漢江의 水鳥類調査

元炳旿,朴眞永,金恩英,金和貞 경희대학교 한국조류연구소 1993 연구보고 Vol.4 No.-

1. 1989년부터 1992년까지 동계에 한강의 서울수계에서 관찰한 조류는 총 39종, 최대 개체수는 27,615개체이며, 우점종은 흰죽지이다. 2. 1993년 2월부터 4월까지 한강하류에서 관찰한 조류는 총 38종, 최대개체수는 110,989개체이다. 최우점종은 흰죽지이며, 청둥오리, 고방오리 및 큰기러기의 순이었다. 3. 1992년 3월부터 5월까지 밤섬에서 관찰한 조류는 38종, 최대 개체수는 2,327개체이다. 최우점종은 청둥오리이며, 흰뺨검둥오리, 쇠오리 및 비오리의 순이었다. 4. 밤섬의 번식조류는 흰뺨검둥오리, 청둥오리 및 깝작도요이며, 꼬마물떼새와 쇠제비갈매기는 번식장소의 감소로 크게 줄어들었다. 5. 조류의 번식기간인 4~7월과 월동기간인 12~2월에는 밤섬의 출입을 엄격히 통제해야 하며, 인공 자갈못의 조성, 인공 새집의 가설, 먹이 공급 등을 통한 장기적인 보호 방안이 필요하다. 6. 행주대교에서 최근에 세워진 오두산통일전망대까지 약 25㎞에 이르는 한강하류지역은 재두루미, 개리, 큰기러기, 쇠기러기 및 말똥가리류, 수리류, 개구리매류 등 맹금류를 포함하는 10만마리 이상의 대집단이 도래하는 지역이다. 따라서 현재 천연기념물지역으로 지정된 한강하구지역은 수금류의 보호를 위해 위에 언급한 지역을 포함하여 확대지정하여야만 한다. 1. A total of 39 species with a maximum individual number of 27,615 of waterbirds was observed on the Han River in Seoul during the winter periods of 1982-1992, among which the most dominant species was Aythya ferina. 2. A maximum count of 110,989 individuals of 38 species were recorded from February to April 1993 on Han River estuary. The most dominant species was Aythya ferina followed by Anas platyrhynchos, A. acuta and Anser fabalis. 3. A maximum count of 2,327 individuals of 38 species were made during the bird census on Pam Islet, among which the most dominant species was Anas platyrhynchos followed by A. poecilorhyncha, A. crecca and Mergus merganser. 4. The species of birds breeding on Pam Islet were Anas platyrhynchos, A. poecilorhyncha and Tringa hypoleucos. The number of Charadrius dubius and Sterna albifrons was greatly declined due to the decrease of their breeding sites. 5. People coming to Pam Islet should be restricted during the breeding season from April to June and the wintering season from December to February. Long-term protection measures, such as artificial gravel pits and nests, and feed, are necessary for the waterbirds inhabiting this islet. 6. The downstream of the Han River stretching about 25㎞ from Haengju Bridge to the Han River estuary, where the unification observatory has recently been erected, becomes the wintering site of more than 100,000 waterfowl including rare spcies such as White-naped crane, Swan goose, Bean goose, White-fronted goose; and birds of prey such as buzzards, eagles, and harriers. Therefore, the present natural monument of the Han River estuary should be expanded by legislation to include the downstream of the Han River mentioned above for the protection of waterfowl.

