치환에 의해서 야기되는 Benzene ring의 변형에 관한 고찰

서정선,조정랑 명지대학교 1978 明大論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The small deformations induced by subtitution in the skeletal geometry of the benzene ring are analysed in detail in a number of monosubstituted benzene derivatives. It is shown that the available structural data, which come mainly from room Temperature X-ray diffraction experiments, are unsuitable for a detailed investigation of the bond length distrbution within the ring, because of the effects of the thermal motion. They are suitable, however, for a study of the internal bond angles. The observed dependence of the ring geometry upon the σ-electronwithdrawing or-releasing properties of the substituent and the extent of its conjugation with the ring is discussed in terms of ① hybridization effects at the carbon atom at which substitution takes places ② valence shell electron pair repulsions ③ intramolecular non-bonded interactions, and ④ coulombic attractions between formally charged atoms. If appears that the experimental evidence is best rationalized in terms of either hybridization changes or valence shell electron pair repulsions.

Charge Structure of the Combined System (La0.6Sr0.4MnO₃)0.7(La0.6Sr0.4FeO₃)0.3 as Investigated by Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Young Rang Uhm,Sam Jin Kim,Chul Sung Kim 한국자기학회 2002 Journal of Magnetics Vol.7 No.1

The charge structures of La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ (LSMO) and of the combined system (La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)MnO₃)_(0.7)(La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃)_(0.3) are investigated by using Mossbauer spectroscopy. The antiferromagnetically ordered La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃(LSFO) has possible charges of Fe³+ and Fe⁴+, which include a low-spin Fe⁴+ state at and above 230 K. The temperature dependences of the Mossbauer spectra for the La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ system and for the combined (LSMO)_(0.7)(LSFO)_(0.3) system are fitted as three sets of Zeeman patterns corresponding to Fe³+ and Fe⁴+ below 230 K. At and above 230 K, the fitted Mossbauer spectra for the combined system are the same in all temperature ranges. Above 230 K, La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ spectrum consists of two sets of six Lorentzians for Fe³+ and one line for low spin Fe⁴+. It is worth noting that large fields are induced in the combined system.

Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Color Stability of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements

Kim, Ah-Rang,Jeon, Yong-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Huh, Jung-Bo Korean Academy of Dental Science 2015 Journal of korean dental science Vol.8 No.2

Purpose: The effect of accelerated aging on color stability of various dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Color stability was examined using three different brands of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements: G-CEM LinkAce (GC America), MaxCem Elite (Kerr), and PermaCem 2.0 (DMG) with the equivalent color shade. Each resin cement was filled with Teflon mold which has 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Each specimen was light cured for 20 seconds using light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit. In order to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color stability, color parameters (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) and color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were measured at three times: immediately, after 24 hours, and after thermocycling. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values were analyzed using Friedman test and ${\Delta}E^*$ values on the effect of 24 hours and accelerated aging were analyzed using t-test. These values were compared with the limit value of color difference (${\Delta}E^*=3.7$) for dental restoration. One-way ANOVA and Scheff's test (P<0.05) were performed to analyze each ${\Delta}E^*$ values between cements at each test period. Result: There was statistically significant difference in comparison of color specification ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) values after accelerated aging except $L^*$ value of G-CEM LinkAce (P<0.05). After 24 hours, color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 2.47 to 3.48 and $L^*$ values decreased and $b^*$ values increased in all types of cement and MaxCem Elite had high color stability (P<0.05). After thermocycling, color change's tendency of cement was varied and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 0.82 to 2.87 and G-CEM LinkAce had high color stability (P<0.05). Conclusion: Color stability of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements after accelerated aging was evaluated and statistically significant color changes occurred within clinically acceptable range.

골프장연습장 이용 고객의 전환장벽 요인에 따른 시장세분화

김애랑(Ae Rang Kim),전호문(Ho Moon Jun),조우정(Woo Jeong Cho) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.53

The purpose of this study was to segment the customers of driving range by clustering them based on switching barriers. The second purpose was to identify the characteristics of each cluster. The third purpose was to examine the differences of satisfaction and switching intentions of each cluster. In order to measure the switching barriers, 13 items divided into 3 factors, which were 7 items for switching cost (Cronbach`s α = .875), 3 items for interpersonal relationship (Cronbach`s α = .686), and 3 items for attraction of alternatives (Cronbach`s α = .764) were used. A total of 431 responses were analyzed with the statistical methods such as frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, K-mean cluster analysis, Chi-square analysis, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The findings for this study were as follows. First, the three clusters were identified based on switching barriers. Second, each cluster was explained by the personal characteristics of the customers of driving range. Third, statistically significant differences in switching intentions and satisfactions were found among clusters.

