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유병용,이원길,김재식,전효진,노략균,이장백,김중명 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.4
1988년 1월부터 동년 12월말까지 경북대학교병원 임상병리과에 의뢰된 가검물 중에서 효모가 분리되었던 환자는 159명이었고, 남자와 여자의 비율은 1.8이었으며 1세 이하와 30세 이상에서 많았다. 또 분리 동정된 효모 총 159주 중 객담에서 78주(49.1%), 요에서 64주(40.3%), 복막액 5주(3.1%) 편도와 대변 각각 4주(2.5%), 농에서 3주(1.9%) 뇌척수액에서 1주(0.6%) 순으로 분리되었다. 분리된 효모로는 Candida albicans가 68주(42.8%), Candida tropicalis 33주(20.8%) Torulopsis glabrata 20주(12.6%), Candida parapsilosis 17주(10.7%), Trichosporon beigelli 7주(4.4%), Torulopsis candida 5주(3.1%), Torulopsis inconspicua와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 각 4주(2.5%), Candida guilliermondii 1주(0.6%) 순으로 있었다. 환자들의 기존질병은 폐질환이 70예, 요로질환이 40예 악성종양 및 당뇨병이 각 22예, 간질환 16예, 순환기 질환이 12예 등으로 나타났으며, 유인중 항생제 사용은 114예(80.0%), 수술 49예(34.3%), 카테터 46예(32.2%), 스테로이드사용 28예(19.6%) 악성종양과 당뇨병이 22예(15.4%), 항암제 사용이 10예(7.0%)로 나타났다. 유인이 2개 중복된 경우는 43예, 3개 중복은 38예, 4개는 11예, 5개는 2예로 나타났다. Yeast infection is commonest fungal infection of human. And their incidence becomes to be increased as the frequency of altered host immune system is increased. Antibiotics, cytotoxic drug, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, operative procedures and catherizations are predisposition of fungal infection. Since antifungal drug within a selective or narrow range of activity are available, it is important that speciation of yeast in routine clinical microbiology practice should be effected rapidly and reliably. Author isolated 159 strains of yeast and that were identified by API 20C Auxanogram®. Patient charts were reviewed retrogradely in order to find predisposing factors of isolated yeast cells. Yeast isolation is 1.8(102:57) of male to female rtio and is more frequently below 1 year-old and above 30 year-old in both sexes. Septum(49.1%). urine(40.3%) were major specimens in which yeast isolated. Candida albicans(42.8%), Candida tropicalis(20.8%), Torulopsis glabrata(12.6%), Candida parapsilosis(10.7%) were frequently identified species in order. Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were frequently isolated species among various specimens. Pulmonary diseases, urinary tract diseases, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus were major underlying diseases. And antibiotic(80.0%), operative procedure(34.3%), catherterization(32.2%), steroid(19.6%), malignancy(15.4%), diabetes mellitus(15.4%) and cytotoxic drug(7.0%) were predisposed in order.
Hong, Chi Rac,Park, Sung Joon,Choi, Seung Jun John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.96 No.9
<P>BACKGROUND: Surfactant-made micelles can control the rate of chemical degradation of poorly water-soluble food flavors. To evaluate how the molecular structure of surfactant has an influence on the chemical decomposition rate of citral, micelles were prepared with polyoxyethylene alkyl ether-type surfactants that had similar molecular structures but various hydrophilic head sizes and hydrophobic tail lengths. RESULTS: At a critical 20x micelle concentration of surfactant, there was no significant difference in the chemical degradation rate of citral in micelles in neutralpH, regardlessof thehydrophilic head size orhydrophobic tail length. In an acidic environment, the degradation rate constant of citral generally increased proportionally with increasing hydrophilic head size of surfactant (0.1563 and 0.2217 for surfactants with 23 and 100 oxyethylene units, respectively) but the length of hydrophobic tail did not affect the citral stability. Also, little difference (0.2217 and 0.2265 for surfactant having 100 oxyethylene units with and without Fe3+) in degradation rate constant of citral between simple micellar solution and micellar solution containing iron suggested that iron ions could not accelerate citral degradation in micelles, regardless of the form of iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+). CONCLUSION: This work concludes that although the concentration of surfactant could be relevant, if its concentration could be controlled in the samemanner as the critical micelle concentration, then a polyethylene alkyl ether-type surfactantwith a small hydrophilic head couldmore efficiently stabilize citral at an acidic pH. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Choi, Yi-Rac,Chae, Su Young,Ahn, Cheol-Hee,Lee, Minhyung,Oh, Seungjoon,Byun, Youngro,Rhee, Byoung Doo,Ko, Kyung Soo Informa Healthcare 2007 Journal of drug targeting Vol.15 No.6
