All-optical Signal Processing of Fiber Impairments in Dual-Polarization 112 Gbit/s m-ary QAM Coherent Transmission

Rameez Asif,Muhammad Khawar Islam,Muhammad Zafrullah 한국광학회 2013 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.17 No.1

We have numerically implemented a receiver side all-optical signal processing method, i.e. optical backward propagation (OBP), by dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and non-linear compensator (NLC)devised by effective negative Kerr non-linear coefficient using two highly non-linear fibers (HNLFs). The method is implemented for the post-processing of fiber transmission impairments, i.e. chromatic dispersion (CD) and non-linearities (NL). The OBP module is evaluated for dual-polarization (DP) m-ary (m=4,16,32,64,256)quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in 112 Gbit/s coherent transmission over 1200 km standard single mode fiber (SMF). We have also investigated an intensity limited optical backward propagation module (IL-OBP) by using a self-phase modulation-based optical limiter with an appropriate pre-chirping to compensate for the intensity fluctuations in the transmission link. Our results show that in highly non-linear sensitive 256QAM transmission, we have observed a 66% increase in the transmission distance by implementing IL-OBP as compared to conventional OBP.

How Does Financial Development Impact Economic Growth in Pakistan?: New Evidence from Threshold Model

TARIQ, Rameez,KHAN, Muhammad Arshad,RAHMAN, Abdul Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8

This study examines the nonlinear relationship between financial development and economic growth in Pakistan using the threshold regression model for the period 1980-2017. We also employed quantile regression with 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 quantiles of conditional distribution. The quantile regression is based on minimizing of sum of squared residuals. The result indicates that economic growth responds positively to financial development when the level of financial development surpasses the threshold value of 0.151. However, when financial development lies below the threshold value (that is, 0.151), its impact on economic growth is negative. Thus, when financial development of Pakistan surpasses the threshold level, it contributes more towards economic growth since greater level of financial development contributes more to boosts economic growth. This finding reveals that economic growth reacts differently to financial development, and the relationship between financial development and economic growth is U-shaped in Pakistan. Among the other variables, physical capital, labor force, and government expenditure exert a positive effect on economic growth. Furthermore, inflation rate and trade openness have an insignificant impact on economic growth. The results of quantile regression also confirm the non-linear relationship between financial development and economic growth in Pakistan. The finding of this study suggests revamping of financial sector policies in Pakistan.

Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of the Biped Robot

Muhammad Rameez,Liaquat Ali Khan 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Biped robots have several degrees of freedom (DOF) composed of many articulated links connected together by joint which ends up in a complex structure and difficult to make it mimic human like locomotion gait which is dynamic in nature and at the same time stable in the sense of not falling by. This paper presents dynamic equations of motion and its Matlab simulation of joints position. These dynamic equations are derived by starting with the kinematics which includes forward kinematics (FK) derived by using the Denavit-Hartenberg notation and inverse kinematics (IK) and then solving the dynamics of the biped robot. Two well-known methods for solving the dynamic of the robot are Newton-Euler formulation and Euler-Lagrangian formulation. This work uses the Euler-Lagrange formulation as it is a fancy formulation technique for solving dynamics instead of finding all the forces, velocities using Newton-Euler formulation.

On graphs associated with modules over commutative rings

SHARIEFUDDIN PIRZADA,Rameez Raja 대한수학회 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Let $M$ be an $R$-module, where $R$ is a commutative ring with identity $1$ and let $G(V,E)$ be a graph. In this paper, we study the graphs associated with modules over commutative rings. We associate three simple graphs $ann_f(\Gamma(M_R))$, $ann_s(\Gamma(M_R))$ and $ann_t(\Gamma(M_R))$ to $M$ called full annihilating, semi-annihilating and star-annihilating graph. When $M$ is finite over $R$, we investigate metric dimensions in $ann_f(\Gamma(M_R))$, $ann_s(\Gamma(M_R))$ and $ann_t(\Gamma(M_R))$. We show that $M$ over $R$ is finite if and only if the metric dimension of the graph $ann_f(\Gamma(M_R))$ is finite. We further show that the graphs $ann_f(\Gamma(M_R))$, $ann_s(\Gamma(M_R))$ and $ann_t(\Gamma(M_R))$ are empty if and only if $M$ is a prime-multiplication-like $R$-module. We investigate the case when $M$ is a free $R$-module, where $R$ is an integral domain and show that the graphs $ann_f(\Gamma(M_R))$, $ann_s(\Gamma(M_R))$ and $ann_t(\Gamma(M_R))$ are empty if and only if $M \cong R$. Finally, we characterize all the non-simple weakly virtually divisible modules $M$ for which $Ann(M)$ is a prime ideal and $Soc(M) = 0$.

ON GRAPHS ASSOCIATED WITH MODULES OVER COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Pirzada, Shariefuddin,Raja, Rameez Korean Mathematical Society 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Let M be an R-module, where R is a commutative ring with identity 1 and let G(V,E) be a graph. In this paper, we study the graphs associated with modules over commutative rings. We associate three simple graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ to M called full annihilating, semi-annihilating and star-annihilating graph. When M is finite over R, we investigate metric dimensions in $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$. We show that M over R is finite if and only if the metric dimension of the graph $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$ is finite. We further show that the graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ are empty if and only if M is a prime-multiplication-like R-module. We investigate the case when M is a free R-module, where R is an integral domain and show that the graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ are empty if and only if $$M{\sim_=}R$$. Finally, we characterize all the non-simple weakly virtually divisible modules M for which Ann(M) is a prime ideal and Soc(M) = 0.

A Curious Case of Primary Gastric Mucosal Melanoma

Zahabia Sohail,Mirza Rameez Samar,Neelam Jawed Qureshi,Sidra Arshad,Adeeba Zaki 대한소화기학회 2024 대한소화기학회지 Vol.83 No.1

Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm of melanin-producing cells predominantly of cutaneous origin, which uncommonly develops within gut mucosa. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with complaints of abdominal pain, loss of appetite and weight. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a gastric mass and systemic imaging demonstrated widespread nodal and bilateral adrenal gland involvement. Histopathology of the gastric mass confirmed primary malignant mucosal melanoma of the stomach. The patient received three cycles of Nivolumab but did not respond, and thus, was then offered best supportive care. Although infrequent, mucosal melanoma can arise from the gastrointestinal tract, and in contrast to the cutaneous form, advanced disease usually has a dismal prognosis and responds poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Primary gastric melanoma is an aggressive disease that is diagnosed by exclusion after the differential diagnosis of metastasis from a cutaneous or unknown primary site has been conducted. If available, patients with treatment-naïve mucosal melanoma should be considered for enrollment in clinical trials.

Impact of statins on risk and survival of ovarian cancer

Muhammad Shahzeb Khan,Kaneez Fatima,Rameez 대한부인종양학회 2015 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.26 No.3