최인훈 소설 연구 : 주인공 독고준의 욕망과 심리 세계를 중심으로

박해랑(Park Hae Rang) 한국문학회 2014 韓國文學論叢 Vol.67 No.-

최인훈 소설 는 그의 여러 소설 중 가장 난해한 작품에 속한다. 비사실주의 소설로 기존의 소설과는 다른 중층구조를 이루고 있다. 그는 소설에서 인물에 대한 심리 세계를 매우 치밀하게 서술하고 있다. 특히 주인공의 심리는 그의 행동에 중요한 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 최인훈 소설에서 인물들의 성향은 여러 작품에서 반복되거나 연속되어 나타나고 있으며, 작가는 인물들의 사유 세계를 섬세히 묘사하고 있다. 소설에서 주인공은 시대적 가치관과 개인적 가치관의 혼돈 속에서 이성에 대한 욕망을 다양하게 표출하고 있다. 그에 비해 지금까지 인물에 대한 심리 연구는 거의 없는 편이다. 이에 최인훈 소설에서 인물의 심리 연구를 새로운 논의 방법으로 제시하고, 그 소설의 난해성 해소와 연구 범위 의 확대에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 에서 주인공 독고준을 중심으로 그의 욕망과 심리 세계를 연구하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 문학에서 심리적 상태를 표현하고, 문학연구에 있어 심리를 연구하는 것은 지금까지 중요한 과제가 되 어 왔다. 인물의 복잡한 심리를 연구하는 과정은 그 인물 행위의 동기를 분석하여 그 의미를 설명하는데 매우 유용한 방법이다. 에서 독고준은 이유정의 방에서 나와 자신의 방으로 들어가는 복도의 끝에서 환상 여행을 떠난다. 환상적인 공간 이동을 통하여 독고준은 기억에 잠재된 무의식 세계를 여행한다. 독고준의 여행 목적은 과거'W시의 그 여름날을 기억하는 그녀'를 만나기 위한 욕망의 실현이다. 그녀를 만나기 위해 여행을 강행하면서 그가 깨달은 것은 가족에 대한 그리움이며, 어머니에 대한 사랑이다. 또한 어린 시절 경험한 자아비판의 상흔은 그 시절의 교실로 돌아가 지도원 선생과 대면함으로써 치유한다. 독고준은 여행내내 자아와 세계의 대립으로 균열이 심화되어 간다. 이러한 균열은 그를 내면세계로 침잠하게 한다. 그러나 반복적인 여행을 통해 내면의 상흔을 치유하고, 현실을 인식하여 자아의 성장을 이룬다. 독고준은 여행하는 동안 부끄러움을 느끼고, 여행이 끝난 후에도 자신의 행동에 부끄러움을 느낀다. 자신이 한 행동에 대해 반성하고 부끄러움을 느끼는 것은 자아가 성장하고, 정체성을 확립해가는 과정이다. 인간은 끊임없이 자아와 세계의 갈등을 빚는다. 자아와 세계가 투쟁과 충돌을 통해 화해의 결실을 이루기도 하지만 다수의 인간은 투쟁과 충 돌을 회피하고 내면으로 침잠하여 세계로부터 스스로를 소외시키는 경향을 가지기도 한다. 현실과 당면하지 않고 사회에 대해 스스로 소외시키는 것을 성장의 한 방편으로 보는 것이 불편한 사실이지만, 이렇게 밖에 할 수 없는 현실이 냉정하다. 독고준은 이러한 현실에 살고 있는 회색(灰色)인이다. 그러나 무의식의 환상 여행을 마친 후 자신의 방에서 비오는 창밖을 바라보는 그의 모습은 현실을 직시하고 받아들이려는 노력의 자세로 보인다. 에서 독고준의 욕망과 심리 묘사는 주인공을 매개로 한 행동의 의미와 심리 체계를 구조화한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 독고준이 혼돈된 세계에서 자아의 성장과 가치관을 정립해가는 과정을 살펴봄으로 작품에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 최인훈 소설의 다양한 분석과 연속성 있는 연구의 틀을 마련할 수 있을 것이다. Choi In-Hoon's novel Seo-Yu-Gi belongs to one of the most abstruse novels. As an unrealistic novel, it consists of multi-layered structures. He narrates psychological realm of the characters very closely. Especially, the state of mind of the protagonist in his behavior works as an important element. The personality of characters in various Choi's novels appear repeatedly and continuously, and he describes their psyche delicately. Reduced to a chaotic state, the protagonist in the novel expresses his desire for the other sex variously. However, until now, studies on the mentality and psychology of the character have been rare. Therefore, I will present the study on the character's mentality and psychology as a new argument method, and I'd like to contribute to reduction of abstruseness and expand the study range. This study aims at studying on the desire and psychological realm of the protagonist, Dok Go-Joon in Seo-Yu-Gi. It becomes important task to express metal state and to study the mentality in literary researches. A course of study on the complex mentality of the character is very useful to analyze the motivation of the behavior and to explain the meaning. Dok Go-Joon in Seo-Yu-Gi. takes a fantasy journey at the end of hall stepping out of the Lee You-Jung's room. Through moving space, Dok Go-Joon travels the world of unconsciousness embedded in his memory. The purpose of his travel is to fulfill his desire to meet her. She remembers the summer day of W city. What he realizes is longing for his family and loving for his mother. Also, the scar caused by self criticism in his childhood is healed up by facing instructor in the classroom of the time. The rupture between his ego and world becomes worse through the entire trip. This rupture begins to withdraw to his inner world. However, he heals the scar through the repetitive travel, recognize the reality, and accomplish selfdevelopment. Dok Go-Joon feel abashed during the trip and still he does after the trip. It is the process of establishing his own identity for him to reflect on his behavior and have shyness. Humans always come into conflict between ego and world. Ego and world can bear a fruit of reconciliation, but most humans tend to avoid the struggle, conflict withdraw into the inner world, and isolate themselves from the world. From the perspective of growth and maturity, it is uncomfortable fact that humans do not face the reality and isolate themselves from the society, but the reality is quite cold and different because people can not do any other things. Dok Go-Joon is “A Gray man” who lives in this reality. However, his image, which looks out the window for rainy days after unconscious fantasy journey, can be seen as an effort to face and embrace the reality. Description of Dok Go-Joon's desire and state of mind in Seo-Yu-Gi can be appraised as structurization of behavioral meaning and psychological system. By looking for the process for Dok Go-Joon to establish self-development and values, I can broaden and deepen the understanding of this work and provide a framework for various and continuous study on Choi's novels.