西海岸의 江華島와 永宗島에 渡來하는 涉禽類의 生態

金恩英,元炳旿 경희대학교 한국조류연구소 1993 연구보고 Vol.4 No.-

Seasonal fluctuations of wader population, biomasses of potential benthic invertebrates, and the roosting and foraging behaviour of waders migrating to Kanghwa island and Yongjong island on the west coast of Korea were studied from April 1991 to September 1992. 1. On Kanghwa island, the maximum fluctuation of the total individuals was 240 to 17,176, and the number of species was 3 to 26. The density and biomass of the potential food organisms of wader, in spring, were 992 nㆍm^(-2) and 79.2g ADW m^(-2). In fall, the density was 2,510nㆍm^(-2) and biomass was 47.5g ADWㆍmm^(-2). 2. On the Unnam-ri mudflat of Yongjong island, the maximum fluctuation of the total individuals was 5,836 to 6,691, and the number of species was 19 to 22. The density and biomass of the potential food organisms of wader, in spring, were 185 nㆍm^(-2) and 168.5g ADWㆍm^(-2): In fall, the density was 95nㆍm^(-2) and the biomass was 12.4g ADWㆍm^(-2). 3. On the Sammok-ri mudflat of Yongjong island, the maximum fluctuation of the total individuals was 4,101 to 23,063 and the number of species was 17 to 24. The density and biomass of the potential food organisms of wader, in spring, were 257 nㆍm^(-2) and 287.5g ADWㆍm^(-2): In fall, the density was 74 nㆍm^(-2) and the biomass was 50g ADWㆍm^(-2). 4. The length of time spent by waders roosting at various high tide heights on the Yeocha-ri mudflat, when height of tide was over 8m, was average 322 minutes(SD=35.3). 5. The average number of steps and peckings(or probing) of some dominant species were as follows: 158 steps(SD=15.0) and 30.4 peckings(SD=4.5) for the Kentish Plover; 122.6steps(SD=12.7) and 20.3 peckings(SD=3.0) for the Mongolian Plover; 96.0 steps(SD=12.7) and 10.2 peckings(SD=3.3) for the Grey Plover; 150.3 steps(SD=9.5) and 31.3 peckings(SD=2.5) for the Dunlin; 76.3 steps(SD=23.5)and 15.8 probings(SD=4.9) for the Eastern Curlew. The main prey items of large waders were crabs Macrophothalmus japonicus and those of small and middle-size waders were polychaeta on the Yeocha-ri mudflat.

Radiation Safety and Education in the Applicants of the Final Test for the Expert of Pain Medicine

( Pyong Eun Park ),( Jung Min Park ),( Joo Eun Kang ),( Jae Hun Cho ),( Suk Ju Cho ),( Jae Hun Kim ),( Woo Seog Sim ),( Yong Chul Kim ) 대한통증학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.1

Background: The C-arm fluoroscope is known as the most important equipment in pain interventions. This study was conducted to investigate the completion rate of education on radiation safety, the knowledge of radiation exposure, the use of radiation protection, and so on. Methods: Unsigned questionnaires were collected from the 27 pain physicians who applied for the final test to become an expert in pain medicine in 2011. The survey was composed of 12 questions about the position of the hospital, the kind of hospital, the use of C-arm fluoroscopy, radiation safety education, knowledge of annual permissible radiation dose, use of radiation protection, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure. Results: In this study, although most respondents (93%) had used C-arm fluoroscopy, only 33% of the physicians completed radiation safety education. Even though nine (33%) had received education on radiation safety, none of the physicians knew the annual permissible radiation dose. In comparing the radiation safety education group and the no-education group, the rate of wearing radiation-protective glasses or goggles and the use of radiation badges or dosimeters were significantly higher in the education group. However, in the use of other protective equipment, knowledge of radiation safety, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure, there were no statistical differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The respondents knew very little about radiation safety and had low interest in their radiation exposure. To make the use of fluoroscopy safer, additional education, as well as attention to and knowledge of practices of radiation safety are required for pain physicians. (Korean J Pain 2012; 25: 16-21)

Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Plays a Pivotal Role in Neuroinflammation by Modulating TNF-α Activation

Lee, Eun-Jung,Han, Jeong Eun,Woo, Moon-Sook,Shin, Jin A.,Park, Eun-Mi,Kang, Jihee Lee,Moon, Pyong Gon,Baek, Moon-Chang,Son, Woo-Sung,Ko, Young Tag,Choi, Ji Woong,Kim, Hee-Sun The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2014 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.193 No.5

