Impact of Food and Herbal Medication on Calcineurin Inhibitor Dose in Renal Transplant Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rainer Nowack,Christoph Ballé,Franz Birnkammer,Wolfgang Koch,Roland Sessler,Rainer Birck 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7

The incidence and severity of interactions of herbal products with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) metabolism in renal transplant recipients have not been systematically investigated. These patients have a high rate of herbal product consumption, including products interfering with CNI metabolism. The study aimed at identifying an impact of herbs and foods on CNI metabolism in a cohort of renal transplant recipients by conducting dietary interviews (1) in patients with very low and high CNI maintenance dose requirements and (2) by retrospective analysis of unexplained marked deviations from CNI baseline trough levels. Of 73 renal transplant recipients, 59 were treated with a CNI-based immunosuppressive regimen. Seven patients with an exceptionally high or low CNI dose were interviewed. Five of these seven patients had not consumed any plant product with known influence on CNI metabolism. In one patient chicory-coffee and bitter chocolate had been suspected as contributing to high CNI dose requirement, but the dose could not be lowered after discontinuation of these foods. Participating nephrologists reported three as yet unexplained temporary deviations from baseline CNI trough levels, of which two could be linked to newly started consumption of high volumes of herbal teas and the other to St. John's wort. Consumption of herbal products within the study cohort had no detectable impact on maintenance doses of CNI. However, herbal products, and specifically teas when consumed by the liter, could be linked to temporary strong deviations from CNI trough levels. The study demonstrates that as yet unnoticed herbal interactions with CNI can be detected by detailed dietary analysis, but that the overall impact on maintenance doses of CNI appears to be low.

[번역문] 대학과 실무의 형법

라이너 차칙(Rainer Zaczyk),손미숙(Misuk Son) 한국형사법학회 2022 刑事法硏究 Vol.34 No.1

이 글은 2011년에 발간된 잉에보르크 푸페 교수의 고희 기념논문집에 수록된 차칙의 논문을 한국어로 번역한 것이다. 법의 이론과 실무라고도 자주 표현되는, 학문과실무의 관계에 대한 저자 특유의 통찰은 (형)법에 관한 깊은 철학적 사상과 오랜 경험에서 나온 인식으로 독일 학계에서도 많은 공감을 얻고 있다. 한국과 독일 두 나라가 지닌 서로 다른 법문화적 특성과 법조인 양성을 위한 대학 교육의 차이 및 형법학연구의 상이한 전통과 방법에도 불구하고 형법(의 교육과 실무 및 연구) 전반에 걸친 근원적인 고찰은—현재 (형)법과 관련하여 전방위적으로 많은 난제를 안고 있는—우리에게 시사하는 바가 많다. 이런 배경 위에서—언급한 서로 밀접한 맥락 속에있는 주제들 중—법학 교육에 관한 저자의 주요 논제를 간략하게 요약해보면 다음과같다: 법학 교육의 과제는 학생들이 현행법의 개념들을 가지고 책임 있게 일할 수 있는능력을 배양하도록 하는 것이다. 이러한 일은 책임감을 필요로 하기 때문에 교육은피상적으로 배우는 내용들을 무비판적으로 수용하는 길들이기가 되어서는 안 된다. 교육은 학문을 위한 양성이 아니라, 학문을 통한 양성이어야 한다. 대학에서의 교육은 법조인 직업의 토대를 구축하는 것이지, 결코 직업교육이 아니며, 직업교육을 대학은 해낼 수도 없다. … 이것을 간결하게 포스터 방식으로 표현해보면: 교육이 비참해질수록, 실무는 더 비참해진다 — 여기서 실무는 당연히 일상의 지식과 처세술 및업무 매뉴얼을 모아 놓은 것이 아니라, 법의 영역에서 책임감 있게 하는 일을 말한다. This work is the Korean translation of a contribution by Professor Dr. Rainer Zaczyk, which was published in 2011 in the Festschrift for Ingeborg Puppe. The relationship between science and practice was always a problem not only for the jubilee, but also for the author; this is already evident in a number of his works. He also always kept an eye on training issues. The subject has been discussed many times before. However, it is presented here in a somewhat different way, as science in research and teaching as well as practice are brought into a context against the background of the task criminal law that unites them. This is also due to newer tendencies in science itself, to which a position is taken. Despite the different legal culture and legal education system between the two countries, the author s reflection can be very illuminating for Korea because of its fundamental and profound insight. Against this background, important thoughts of the author can be summarized: Students must acquire the ability to work with the concepts of applicable law in a responsible manner. Since this work must be responsible, the teaching must not be aimed at uncritically adopting material to be learned externally. It must be education through science, not to science. At the university, the foundation is laid for an understanding of (criminal) law, with which the students then deny their professional life. This can be put bluntly: The more miserable the training, the more miserable the practice — of course, practice is not understood here as a collection of everyday skills and rules of wisdom, but as responsible work in the fields of law.