韓國人 乳癌組織의 Estrogen 受容體의 檢索

金政徹,李洙定,鄭泰浩,朴朗韻,黃一愚 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

한국여성의 유방암에서 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 39례의 유방암조직에서 이를 측정하였다. Estrogen수용체는 33.3%에서 양성으로 5.42에서 230.02f㏖/㎎ protein까지의 값을 나타내었고 progesterone수용체는 5.34내지 66.60f㏖/㎎ protein의 함량을 가진 56.4%에서 양성이었다. 폐경기 이전은 폐경기 이후에 비해 estrogen수용체와 progesterone수용체가 모두 양성인 경우가 더 많았고 모두 음성인 경우는 더 적었으며 환자의 연령이 50세 이하인 경우의 progesterone수용체 양성율은 50세 이상의 경우보다 두배 이상 높았다. 또한 액와임파절전이가 전혀없는 경우가 1개이상 전이된 경우보다 훨씬 높은 estrogen수용체 양성율을 보였으며 TNM병기 Ⅱ는 병기Ⅱ나 Ⅳ보다 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체 양성율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 조직학적 유형과 호르몬 수용체와의 관계는 대부분이 infiltrating ductal carcinoma인 까닭에 의미 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 이상의 결과에서 나타난 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체와 유방암의 여러 임상적 병리조직학적 측면들과의 상관관계로 미루어 볼 때 임상검사실에서의 통상적인 호르몬수용체 측정법 확립은 유방암의 치료 및 예후판단에 매우 유용하리라 기대된다. The levels of estrogen receptors (ER) ad Progesterone receptors (PR) in 39 breast cancer tissues have been determined and a correlation of both receptor levels with the histopathologic findings and clinical features was attempted. The ER levels ranged from 0 to 230.02 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein and the PR levels ranged from 0 to 66.60 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein. 33% of the specimens were ER+ and 56% were PR+. The group younger than 50 years had a higher percentage of positive PR status. The positive rate of ER showed no significant difference between pre and postmenopause, while those of PR was decreased from 67% in pre-to 41% in postmenopause. 82% of the histologic type were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 74% of patients were stage Ⅱ of TNM classification. These results indicated that there was strong correlation between age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and receptor status.

