Impacts of CEO Incentives and Power on Employee Wages

Qianqian Li(Qianqian Li),Yong Jae Shin(Yong Jae Shin),Unyong Pyo(Unyong Pyo) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2022 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.18 No.6

Purpose - This study investigates the impact of CEO incentive compensation and power on employee wages. While CEO compensation negatively affects employee wages, powerful CEOs may care for employees, and their compensation can have positive impacts on employee wages. Design/Methodology/Approach - Using data from US capital markets during 1992 - 2017, we employ pay-performance sensitivity to measure incentive compensation and CEO pay slices to proxy CEO power. We also examined the potential interaction effects between CEO compensation and CEO power. We conduct a Heckman two-step analysis to address potential sample bias and two-stage regression to address potential endogeneity. Findings - While incentive compensation negatively affects employee wages, CEO power positively affects employee wages. When examining the interaction effect between incentive compensation and CEO power, we note that the incentive effect is negative on employee wages only when the CEO is less powerful. However, when the CEO is more powerful, the incentive effect is positive on employee wages. Research Implications - When firms grant incentive compensation to CEOs for firm performance, they must also consider CEO power. Our results imply that CEO incentive compensation has a positive impact on employee wages when a CEO becomes more powerful. More incentive compensation to less-powerful CEOs could suppress employee wages and hurt firm performance in the long run.

Protective effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2 on atherosclerosis

Qianqian Xue,Tao Yu,Zhibin Wang,Xiuxiu Fu,Xiaoxin Li,Lu Zou,Min Li,Jae Youl Cho,Yanyan Yang The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) has a variety of pharmacological activities and provides benefits during inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. However, there are no reports about the relationship between Rg2 and atherosclerosis. Methods: We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detect the cell viability of Rg2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of inflammatory factors in HUVECs and the expression of phenotypic transformation-related marker in VSMCs were detected at mRNA levels. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of inflammation pathways and the expression of phenotypic transformation at the protein levels. The rat carotid balloon injury model was performed to explore the effect of Rg2 on inflammation and phenotypic transformation in vivo. Results: Rg2 decreased the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide in HUVECs-without affecting cell viability. These events depend on the blocking regulation of NF-κB and p-ERK signaling pathway. In VSMCs, Rg2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-which may contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic role. In rats with carotid balloon injury, Rg2 can reduce intimal proliferation after injury, regulate the inflammatory pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and also suppress the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that Rg2 can exert its anti-atherosclerotic effect at the cellular level and animal level, which provides a more sufficient basis for ginseng as a functional dietary regulator.

나노 알루미늄/불소 함유 폴리우레탄 결합제의 합성 및 열적 특성 연구

Qianqian Lan,김진석,권영환 한국추진공학회 2016 한국추진공학회지 Vol.20 No.5

현재 적용되고 있는 에너지화 가소제는 –NO2, -ONO2 및 –N3와 같은 에너지화 활성 그룹을 포함하고 있어서 충격, 쇼크, 열 등 외부환경에 상당히 민감하여 복합화약의 둔감 안정성을 취약하게 한다. 본 연구에서는 민감한 에너지화 활성 그룹이 아니라 근본적으로는 비활성 그룹으로 복합화약의 민감도에는 영향을 미치지 않지만, 복합화약의 반응 시에 테르밋반응에 의해 추가적인 에너지를 발생할 수있는 불소계 반응성 가소제를 적용한 폴리우레탄 결합제를 클릭반응으로 합성하고 나노 알루미늄과의테르밋반응에 대한 열적 특성을 고찰하였다. Energetic plasticizers containing explosophore groups such as –NO2, -ONO2, and –N3 group are susceptible to impact, shock, heat, etc, finally deteriorating the insensitivity of PBXs. In this study, in an attempt to investigate the feasibility of replacing sensitive explosophore groups to fundamentally inactive but potentially (latent) energetic fluorine group which was known to have an exothermic thermite reaction with aluminum, nano-aluminum/fluorinated polyurethane binders were prepared by simultaneous polyurethane and catalyst-free azide-alkyne click reaction in the presence of nano-aluminum. Thermal characteristics of nano-aluminum/fluorinated polyurethane binders were monitored by using DSC with high pressure crucible pan.