Rechtsformen kommunaler Unternehmenswirtschaft in Deutschland

Rainer Pitschas,Katrin Schoppa 한국토지공법학회 2009 土地公法硏究 Vol.43 No.1

Rechtsprobleme der heterologen k?nstlichen Befruchtung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Rainer Frank 부산대학교 법학연구소 1988 법학연구 Vol.30 No.1

한부모 가정의 부양료 확보

( Rainer Frank ),김상용(역) 이화여자대학교 법학연구소 2006 法學論集 Vol.10 No.2

독일의 혼인재산분할제도

( Rainer Frank ),김상용(역) 이화여자대학교 법학연구소 2006 法學論集 Vol.10 No.2

Linguistische Überlegungen zum Aufbau eines Fachwörterbuchs

Rainer Dietrich 한독문학번역연구소 1995 번역연구 Vol.3 No.-

Challenges and Opportunities for Plant Made Pharmaceuticals

Rainer Fischer 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.39 No.-

Ethical Foundations of Knowledge as a Commons

Rainer Kuhlen 한국문헌정보학회 2011 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.45 No.2

We consider information ethics the reflection on beliefs, rules and values in electronic environments, in particular with respect to producing, exchanging, sharing and using knowledge and information. This paper will provide an overview of information ethics in the context of the UNESCO from the first INFOethics conference in Monte Carlo 1998, to the UNESCO contribution to the two United Nations WSIS conferences(World Summit on the Information Society) in Geneva and Tunis and to the information ethical aspects of the UNESCO Information for All Programme. As a result of this debate we conclude that there is need for a new approach to achieve the goal of people-centered, inclusive and sustainable knowledge societies. We propose to consider knowledge a commons. Commons is thus the central concept of knowledge ecology and the centerpiece of information ethics. In the commons paradigm, a new consensus needs to be achieved concerning traditional concepts such as freedom of information and science, intellectual property, authorship and the nature of knowledge objects in general. Information ethics can contribute to this discussion by providing an open discourse about these transformation processes.

Surgical treatment of early ovarian cancer with compartmental resection of regional lymphatic network and indocyanine-green-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (TCL, paraaortic part)

Rainer Kimmig,Paul Buderath,Pawel Mach,Peter Rusch,Bahriye Aktas 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.3

Objective: Whether pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is of therapeutic benefit in advanced ovarian cancer will remain unclear until the publication of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (AGO LION) trial. In early ovarian cancer, however, lymphadenectomy seems mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic reasons [1-3]. Methods: Complete systematic lymphadenectomy is accompanied by morbidity which may be reduced by sentinel node biopsy already established for several solid tumors [4-6]. In ovarian cancer there are 2 main pathways in lymphatic drainage: along the ovarian vessels to the para-aortic nodes and the uterine vessels to the iliac lymph compartments [7]. Following injection of radioactive dye into the ovarian ligaments this could be confirmed suggesting that there is bidirectional flow at this level of the ovarian and uterine lymphatic pathways [8]. Indocyanine-green-guided (ICG) injection to the uterine corpus seems to be equally effective in labelling the “uterine Müllerian” and the “ovarian mesonephric” lymphatic drainage of the ovary [9,10]. Results: This technique [9] was applied and will be outlined in the video showing the procedure with respect to the para-aortic lymphatic drainage. Isolated sentinel node biopsy and tumor excision will not resect the organ compartment together with its super-ordinated draining lymphatic system at risk. Conclusion: Thus, the authors suggest to remove the malignancy together with its draining lymphatic vessels and at least the first 2 sentinel nodes in each channel en bloc; we propose to analyze this procedure consistent with the ontogenetic approach [11, 12] with respect to diagnostic accuracy and loco-regional control. This could potentially avoid most of systematic lymphadenectomies in early ovarian cancer.