FTIR을 이용한 브라질 Itabira 지역 에메랄드의 분광학적 특성 연구

임예원 ( Ye Won Lim ),장윤득 ( Yun Deuk Jang ),김종랑 ( Jong Rang Kim ),김형수 ( Hyeong Soo Kim ),김종근 ( Jong Gun Kim ),김정진 ( Jeong Jin Kim ) 한국광물학회 2008 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.21 No.4

현재 에메랄드의 중요한 산지로 자리 잡아가고 있는 Itabira 지역 에메랄드의 분광학적 특성을 연구하기 위하여 에메랄드를 C-축에 수직, 수평인 방향으로 각각 절단하였으며, H2O 관련 범위의 좀 더 세부적인 피크 관찰을 위하여 KBr로 압축한 pellet시료를 만들어 적외선 분광분석(FTIR) 실험을 수행 하였다. H2O 관련 범위에서 5,271cm-1, 1,638cm-1 피크가 나타나는 것으로 보아 본 시료는 Type-Ⅱ에 해당함을 관찰할 수 있었으며, H2O-Na-H2O 배열 형태를 가지는 Type-Ⅱa에 해당하는 피크가 아주 강하게 나타나고 있다. H2O 관련 범위를 제외한 특정 범위에서는 CO2, Cl 피크 등이 관찰 되었으며, 적외선 분광분석법을 이용하여 타입의 분류뿐만 아니라 상대적인 피크 강도 비교를 통하여 Na2O 함량 또한 예측 가능한 것으로 사료된다. Emerald deposit located on Itabira, Brazil is one of the major one in the world. We applied three different analytical approaches on Itabira emerald samples, (1) perpendicular to the c-axis, (2) parallel to the c-axis, (3) emerald pallet mixed with KBr, using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to understand and compare spectroscopic characteristics of three Itabira emerald samples. Occurrence of 5,271 cm-1 and 1,638 cm-1 absorption peaks within H2O-related range indicates that the samples belong to Type-II emerald. These emerald samples also display strong absorption peak generated from Type-IIa emerald preserving H2O-Na-H2O sequence. CO2- and Cl-related absorption peaks observed within specific range except for H2O-related range. These observations and results suggest that FTIR analysis can be used for not only classification of emerald types, but also prediction of Na2O content within the emerald through comparison of relative peak intensity.

螺鈿漆을 利用한 工藝品 開發에 關한 硏究

申朗浩 三陟大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.31 No.3

The development of craftworks that is based on the beauty of tradition with the life and spirit of a nation and that takes the modern life style into cosideration not only paves the way for the restoration of the vein of a vanishing tradition of craft but also gives an opportunity to success traditional culture. However, the abandonment of principles and the thoughtless inflow of western culture in modern Korean history led the Korean traditional craft to a state of structural disorder, Besides, the lack of general understanding of tradition of Korean craft became a barrier to the development of traditional handcraft and even threatened the maintenance of its life. Today, the world is making efforts to find an active and diversified way of improvement of products by the intensification of the international competitive power through technical innovations, introductions of new materials and new designs. according to this tendency, we persue a renovation of living environment by the development of diverse materials and techniques with a renewed understanding of the traditional craft, but we still have a lot of problems in development of characteristic which is peculiar to the Korean traditional craftwork. In this point of view, it will be very significant outcome as a basis of succession of tradition and creation of new design if we can apply the traditional way of Korean Nacre Inlay lacquer Handcraft to the contemporary living environment and to the preference of people. In addition, we will be able to show a possibility to innovate products as an cultural things as well as the development of crafts to export for the national economy. Therefore, in this project. I pur an emphasis on the development of Korean Nacre Inlay Lacquer Handcraft through design based on the tradition, understanding of the origin, development, way of proceeding, material and techniques of it.