A Case Study of Intellectual Property Rights Using Animation Characters

QIANQIAN JIANG,Jean-Hun Chung 한국디지털정책학회 2022 디지털융복합연구 Vol.20 No.2

Promoting role of sulfur groups in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over H2SO4 modified activated carbons

Qianqian Guo,Wen Jing,Shangzeng Cheng,Zhanggen Huang,Dekui Sun,Yaqin Hou,Xiaojin Han 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.11

To determine the role of sulfur groups formed on activated carbon (AC) in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3, coal-based AC was modified by H2SO4 under various conditions and then treated in N2 atmosphere at 400 oC. The resulting carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for the SCR of NO with NH3 in the temperature range of 30-250 oC. Results reveal that H2SO4 modification has little effect on the textural properties, but promotes the formation of sulfur and oxygen groups. The sulfur groups incorporated by H2SO4 modification are mainly sulfonic groups and then sulfates. In particular, these sulfur groups play a predominant role in improving NH3 adsorption and then enhancing the SCR activity of modified carbons above 150 oC. However, the contribution of oxygen groups to NO reduction is very limited under the conditions employed in this work.

Spinal Cord Injury: How Could Acupuncture Help?

Qianqian Fan,Omer Cavus,Lize Xiong,Yun Xia 사단법인약침학회 2018 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.11 No.4

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, and it can result in both permanent disability and serial complications in patients. Research shows that patients with SCI complications are often interested in acupuncture for symptomatic relief. Therefore, the issue of physicians advising their patients regarding the use of acupuncture to alleviate SCI complications becomes pertinent. We review and summarize two types of relevant publications: (1) literature concerning acupuncture for SCI and its complications and (2) underlying mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for SCI. Clinical trials and reviews have suggested that acupuncture effectively manages a range of post-SCI complications, including motor and sensory dysfunction, pain, neurogenic bowel and bladder, pressure ulcers, spasticity, and osteoporosis. The effect of acupuncture on post-SCI orthostatic hypotension and sexual dysfunction remains unclear. Decreased oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, regulation of the expression and activity of endogenous biological mediators, and increased regenerative stem cell production are the possible mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for SCI. Although many limitations have been reported in previous studies, given the evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture, we recommend that physicians should support the use of acupuncture therapy for SCI complications.

Sugar accumulation and characterization of metabolizing enzyme genes in leafy head of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis )

Qianqian Liu,Junqing Li,Weixin Liu 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.1

Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis ) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop in eastern Asia. The fl avor ofChinese cabbage was mostly aff ected by soluble sugar content. To make clear its accumulation and regulation mechanism,the content of diff erent sugars in the internal blade (IB), the internal midrib (IM), the external blade (EB) and the externalmidrib (EM) of the leafy head were determined during the leafy head formation. The results showed that fructose was themajor sugar accumulated in the internal tissues, followed by glucose. IM was the main tissue of sugar accumulation with thehighest contents of total soluble sugar and hexose at harvest. RNA sequencing data of the four tissues at 90 DAS showed thatthe number of diff erentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IB and IM was the least (2408), while the number of DEGs betweenthe external and internal tissues ranged from 6037 to 8674. The enzyme genes diff erentially expressed in ‘starch and sucrosemetabolism’ pathway was detected during the leafy head development. The expression of two sucrose synthase (SUS) genes,SUS1a (Bra002332) and SUS1b (Bra006587), were always higher in IM than in the other tissues, and positively correlatedwith the content of total soluble sugar and hexose, respectively. SUS1 was considered to play an important role in leafy headdevelopment and sugar accumulation in Chinese cabbage.

Colonic Dysmotility in Murine Partial Colonic Obstruction Due to Functional Changes in Interstitial Cells

Qianqian Wang,Jingyu Zang,Xu Huang,Hongli Lu,Wenxie Xu,Jie Chen 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.4

