cells was studied.</P>
Efficacy of the Multifidus Retraining Program in Computer Professionals with Chronic Low Back Pain
Leo Rathinaraj Antony Soundararajan,Sreeja Mannickal Thankappan 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Purpose: To contrast the efficacy of two exercise programs—multifidus retraining program (MRP) and traditional back exercises (TBE)—on pain and functional disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. Overview of Literature: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Mechanical low back pain does not involve nerve roots. Stability of the spine is provided by the ligaments and muscles of the lower back and abdomen. Although weakness of the superficial trunk and abdominal muscles are the primary risk factors, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of weakness and lack of control of the deep trunk muscles, especially the multifidus and transverse abdominis muscles. Therefore, exercises to restore optimal lumbar multifidus function are important in rehabilitation strategies. Methods: Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to receive TBE, where exercises focused on the superficial muscles of abdomen and low back (control, group A) and MRP, where exercises focused on the deep multifidus muscles fibers (experimental, group B). Groups were examined to find the effect of these exercises on visual analog scale rated pain (visual analogical scale) and functional disability assessed by the Oswestry disability questionnaire. The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks on alternate days, with 20 repetitions of each exercise, with each move held for 5–8 seconds. Subjects were evaluated at the start of the study and after completion of the 6-week exercise program. Results: As compared to baseline, both treatments were effective in relieving pain and improving disability (p <0.001). The MRP group had significant gains for pain and functional disability when compared to the TBE group (both p <0.001). Conclusions: Both techniques lessen pain and reduce disability. MRP is superior to TBE in reducing pain and improving function.