木材의 맞춤 技法에 關한 硏究

申朗浩,金政虎 三陟大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.31 No.3

목재의 접합이란 목재가 지니고 있는 단점을 보완하는 방법 중의 하나로서 각각의 기능이나 용도에 맞게 두 개 이상의 부재를 이어서 한 개의 부재로 접합하는 것을 이음이라 하고, 각각의 부재를 쓰임에 따라 직각 또는 경사지게 맞추는 방법을 맞춤(짜임)이라 한다. 가구나 건축에서의 맞춤은 그 정밀도에 따라서 제품의 수명도 달라지고, 같은 조건에서도 어떤 맞춤 방법을 사용하느냐에 따라 제품의 아름다움이나 질이 달라지므로 맞춤의 기법을 공정과 함께 세부적으로 인지하고 있어야 한다. 목재의 접합은 일정한 강도를 유지하는 것 외에도 힘에 대한 변위(變位)가 적어야 하며, 적절한 강성을 지녀야 하는데 구조재에 작용하는 압축, 인장, 전단 등의 응력을 파악하고 맞춤 하고자 하는 장소와 부재의 구조 방법에 따라 적절한 기법을 선택하여 사용하여야 한다. 이러한 의미에서 본 장에서는 맞춤 기법의 종류와 사용 방법 공정 등에 대하여 연구하고, 나아가 맞춤에 사용되는 공구류에 대하여도 세부적으로 살펴본다. The technique of joining is one of the most effective methods for the correction of shortcoming of woods. According to the function and the uses of it, it has two different main types. One called 'connection' is a method which is used when we want pur at least two boards together side by side, and another called 'joint' is used when we put pieces of wood together at the end of pieces at a right angle or slant. An accurate joint can make all the difference in the life span of furniture and architecture. Even though all the conditions are the same in processes, the appearances and the qualities of outcoming can be very different by the types of joint that is used. So, it is necessary to know about all the details of joining techniques along with the processes of wood working. Because joints are the places where the structures of furniture or architecture should be properly selected according to the factors like the compression stress, the expansive stress, and the conductivity of each constructions. In these senses, in this chapte, we'll study more about all the different types and the processes of joints and we'll get more specified information about tools for joining techniques as well.

未成熟 흰쥐子宮의 Estrogen 受容體의 細胞內 分布 및 Progesterone 受容體에 對한 Tamoxifen의 作用

朴朗韻,鄭泰浩,曺準承 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.3

Estrogen의 작용은 세포내의 특이수용체와의 결합을 통해 특정유전자의 발현을 유도함으로써 이뤄진다는 정도로 밝혀져 있을 뿐 그 자세한 기전에 대해서는 잘 이해가 되지 않고 있어 estrogen 및 항estrogen의 표적조직내 존재여하에 따른 estrogen수용체의 세포내 분포에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 미성숙 흰쥐에 100㎍의 tamoxifen을 일회 투여하고 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72시간이 지난 후에 자궁에서 나타나는 변화를 살폈다. 자궁무게와 자궁내 DNA함량, 그리고 progesterone수용체의 함량은 tamoxifen투여후 시간이 지남에 따라 모두 증가되었다. Tamoxifen을 투여하지 않은 대조군에서의 estrogen수용체 핵과 세포질에 각각 50%씩 분포하였고 tamoxifen투여후에는 세포질내수용체가 점차 감소하고 핵내수용체는 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 대조군에서는 거의 모든 수용체가 유리형으로 존재하였던데 반해 tamoxifen의 투여로 결합형 수용체의 증가와 함께 유리형의 감소가 초래되었다. 이상의 결과로써 미성숙 흰쥐 자궁세포내에는 핵과 세포질 모두에 유리형 수용체가 존재하며, tamoxifen은 이들 양 분획의 수용체에 모두 결합하고 세포질내에서 핵내로 수용체의 전이를 유발하며 동시에 새로운 수용체의 합성도 유도하는 것으로 사료된다. Although it is widely accepted that specific intracellular receptor proteins are involved in the estrogenic regulation of gene expression and growth in reproductive tissues, the precise nature of the regulation is poorly understood. Among the unresolved issues are the distribution and dynamics of the estrogen receptor protein in target tissues in the presence and absence of estrogens and antiestrogens. In this study, the effect of antiestrogen, tamoxifen, on subcellular distribution of estrogen receptor in immature rat uterus was determined. A single dose of tamoxifen(100㎍/rat) increased uterine wet weight, DNA content, and cytoplasmic progesterone receptor content 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after injection. Total estrogen receptor content progressively increased, peaked 48hr post-injection, while cytoplasmic receptor content decreased. In control uteri, nuclear estrogen receptors were almost unoccupied, but occupied receptors increased afrter tamoxifen treatment. The amount of unoccupied cytoplasmic receptors rapidly decreased 2hr postinjection and then gradually restored to that of control which was 74% of cytoplasmic receptors. These results suggest that in immature rat uterus both cytoplasm and nucleus contain unoccupied, free estrogen receptors and also suggest that tamoxifen can bind both cytoplasmic and nuclear 'estrogen receptros, increase total estrogen receptor content, and elicit some estrogenic effect.