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Siti Roshayu Hassan,Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman,Irvan Dahlan 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.5
Organic Loading Rate (OLR) effect on the performance of Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated in this present study. The MAHB reactor is operated with a range of OLR of 0.14-4.00 gm COD/lit/day by varying the influent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg/lit and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. From the experiment, it was found that the reactor performance decrease when OLRs increase. Highest specific methane yield is 8.47 lit CH4/day with OLR of 1.33 gm COD/lit/day. The highest methane content achieved is 91.63 % from total of 6.43 lit biogas/day at a range pH of 6.6-7.5. Effluent Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) was below 35 mg/lit HOAC throughout the experiment while alkalinity where fluctuated at low OLR and slightly stable as the OLR increases. Higher OLRs of 2.0 to 3.0 gm COD/lit/day results in addition of inorganics in the reactor causing destabilization of the reactor and process failure, and thereby significantly affect the reactor performance in terms of organic removal. The OLR of 1.33 gm COD/lit/day was found to be optimum for MAHB reactor for the effective treatment of RPME both in terms of specific methane yield and COD removals.
Genome Constitution and Classification Using Retrotransposon-Based Markers in the Orphan Crop Banana
( Chee How Teo ),( Siang Hee Tan ),( Chai Ling Ho ),( Qamaruz Zaman Faridah ),( Yasmin Rofina Othman ),( John Seymour Heslop Harrison ),( Ruslan Kalendar ),( Alan Howard Schulman ) 한국식물학회 2005 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.48 No.1
We have exploited the repetitive and dispersed nature of many long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposon families for characterizing genome constitutions and classifying cultivars of the genus Musa. Insertional polymorphisms of the elements were studied using seven published and two newly designed primers facing outwards from the LTRs and reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the retrotransposon. The primers generated specific amplification patterns showing the universal applicability of this marker type. The Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers distinguished the A and B genomes of the banana species (Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla) and between banana cultivars. The IRAP markers enabled phylogenetic analysis of 16 Malaysian banana cultivars and determination of the genome constitution of hybrid banana (AAB, ABB, AABB, and AAAB), and gave information about ancestral genotypes of the hybrids. In addition, the TRAP detected new retrotransposon insertions into the genome of tissue culture regenerants. This PCR-based IRAP assay is amenable to large-scale throughput demands in screening breeding populations and is applicable for any crop.