Review: The Changing Dynamics of Southeast Asian Politics

Ramses Amer 서울대학교행정대학원 2007 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.15 No.2

Vietnam and Challenges to Human Security

( Ramses Amer ) 한국국방연구원 2012 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.24 No.4

The study explores the multifaceted challenges to human security in Vietnam. It takes as its starting point the end of the Second Indochina Conflict in 1975. The study focuses on how Vietnam has responded to the broader human security challenge sin the post-1975 period and how successful it has been at addressing such challenges. The study highlights one of the neglected human security tragedies in Vietnam. namely, the mass-exodus of ethnic Chinese in the late 1970s and its enduring legacy. The study also looks at the new challenges to human security that have emerged in Vietnam following the end of regional conflicts, the end of isolation by leading Western powers, and the deepening of renovation and reform, i.e. the period since the early 1990s.

Food Hypersensitivity in Mexican Adults at 18 to 50 Years of Age: A Questionnaire Survey

Martín Bedolla-Barajas,Tonatiuh Ramses Bedolla-Pulido,Alan Salvador Camacho-Peña,Estefanía González-García,Jaime Morales-Romero 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.6

Purpose: There is limited epidemiological evidence of food hypersensitivity (FH) in the adult population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FH in Mexican adults, their clinical features and to establish common food involved in its appearance. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study using a fixed quota sampling; 1,126 subjects answered a structured survey to gather information related to FH. Results: The prevalence of FH in adults was 16.7% (95% CI, 14.5% to 18.8%), without statistical significant differences related to gender (women, 17.5% and men, 15.9%) or residential location. The most common clinical manifestations in adults with FH were oral allergy syndrome (70 of 1,126) and urticaria (55 of 1,126). According to category, fruits and vegetables were the most frequent foods to trigger FH (6.12%) and were individually related to shrimp (4.0%), and cow milk (1.5%). Adults under age 25 had a higher frequency of FH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.91, P <0.001). Personal history of any atopic disease was significantly associated with FH (P <0.0001). Conclusions: The prevalence of FH is relatively high in Mexican adults, and FH is significantly associated with atopic diseases.

Influence of methionine supplementation of growing diets enriched with lysine on feedlot performance and characteristics of digestion in Holstein steer calves

Torrentera, Noemi,Carrasco, Ramses,Salinas-Chavira, Jaime,Plascencia, Alejandro,Zinn, Richard A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.1

Objective: Two trials were conducted in order to examine the effects of level of supplemental methionine on productive performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration, and digestive function. Methods: Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet containing urea as the only source of supplemental nitrogen supplemented with no supplemental amino acid (control), or control plus 1.01% lysine and 0.032%, 0.064%, 0.096%, or 0.128% methionine. In Trial 1, 150 Holstein steer calves ($127{\pm}4.9kg$) were utilized to evaluate the influence of treatments on growth-performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration during the first 112 days of growing period. During the initial 56-d period calves received the 5 experimental diets. During the subsequent 56-d period all calves were fed the control diet. Results: During the initial 56-d period, methionine supplementation increased (linear effect, p<0.01) plasma methionine. In the presence of supplemental lysine, increases on level of methionine in diet did not affect average daily gain. However, increased gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.03) and estimated dietary net energy (NE; linear effect, p = 0.05). Estimated metabolizable methionine supply was closely associated ($R^2=0.95$) with efficiency NE utilization for maintenance and gain. During the subsequent 56-d period, when all calves received the control diet (no amino acid supplementation), plasma amino acid concentrations and growth performance was not different among groups. However, the effects of methionine supplementation during the initial 56-period carried over, so that following a 56-d withdrawal of supplementation, the overall 112-d effects on gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.05) dietary NE (linear effect, $p{\leq}0.05$) remained appreciable. In Trial 2, 5 cannulated Holstein steers were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion and amino acid supply to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects on flow of dietary and microbial N to the small intestine. Postruminal N digestion increased (p = 0.04) with increasing level of supplemental methionine. Methionine supplementation linearly increased (p<0.01) duodenal flow of methionine. Likewise, lysine supplementation increased an average of 4.6% (p = 0.04) duodenal flow of lysine. In steers that received non-supplemented diet, observed intestinal amino acid supply were in good agreement with expected. Conclusion: We conclude that addition of rumen-protected methionine and lysine to diets may enhance gain efficiency and dietary energetics of growing Holstein calves. Observed amino acid supply to the small intestine were in good agreement with expected, supportive of NRC (2000, Level 1).

