MEET THE COLOMBIAN MALL SHOPPER

Mauricio Losada Otalora,Germán Contreras Ramírez,Mark S. Rosenbaum 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5

Colombia is an emerging country that has institutional stability and perspectives of fast economic growth. Indeed, despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties (CIA World Factbook, 2014). Today, Colombia is Latin America’s fourth largest economy. Most importantly, the country is witnessing the benefits of governmental and economic stability, as evidenced by its commodity markets, strong macroeconomic policies, and improved security and infrastructure conditions. The bottom line is that Colombia has been witnessing strong economic performance since the early 2000s (OECD, 2013), and now its citizens are reaping the benefit of being new middle-class and upper-class members. A remarkable characteristic of emerging countries is the increase in the size and the economic power of their middle-class population (Bridsal, 2010). The middle-class is an ambiguous social classification, which reflects the ability of a group of citizens within a country to lead a comfortable life. These comforts include, stable housing, access to quality healthcare, educational opportunities, job security, and discretionary income that can be spent on vacation and other leisure pursuits (Kharas, 2010; p.7). As country’s become increasingly wealthier in term of gross national output, the country’s middle-class typically witnesses corresponding increases in income levels and more available cash to use for marketplace consumption. Indeed, in terms of Colombia, its middle-class represents approximately 26% of total consumption (Ferreiro et al., 2013; Bridsal, 2010; p.11). Perhaps, one of the common characteristics across all global middle-class populations is their unique affinity for mall shopping compared to the lower-class and upper-class populations (Jafferlot & van den Veer, 2008; Conroy, 1998). That is, middle- class consumers show strong preferences for visiting and patronizing modern department stores and shopping malls (Mathur, 2010). Indeed, shopping malls are important for newly minted middle-class populations because it signals to them they have reached a higher status and possess disposable income for engaging in shopping, luxury consumption, and entertainment activities (Banerjee & Duflo, 2008). Given Colombia’s economic growth and its newly created middle-class population, understanding consumption patterns among this group is well-warranted, especially given Colombia’s emerging nation status. Thus, the goal of this presentation is to introduce the global community to the growing and affluent Colombian middle-class consumers. We achieve this goal by exploring the types of mall shoppers that currently exist in Colombia and by exploring how consumption patterns differ between and among different demographic consumer segments. Interestingly, one of the primary findings that emerge from this research is that the Colombian middle-class consumer exhibits essentially the same consumption pattern as any other consumer in an industrialized nation. That is, the typical middle-class consumer is a female housewife who enjoys shopping as a leisure activity. In the following section, we discuss a brief review of the literature and then discuss our research methodology and findings. We conclude this extended abstract with a discussion of managerial and theoretical implications and research limitations.

Impact of Globalization on Cultural Heritage as a Link of Identity and Its Diversity in Mexico

( Jesús Antonio Machuca Ramírez ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2018 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.2 No.2

This essay addresses the phenomenon of globalization and its contrasting and multilateral effects on the identities and cultural heritage of different countries. Its accuracy is possible thanks to the relationship with localities and the Nation-State, and it’s manifested through processes such as migration. It can also be found in the characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage and the new identities created.

Ovarian teratoma removed by laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog

Inês T. Tavares,Ramón R. Barreno,José P. Sales-Luís,Carlo G. Vaudano 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.6

An elective laparoscopic ovariectomy on a healthy dog revealed a cystic structure in the left ovary. The surgical procedure was successful. Histopathological examination showed the presence of a teratoma adjacent to the ovary. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of an ovarian teratoma removed by laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog by using a multiport laparoscopic ovariectomy technique.

Waveguiding behavior of VLS-grown one-dimensional Ga-doped In2O3 nanostructures

Jesús Alberto Ramos Ramón,U. Pal,David Maestre,Ana Cremades 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.7

Highly crystalline undoped and Ga-doped indium oxide nanorods with square-shaped faceted morphology were fabricated through the vapor-liquid-solid process at moderate temperature. Effects of Ga incorporation on the growth rate, morphology, and crystallinity of the nanostructures were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Defect structure and waveguiding behavior of the 1-D In2O3 nanostructures have been studied using microRaman and micro photoluminescence spectroscopies. The appearance of several resonant modes superposed over the broad room temperature micro-photoluminescence spectra of the nanostructures demonstrates their waveguiding behaviors. While the pristine or undoped In2O3 nanostructures of 20–150 nm widths revealed Fabry-Pérot resonance modes, the Ga-incorporated nanostructures of 20–100 nm width revealed whispering gallery modes due to their smaller widths. The quality factor (Q) of the resonators was estimated to be about 20.86 and 188.79 for the pristine and Ga-incorporated nanostructures, respectively, indicating a huge enhancement due to Ga incorporation. The increment in the Q factor on Ga incorporation in In2O3 nanorods opens up the possibility of their utilization for the development of new optical transmitters and resonators, and fabrication of nanoscopic lasing devices.

CtIP interacts with TopBP1 and Nbs1 in the response to double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in Xenopus egg extracts.