<P> Block copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(amino acid)-based random copolymers were successfully synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of the N-carboxy anhydrides (NCA) of l-lysine and l-phenylalanine. The synthesized copolymers had a molecular weight of around 30,000 and contained l-lysine and l-phenylalanine residues with molar ratios of 10/0, 9/1, 8/2, 7/3 and 6/4. The complex formation of the copolymer and pCMV-luc plasmid DNA was confirmed by the gel retardation assay and zeta potential measurement. Complete neutralization was achieved at an N/P ratio of more than 1.0 and the size of the complex was determined to be around 150 nm by dynamic light scattering. The cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were tested on the HEK 293T cell line. The synthesized copolymers displayed negligible cytotoxicity, resulting in a cell viability of more than 95%, while those of the poly(l-lysine) (PLL) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) homopolymer were around 65 and 55%, respectively, under comparable conditions. The introduction of the hydrophilic PEG is believed to reduce the toxicity of the copolymer, due to its enhanced biocompatibility, and to impart improved stability to the complex under physiological conditions. The transfection efficiency at the optimized charge ratio of 7 was dramatically improved as the molar content of the l-phenylalanine residues in the copolymers increased and reached a maximum value at an l-phenylalanine content of 30 mol%. The transfection efficiency of the PEGK7/plasmid DNA complex was around 80 times higher than that of PLL, despite the presence of neutral PEG as a block segment.</P>
Hong, Chi Rac,Lee, Gyu Whan,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Chang, Pahn-Shick,Choi, Seung Jun Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.239 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study confirmed the possibility of biopolymer-type stabilizers to increase the saturation concentration of branched-chain amino acids by preventing their crystallization/precipitation. Although microfluidization increased the initial solubility, it failed to increase the saturation concentration of the branched-chain amino acids. The saturation concentration of the branched-chain amino acids increased from 3.81% to 4.42% and 4.85% after the incorporation of food hydrocolloids and proteins, respectively. However, the branched-chain amino acids:stabilizer ratio did not affect the solubility. In the case of food hydrocolloid-based solutions, crystal formation and growth of branched-chain amino acids occurred during storage, resulting in the precipitation of branched-chain amino acid crystals. However, food proteins effectively increased the stability of the solubilized branched-chain amino acids. The improved solubility and stability of the solubilized branched-chain amino acids could be attributed to interactions between the functional groups (carboxyl, amine, sulfate, aliphatic, aromatic, etc.) of the stabilizer and the branched-chain amino acid molecules.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microfluidization increased the initial solubility of branched-chain amino acids. </LI> <LI> Stabilizer increased the saturation concentration of branched-chain amino acids. </LI> <LI> Stabilizer type was a main factor to affect the stability of amino acid solutions. </LI> <LI> Amino acid:stabilizer ratio did not affect the BCAA solubility. </LI> <LI> The solution stability was not affected by amino acid:stabilizer ratio. </LI> </UL> </P>
Hong, Chi Rac,Lee, Gyu Whan,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Chang, Pahn-Shick,Choi, Seung Jun Applied Science Publishers 2017 Food chemistry Vol.221 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study examined the influence of stabilizers on the solubility and colloidal stability of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) nanosuspended through high pressure homogenization at 70°C. Although homogenization increased the initial BCAA solubility, irrespective of pH (pH 3 or 6), homogenization alone was not sufficient to increase their long-term solubility. The incorporation of stabilizers into nanosuspensions increased the saturation concentration of BCAAs but the effect of stabilizers on the increase in the saturation concentration of BCAAs was more pronounced at pH 6.0. At pH 6, Tween 80 dramatically increased the colloidal stability of the BCAA nanosuspensions, independent of the BCAA:stabilizer ratio but not at pH 3. However, the effect of lysolecithin on the colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs varied depending on pH and BCAA:lysolecithin ratio. In lysolecithin-related nanosuspensions, there was no clear relationship between the colloidal stability and nanosuspension conditions including pH and BCAA:lysolecithin ratio. This study could provide a useful information on stabilizer selection for the development of liquid or colloidal products with improved solubility and colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High pressure homogenization alone increased the initial BCAA solubility. </LI> <LI> pH is main factor affecting the long-term solubility of nanosuspended BCAAs. </LI> <LI> The incorporation of stabilizers increased the saturation concentration of BCAAs. </LI> <LI> Stabilizers affected the colloidal stability of BCAA nanosuspensions. </LI> <LI> BCAA:stabilizer ratio did not affect the solubility and the colloidal stability. </LI> </UL> </P>