Use of inductors in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from soursop fruits: in vitro tests

Ramos-Guerrero, Anelsy,Gonzalez-Estrada, Ramses Ramon,Hanako-Rosas, Greta,Bautista-Banos, Silvia,Acevedo-Hernandez, Gustavo,Tiznado-Hernandez, Martin Ernesto,Gutierrez-Martinez, Porfirio 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Soursop (Annona muricata) is a tropical fruit that can be infected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer. Traditional methods used for postharvest disease control include the application of fungicides, however due to their excessive use, as well as their persistence in the environment, the development of new strategies that control pathogens are required. The application of chitosan (Chi), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an environmentally-friendly alternative with antimicrobial properties and also induces defense mechanisms in plant tissues. In this study, Colletotrichum was reactivated and Rhizopus was identified using morphological features and molecular tools. In vitro, the application of 0.5 and 1.0% of Chi alone or in combination with SA and MJ decreased mycelial growth and sporulation, a complete inhibition of spore germination was obtained. Thus, the application of Chi in combination with SA and MJ could be a smart strategy to inhibit the development of pathogens that attack soursop fruit.

High Estradiol Differentially Affects the Expression of the Glucose Transporter Type 4 in Pelvic Floor Muscles of Rats

María de los Ángeles Carrasco-Ruiz,Laura G. Hernández-Aragón,Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos,Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín,Pablo Pacheco,Margarita Martínez-Gómez,Estela Cuevas-Romero,Francisco Castelán 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2018 International Neurourology Journal Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: To characterize the relationship between serum estradiol levels and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles in female rats. Methods: The muscles were excised from virgin rats during the metestrus and proestrus stages of the estrous cycle, and from sham and ovariectomized rats implanted with empty or estradiol benzoate–filled capsules. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) was inspected in the muscles at metestrus and proestrus. Relative Glut4 expression, glycogen content, and serum glucose levels were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were done to identify significant differences (P≤0.05). Results: The pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles expressed ERα and ERβ. Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle were higher at proestrus than at metestrus. No significant changes were observed in the iliococcygeus muscle. In ovariectomized rats, the administration of estradiol benzoate increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle alone. Conclusions: High serum estradiol levels increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle, but not in the iliococcygeus muscle.

Use of inductors in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from soursop fruits: in vitro tests

Anelsy Ramos-Guerrero,Ramse´s Ramo´n Gonza´lez-Estrada,Greta Hanako-Rosas,Silvia Bautista-Ban˜os,Gustavo Acevedo-Herna´ndez,Martin Ernesto Tiznado-Herna´ndez,Porfirio Gutie´rrez-Martı´nez 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Soursop (Annona muricata) is a tropical fruit that can be infected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer. Traditional methods used for postharvest disease control include the application of fungicides, however due to their excessive use, as well as their persistence in the environment, the development of new strategies that control pathogens are required. The application of chitosan (Chi), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an environmentally-friendly alternative with antimicrobial properties and also induces defense mechanisms in plant tissues. In this study, Colletotrichum was reactivated and Rhizopus was identified using morphological features and molecular tools. In vitro, the application of 0.5 and 1.0% of Chi alone or in combination with SA and MJ decreased mycelial growth and sporulation, a complete inhibition of spore germination was obtained. Thus, the application of Chi in combination with SA and MJ could be a smart strategy to inhibit the development of pathogens that attack soursop fruit.

Effect of pepper tree (Schinus molle) essential oil-loaded chitosan bio-nanocomposites on postharvest control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and quality evaluations in avocado (Persea americana) cv. Hass

Mireya Esbeiddy Cha´vez-Magdaleno,Ramse´s Ramo´n Gonza´lez-Estrada,Anelsy Ramos-Guerrero,Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea,Porfirio Gutie´rrez-Martı´nez 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.6

Preventive and curative activity of postharvest treatments with chitosan nanoparticles (CS) and chitosan biocomposites loaded with pepper tree essential oil (CSPEO) against anthracnose were evaluated on Avocado (Persea americana) cv. Hass artificially inoculated in rind wounds. After 10 days of storage significant preventive and curative activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was observed with the absence of internal damage by applying CS and CS-PEO. Quality parameters like water losses and firmness changes were assessed on fruit treated. CS and CS-PEO were effective to reduce water losses and firmness losses.

Immediate effect of Nd:YAG laser monotherapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens: a pilot clinical study

McCawley, Thomas K.,McCawley, Mark N.,Rams, Thomas E. Korean Academy of Periodontology 2021 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.51 No.-

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets. Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm² and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques. Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pretreatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

Carrying Gas Influence and Fabrication Parameters Impact in 3D Manufacturing of In Situ TiN-Ti Composites by Direct Laser Deposition

C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3

The difficulty of getting a correct distribution of the reinforcement in the metal matrix and the complexity for achievinga good-metallurgy matrix-reinforcement bonding has limited the development of additive manufacturing of metal matrixcomposites. This research proposes the use of a reactive atmosphere during the fabrication process to obtain titanium matrixcomposites reinforced with TiN. The relation between the carrying gas and the process parameters used with the presence ofporous and defects, the microstructure, and microhardness has been obtained. Nitrogen was used as the carrying gas of thetitanium powder. Under laser irradiation, the particles melt and react with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a titaniummatrix composite highly reinforced with TiN. The composite obtained had a microhardness increase between 50 and 100%in comparison with titanium samples fabricated in the same conditions in an argon atmosphere. Three reaction mechanismshave been proposed to take place in the microstructure, depending on the amount of nitrogen in the titanium particles, andits diffusion in them during the manufacture.