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Rajiv Kumar(라지브 쿠마르),Chanwahn Kim(김찬완) 한국아시아학회 2019 아시아연구 Vol.22 No.2
이 연구는 발전국가론의 관점에서 힌두저성장 시기(1950 ~ 1980)를 마감한 1980 년대 인도 경제성장전환단계를 설명하기 위해 국가의 중요성을 분석하고 있다. 경제자유화가 성장을 촉진한다는 기존의 연구와는 달리 본 연구는 1980 년대 인도가 저성장을 벗어나 경제성장를 이룩할 수 있었던 주요 요인으로 강한 국가의 출현을 들고 있다. 인도는 1980 년 인디라 간디와 1984 년 라지브 간디가 이끄는 인도국민회의 압도적 총선승리와 더불어 집권여당에 대한 좌파정당들의 정치적 간섭이 줄어들면서 강한 국가의 출현을 경험하게 되었다. 본 연구는 세가지 측면에서 분석이 이루어졌다. 첫째, 인도는 당시 내부적으로 재분배를 강조하는 사회주의 경제정책 대신에 성장을 강조하는 새로운 경제발전 전략으로 수정하는 경제정책을 받아들였다. 둘째, 인도는 또는 경제성장을 촉진하기 위해 기존에 추구하지 않았던 국제경제정책을 받아들였다. 셋째, 인도는 선출직 국회의원들보다는 서구교육을 받은 경제관료들에게 더 많은 권한을 주면서 경제정책 결정 팀을 운영해나갔다. 이 모든 것은 강한 국가가 있었기 때문에 가능했다. 따라서 1980 년대 인도의 경제성장을 설명함에 있어서 강한 국가의 역할은 매우 중요하다. 저성장의 힌두성장단계에서 중성장단계로의 경제전환에서의 국가의 역할을 보여주는 본 연구는 최근 인도 경제성장에 대한 연구를 재검토해야 될 학문적 필요성을 제시해주고 있다. Drawing from the perspective of developmental state theory, this study sheds a light on the significance of state in explaining India’s economic growth transition in the 1980s that marked the end of the slow Hindu growth phase (1950 ~ 1980). Contrary to existing studies which attribute the acceleration in growth to liberalization, this study suggests that the emergence of strong state in the 1980s was the major factor, which paved the way for the upward economic growth trajectory in that decade. As this article shows, India witnessed the rise of strong state, with the massive landslide victories of the Congress party led by Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi in 1980 and 1984 respectively, combined with the decline of political constraints imposed by left parties on the ruling party. This rise of strong state, as our arguments goes, provided an impetus to adopt development-oriented strategy. This paper demonstrates it at three levels: First, India adopted a new type of strategy at the domestic-level to prioritize economic growth, instead of emphasizing redistribution, which was a shift away from socialism to pro-growth strategy; second, it also changed its international economic approach to accelerate economic growth, which was not seen in the previous decades; third, a significant change was also made in economic policy-making team by giving more power to western-educated economists vis-à-vis elected lawmakers. All these was possible as strong state was in place; hence the role of strong state is key in explaining economic growth in the 1980s. After showing the role of state in economic transition from the slow Hindu growth phase to moderate growth phase, the findings of this article also raise important scholarly question of re-examining the ‘evolution’ of the India’s economic growth in recent years.
Rajiv Bharat Kharwar,Sharad Chandra,Sudhanshu Kumar Dwivedi,Ram Kirti Saran 한국심초음파학회 2014 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.22 No.3
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a cardiac condition characterized by development of heart failure during the last month of pregnancyor during the first five months of post partum period without any other identifiable cause of heart failure. The hypercoagulablestate in the pregnancy along with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction predisposes the patient to thromboembolic complicationslike intraventricular thrombi. We report a case of a 30-year-old female with peripartum cardiomyopathy along with ahighly mobile mass in the LV cavity on two dimensional echocardiography. Three dimensional transthoracic echocardiographyclearly showed the pedicle of the mass attached to the interventricular septum along with internal echolucent areas within themass. Due to denial of the patient to undergo surgery, she was started on oral anticoagulation, with complete dissolution of themass within one month.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia-Pacific Region: A Human Rights Perspective
Rajiv Narayan 한국인권학회 2020 인권연구 Vol.3 No.1
This article focuses on the human rights perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Asia-Pacific Region. It highlights the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the rights of life and health, made worse by the increased threats to the freedom from want in a climate of heightened fear. The vulnerable have become more vulnerable with the pandemic experiencing a disproportionate share of the pain and suffering, worsening poverty on the economically and socially marginalised sections of society. Millions have lostlivelihoods overnight, become homeless, displaced and had to make the existential choice of fighting to survive COVID-19 or hunger. In the Asia-Pacific region, where many countries have health facilities that are highly inadequate and coping mechanisms including social nets that are weak, these vulnerable, displaced, destitute persons have had to make a million perilous journeys in desperation. On the way, they have faced abuses, verbal and physical, from law-enforcement personnel, amongst others. Many have been stranded and forced to live precariously in limbo in make-shift camps. They face a very uncertain future with fewer jobs, lesser security. Women have had to bear the brunt in terms of higher unemployment and increased exposure to gender-based violence. Minority communities are under increased attacks with greater intolerance, at times fueled by populist majority-community political leaders. The conditions of persons deprived of liberty, which were already of concern, have got worse. Communities in conflictzones, refugees and asylum-seekers, migrants have become more vulnerableto the depredations of this pandemic and its aftermath. The ground has shifted beneath their feet. There has been an onset of an economic and social crises of grave proportions. The article highlights that human cost and erosion of human dignity as a consequence of the pandemic underlines the universality, indivisibility, essentiality of human rights. The unprecedented challenges during these uncertain times require that Governments and non-State actors need to adopt holistic, human-centric, rights-centered policies and measures.
Rajive Gupta,Satinder K. Juneja,Monika Gupta,Satya Paul 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.12
A solvent-free procedure is developed for the regeneration of carbonyl compounds from aldoximes or ketoximes by grinding at room temperature and from hydrazone, phenylhydrazone or semicarbazone derivatives under microwave irradiation using dioxane-dibromide/SiO2. Products are obtained in excellent yields and are in a state of high purity.
Rajiv Kumar Misra,Shaila Mitra,Rishav Kumar Jain,Shilpa Vahikar,Archana Bundela,Purak Misra 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.2
Background: Although using fine needle cytology with aspiration (FNC-A) for establishing diagnoses in the retroperitoneal region has shown promise, there is scant literature supporting a role of non-aspiration cytology (FNC-NA) for this region. We assessed the accuracy and reliability of FNC-A and FNC-NA as tools for preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses and compared the results of both techniques with each other and with histopathology. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with retroperitoneal masses were subjected to FNC-A and FNC-NA. Smears were stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin stain. An individual slide was objectively analysed using a point scoring system to enable comparison between FNC-A and FNC-NA. Results: By FNC-A, 91.7% accuracy was obtained in cases of retroperitoneal lymph node lesions followed by renal masses (83.3%). The diagnostic accuracy of other sites by FNC-A varied from 75.0%–81.9%. By FNC-NA, 93.4% diagnostically accurate results were obtained in the kidney, followed by 75.0% in adrenal masses. The diagnostic accuracy of other sites by FNC-NA varied from 66.7%–72.8%. Conclusions: Although both techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages, FNC-NA may be a more efficient adjuvant method of sampling in retroperitoneal lesions.