Ramí,rez-Lugo, Juan S,Yoo, Hae Yong,Yoon, Su Jin,Dunphy, William G Landes Bioscience 2011 Cell cycle Vol.10 No.3

<P>In the presence of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), the activation of ATR is achieved by the ability of ATM to phosphorylate TopBP1 on serine 1131, which leads to an enhancement of the interaction between ATR and TopBP1. In Xenopus egg extracts, the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex is additionally required to bridge ATM and TopBP1 together. In this report, we show that CtIP, which is recruited to DSB-containing chromatin, interacts with both TopBP1 and Nbs1 in a damage-dependent manner. An N-terminal region containing the first two BRCT repeats of TopBP1 is essential for the interaction with CtIP. Furthermore, two distinct regions in the N-terminus of CtIP participate in establishing the association between CtIP and TopBP1. The first region includes two adjacent putative ATM/ATR phosphorylation sites on serines 273 and 275. Secondly, binding is diminished when an MRN-binding region spanning residues 25-48 is deleted, indicative of a role for the MRN complex in mediating this interaction. This was further evidenced by a decrease in the interaction between CtIP and TopBP1 in Nbs1-depleted extracts and a reciprocal decrease in the binding of Nbs1 to TopBP1 in the absence of CtIP, suggestive of the formation of a complex containing CtIP, TopBP1, and the MRN complex. When CtIP is immunodepleted from egg extracts, the activation of the response to DSBs is compromised and the levels of ATR, TopBP1, and Nbs1 on damaged chromatin are reduced. Thus, CtIP interacts with TopBP1 in a damage-stimulated, MRN-dependent manner during the activation of ATR in response to DSBs.</P>

TNR Gene Mutation in Familial Parkinson’s Disease: Possible Implications for Essential Tremor

Michel Sáenz-Farret,Renato Puppi Munhoz,Alfonso Fasano,Carlos Zúñiga-Ramírez 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.2

Farlow et al.1 reported in 2016 new rare tyrosine kinase nonreceptor2 and tenascin R (TNK2 and TNR, respectively) variantsassociated with the development of Parkinson’s disease(PD). No detailed clinical information about such patients orother reports is available thus far. We report a subject with PDand two of his sons with essential tremor (ET) harboring a TNRgene mutation.

Transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of the ureter

Juan Ramón Pérez Vidal,Carmen Llanos Llanos,Inmaculada Gómez Carrascosa,María Orenes Moreno,Pilar Marín Sánchez 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.4

ObjectiveIn this video, we present our technique for ureter assessment during pelvic ultrasound examination. MethodsWe used a general electric Voluson E10 (General electric, Wauwatosa, WI, USA) to perform transvaginal ultrasonography. These images were shared after thorough counselling, and obtaining informed consent from the patient. Thisvideo was edited using FinalCut ProX® (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA, USA). ResultsWe systematized this routine after assessing the cervix, uterus, and adnexa. The vaginal probe was slightly removed tofocus on the urethra. Next, we approached the hand on the contralateral thigh to the ureter. At this point, the probewas directed to the lateral pelvic wall where the ureteric orifice was found. Then, we raised our hands and performan internal rotation movement to ascend the ureteral segments until it is related to the iliac vessels. ConclusionThe urinary tract may be involved in gynecological pathologies. Transvaginal ultrasound is an easy, reproducible, andwell-tolerated examination that can be used to evaluate the ureters below the pelvic brim. 영어

Carrying Gas Influence and Fabrication Parameters Impact in 3D Manufacturing of In Situ TiN-Ti Composites by Direct Laser Deposition

C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3

The difficulty of getting a correct distribution of the reinforcement in the metal matrix and the complexity for achievinga good-metallurgy matrix-reinforcement bonding has limited the development of additive manufacturing of metal matrixcomposites. This research proposes the use of a reactive atmosphere during the fabrication process to obtain titanium matrixcomposites reinforced with TiN. The relation between the carrying gas and the process parameters used with the presence ofporous and defects, the microstructure, and microhardness has been obtained. Nitrogen was used as the carrying gas of thetitanium powder. Under laser irradiation, the particles melt and react with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a titaniummatrix composite highly reinforced with TiN. The composite obtained had a microhardness increase between 50 and 100%in comparison with titanium samples fabricated in the same conditions in an argon atmosphere. Three reaction mechanismshave been proposed to take place in the microstructure, depending on the amount of nitrogen in the titanium particles, andits diffusion in them during the manufacture.

Numerical Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Portevin–Le Chatelier Effect in Ti-12Mo Alloy

C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

The difficulty of getting a correct distribution of the reinforcement in the metal matrix and the complexity for achievinga good-metallurgy matrix-reinforcement bonding has limited the development of additive manufacturing of metal matrixcomposites. This research proposes the use of a reactive atmosphere during the fabrication process to obtain titanium matrixcomposites reinforced with TiN. The relation between the carrying gas and the process parameters used with the presence ofporous and defects, the microstructure, and microhardness has been obtained. Nitrogen was used as the carrying gas of thetitanium powder. Under laser irradiation, the particles melt and react with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a titaniummatrix composite highly reinforced with TiN. The composite obtained had a microhardness increase between 50 and 100%in comparison with titanium samples fabricated in the same conditions in an argon atmosphere. Three reaction mechanismshave been proposed to take place in the microstructure, depending on the amount of nitrogen in the titanium particles, andits diffusion in them during the manufacture.

Development of a blockchain-based marketplace for the Internet of Things data

Luis Sánchez,Jorge Lanza,Iván González,Juan Ramón Santana,Pablo Sotres 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.4

The Internet of Things (IoT) is recognised as a game-changer technology that expands its applicability to a huge variety of domains. The key asset is the data that the myriad of sensors embedded in the environment are constantly generating. The paper describes a Blockchain-based IoT Data Marketplace (BIDM) and presents the proof-of-concept implementation that has been developed to validate it from a functional standpoint. The BIDM enables an ecosystem where sensor owners can expose the observations that their sensors generate while retaining control over who accesses each observation and directly getting revenues according to the price they have set.