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Market Integration through Smuggling: China's Sanction on Norwegian Salmon
Roberto J. Garcia(Roberto J. Garcia ),Thi Ngan Giang Nguyen(Thi Ngan Giang Nguyen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2023 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.38 No.1
Popular press accounts and the political-economics literature link awarding the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize to a Chinese dissident to China's trade sanction on Norway's whole, fresh/chilled salmon exports. Norway lost its dominant supplier share of the Chinese market as its total salmon exports to China decreased. Then, in 2011, Vietnam dramatically increased its imports of Norwegian salmon. A structural break divides the data series into two sub-periods: July 1997 to February 2011, and March 2011 to December 2018 (the sanction period). This provides statistical evidence of China imposing an unannounced trade sanction. During the sanction period, Vietnam's current monthly imports are negatively affected by China's lagged monthly imports. A decrease in China's previous monthly salmon imports from Norway “Granger causes” an increase in Vietnam's current imports. No such relationship existed before the sanction, implying that China and Vietnam's salmon markets became integrated through smuggling.
Roberto Jovel(Roberto Jovel ) 한국캐나다학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.14·15 No.-
Immigrant and refugee-serving non-governmental organizations have developed a set of practices to support the settlement and integration in Canada of people born abroad. Such practices include direct services, from information and referrals to enhancing immigrant civic engagement, as well as efforts aimed at educating the general public about immigration and diversity issues, and advocacy for immigrant and refugee rights before all levels of government. The immigrant and refugee-serving sector considers it important to look at Canadian multiculturalism policy from an anti- racist and anti-oppression perspective if full and fair participation is to be achieved for immigrants and refugees in all aspects of Canadian life.
National Trends and Correlates of Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery
Roberto J. Perez-Roman,Evan M. Luther,David McCarthy,Julian G. Lugo-Pico,Roberto Leon-Correa,Steven Vanni,Michael Y. Wang 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1
Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common performed surgery in the cervical spine. Dysphagia is one of the most frequent complications following ACDF. Several studies have identified certain demographic and perioperative risk factors associated with increased dysphagia rates, but few have reported recent trends. Our study aims to report current trends and factors associated with the development of inpatient postoperative dysphagia after ACDF. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was evaluated from 2004 to 2014 and discharges with International Classification of Diseases procedure codes indicating ACDF were selected. Time trend series plots were created for the yearly treatment trends for each fusion level by dysphagia outcome. Separate univariable followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of dysphagia. Results: A total of 1,212,475 ACDFs were identified in which 3.3% experienced postoperative dysphagia. A significant increase in annual dysphagia rates was observed from 2004–2014. Frailty, intraoperative neuromonitoring, 4 or more level fusions, African American race, fluid/electrolyte disorders, blood loss, and coagulopathy were all identified as significant independent risk factors for the development of postoperative dysphagia following ACDF. Conclusion: Postoperative dysphagia is a well-known postsurgical complication associated with ACDF. Our cohort showed a significant increase in the annual dysphagia rates independent of levels fused. We identified several risk factors associated with the development of postoperative dysphagia after ACDF.
Roberto Di Bari,Roberto Coronelli,Andrea Cicconetti 대한영상치의학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.3
Purpose: This study was performed to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the cortical and cancellous bone graft harvestable from the mental and canine regions, and to evaluate the cortical vestibular thickness. Materials and Methods: This study collected cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 100 Italian patients. The limits of the mental region were established: 5 mm in front of the medial margin of each mental foramen, 5 mm under the apex of each tooth present, and above the inferior mandibular cortex. Cortical and cancellous bone volumes were evaluated using SimPlant software (SimPlant 3-D Pro, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium) tools. In addition, the cortical vestibular thickness (minimal and maximal values) was evaluated in 3 cross-sections corresponding to the right canine tooth (3R), the median section (M), and the left canine tooth (3L). Results: The cortical volume was 0.71±0.23 mL (0.27-1.96 mL) and the cancellous volume was 2.16±0.76 mL (0.86-6.28 mL). The minimal cortical vestibular thickness was 1.54±0.41 mm (0.61-3.25 mm), and the maximal cortical vestibular thickness was 3.14±0.75mm(1.01-5.83 mm). Conclusion: The use of the imaging software allowed a patient-specific assessment of mental and canine region bone availability. The proposed evaluation method might help the surgeon in the selection of the donor site by the comparison between bone availability in the donor site and the reconstructive exigency of the recipient site.
Roberto J. Perez-Roman,David McCarthy,Evan M. Luther,Julian G. Lugo-Pico,Roberto Leon-Correa,Wendy Gaztanaga,Karthik Madhavan,Steven Vanni 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1
Objective: Obesity has become a public health crisis and continues to be on the rise. An elevated body mass index has been linked to higher rates of spinal degenerative disease requiring surgical intervention. Limited studies exist that evaluate the effects of obesity on perioperative complications in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Our study aims to determine the incidence of obesity in the ACDF population and the effects it may have on postoperative inpatient complications. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was evaluated from 2004 to 2014 and discharges with International Classification of Diseases procedure codes indicating ACDF were identified. This cohort was stratified into patients with diagnosis codes indicating obesity. Separate univariable followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed for the likelihood of perioperative inpatient outcomes among the patients with obesity. Results: From 2004 to 2014, estimated 1,212,475 ACDFs were identified in which 9.2% of the patients were obese. The incidence of obesity amongst ACDF patients has risen dramatically during those years from 5.8% to 13.4%. Obese ACDF patients had higher inpatient likelihood of dysphagia, neurological, respiratory, and hematologic complications as well as pulmonary emboli, and intraoperative durotomy. Conclusion: Obesity is a well-established modifiable comorbidity that leads to increased perioperative complications in various surgical specialties. We present one of the largest retrospective analyses evaluating the effects of obesity on inpatient complications following ACDF. Our data suggest that the number of obese patients undergoing ACDF is steadily increasing and had a higher inpatient likelihood of developing perioperative complications.
Bari, Roberto Di,Coronelli, Roberto,Cicconetti, Andrea Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.3
Purpose: This study was performed to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the cortical and cancellous bone graft harvestable from the mental and canine regions, and to evaluate the cortical vestibular thickness. Materials and Methods: This study collected cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 100 Italian patients. The limits of the mental region were established: 5 mm in front of the medial margin of each mental foramen, 5 mm under the apex of each tooth present, and above the inferior mandibular cortex. Cortical and cancellous bone volumes were evaluated using SimPlant software (SimPlant 3-D Pro, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium) tools. In addition, the cortical vestibular thickness (minimal and maximal values) was evaluated in 3 cross-sections corresponding to the right canine tooth (3R), the median section (M), and the left canine tooth (3L). Results: The cortical volume was $0.71{\pm}0.23mL$ (0.27-1.96 mL) and the cancellous volume was $2.16{\pm}0.76mL$ (0.86-6.28 mL). The minimal cortical vestibular thickness was $1.54{\pm}0.41mm$ (0.61-3.25 mm), and the maximal cortical vestibular thickness was $3.14{\pm}0.75mm$ (1.01-5.83 mm). Conclusion: The use of the imaging software allowed a patient-specific assessment of mental and canine region bone availability. The proposed evaluation method might help the surgeon in the selection of the donor site by the comparison between bone availability in the donor site and the reconstructive exigency of the recipient site.