Background/Aims Interstitial cells play important roles in gastrointestinal (GI) neuro-smooth muscle transmission. The underlying mechanisms of colonic dysmotility have not been well illustrated. We established a partial colon obstruction (PCO) mouse model to investigate the changes of interstitial cells and the correlation with colonic motility. Methods Western blot technique was employed to observe the protein expressions of Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (Pdgfra), Ca2+-activated Cl− (Ano1) channels, and small conductance Ca2+- activated K+ (SK) channels. Colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and isometric force measurements were employed in control mice and PCO mice. Results PCO mice showed distended abdomen and feces excretion was significantly reduced. Anatomically, the colon above the obstructive silicone ring was obviously dilated. Kit and Ano1 proteins in the colonic smooth muscle layer of the PCO colons were significantly decreased, while the expression of Pdgfra and SK3 proteins were significantly increased. The effects of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and an Ano1 channel inhibitor (NPPB) on CMMC and colonic spontaneous contractions were decreased in the proximal and distal colons of PCO mice. The SK agonist, CyPPA and antagonist, apamin in PCO mice showed more effect to the CMMCs and colonic smooth muscle contractions. Conclusions Colonic transit disorder may be due to the downregulation of the Kit and Ano1 channels and the upregulation of SK3 channels in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive (PDGFRα+) cells. The imbalance between interstitial cells of Cajal-Ano1 and PDGFRα-SK3 distribution might be a potential reason for the colonic dysmotility. Background/Aims Interstitial cells play important roles in gastrointestinal (GI) neuro-smooth muscle transmission. The underlying mechanisms of colonic dysmotility have not been well illustrated. We established a partial colon obstruction (PCO) mouse model to investigate the changes of interstitial cells and the correlation with colonic motility. Methods Western blot technique was employed to observe the protein expressions of Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (Pdgfra), Ca2+-activated Cl− (Ano1) channels, and small conductance Ca2+- activated K+ (SK) channels. Colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and isometric force measurements were employed in control mice and PCO mice. Results PCO mice showed distended abdomen and feces excretion was significantly reduced. Anatomically, the colon above the obstructive silicone ring was obviously dilated. Kit and Ano1 proteins in the colonic smooth muscle layer of the PCO colons were significantly decreased, while the expression of Pdgfra and SK3 proteins were significantly increased. The effects of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and an Ano1 channel inhibitor (NPPB) on CMMC and colonic spontaneous contractions were decreased in the proximal and distal colons of PCO mice. The SK agonist, CyPPA and antagonist, apamin in PCO mice showed more effect to the CMMCs and colonic smooth muscle contractions. Conclusions Colonic transit disorder may be due to the downregulation of the Kit and Ano1 channels and the upregulation of SK3 channels in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive (PDGFRα+) cells. The imbalance between interstitial cells of Cajal-Ano1 and PDGFRα-SK3 distribution might be a potential reason for the colonic dysmotility.

Oxidative degradation of Orange G by persulfate activated with iron-immobilized resin chars

Qianqian Shi,Aimin Li,Zhou Qing,Yan Li 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.25 No.-

Advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate activation are promising techniques for the removal of organic compounds in aqueous solutions. In the study, iron-immobilized resin chars were prepared by different methods and used as persulfate activators for the degradation of Orange G. The results showed that iron immobilization method had a significant effect on the reactivity of activator, which might be related to the distribution and chemical states of iron and sulfur elements in the sample. The activator prepared by doping method could be used over wide pH and temperature ranges and reused char still exhibited good performance for persulfate activation.

Fiber-polyquaterniums@Cu(I) as recyclable polymer-supported copper complex catalysts for alkyne coupling and cycloaddition reactions

Qianqian Hu,Xian-Lei Shi,Yongju Chen,Feng Wang,Yujing Weng,Peigao Duan 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-

Herein, a newly designed and synthesized fiber-supported polyquaterniums@Cu(I) served as efficient and recyclable polymer-supported copper complex catalysts for alkyne coupling and cycloaddition reactions, is reported. The fiber-supported copper complex catalyst was prepared systematically from commercially available polyacrylonitrile fiber, and characterized detailedly by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and SEM during both of the preparation and utilization processes. Moreover, the fiber-supported polyquaterniums@Cu(I) has been verified to possess high catalytic activities for the homocoupling of terminal alkyne in ethyl acetate (10 samples yields 83–99%, 10 cycles from 98% to 95%), A3 coupling of alkyne, aldehyde and amine in toluene (10 samples yields 81–94%, 10 cycles from 94% to 90%), and click chemistry of CuAAC reactions in water (10 samples yields 82–99%, 21 cycles from 97% to 96%). Furthermore, the newly developed fiber catalyst in spinning basket reactor displayed excellent stability and recyclability, and the concise and effective gram-scalable operation has extensive application prospect on chemical productions.