<P>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in normal brain development and synaptic plasticity, although aberrant expression of MMPs leads to brain damage, including blood–brain barrier disruption, inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal cell death. In this article, we report that MMP-8 is upregulated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and primary cultured microglia, and treatment of MMP-8 inhibitor (M8I) or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA suppresses proinflammatory molecules, particularly TNF-α secretion. Subsequent experiments showed that MMP-8 exhibits TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE) activity by cleaving the prodomain of TNF-α (A<SUP>74</SUP>/Q<SUP>75</SUP>, A<SUP>76</SUP>/V<SUP>77</SUP> residues) and, furthermore, that M8I inhibits TACE activity more efficiently than TAPI-0, a general TACE inhibitor. Biochemical analysis of the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of M8I revealed that it inhibits MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB/AP-1 activity, and reactive oxygen species production. Further support for the proinflammatory role of microglial MMP-8 was obtained from an in vivo animal model of neuroinflammatory disorder. MMP-8 is upregulated in septic conditions, particularly in microglia. Administration of M8I or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA significantly inhibits microglial activation and expression/secretion of TNF-α in brain tissue, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of LPS-induced septic mice. These results demonstrate that MMP-8 critically mediates microglial activation by modulating TNF-α activity, which may explain neuroinflammation in septic mouse brain.</P>

Radiation Safety and Education in the Applicants of the Final Test for the Expert of Pain Medicine

Park, Pyong-Eun,Park, Jung-Min,Kang, Joo-Eun,Cho, Jae-Hun,Cho, Suk-Ju,Kim, Jae-Hun,Sim, Woo-Seog,Kim, Yong-Chul The Korean Pain Society 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.1

Background: The C-arm fluoroscope is known as the most important equipment in pain interventions. This study was conducted to investigate the completion rate of education on radiation safety, the knowledge of radiation exposure, the use of radiation protection, and so on. Methods: Unsigned questionnaires were collected from the 27 pain physicians who applied for the final test to become an expert in pain medicine in 2011. The survey was composed of 12 questions about the position of the hospital, the kind of hospital, the use of C-arm fluoroscopy, radiation safety education, knowledge of annual permissible radiation dose, use of radiation protection, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure. Results: In this study, although most respondents (93%) had used C-arm fluoroscopy, only 33% of the physicians completed radiation safety education. Even though nine (33%) had received education on radiation safety, none of the physicians knew the annual permissible radiation dose. In comparing the radiation safety education group and the no-education group, the rate of wearing radiation-protective glasses or goggles and the use of radiation badges or dosimeters were significantly higher in the education group. However, in the use of other protective equipment, knowledge of radiation safety, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure, there were no statistical differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The respondents knew very little about radiation safety and had low interest in their radiation exposure. To make the use of fluoroscopy safer, additional education, as well as attention to and knowledge of practices of radiation safety are required for pain physicians.

RESEARCH ARTICLE : Integrative analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data for identification of pathways related to simvastatin-induced hepatoxicity

( Young Eun Cho ),( Pyong Gon Moon ),( Jeong Eun Lee ),( Thoudam S K Singh ),( Wonku Kang ),( Hyun Chul Lee ),( Myung Hoon Lee ),( Sang Hyun Kim ),( Moon Chang Baek ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0

Hepatocytes are used widely as a cell model for investigation of xenobiotic metabolism and the toxic mechanism of drugs. Simvastatin is the first statin drug used extensively in clinical practice for control of elevated cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia. However, it has also been reported to cause adverse effects in liver due to cellular damage. In this study, for proteomic and transcriptomic analysis, rat primary hepatocytes were exposed to simvastatin at IC20 concentration for 24 h. Among a total of 607 differentially expressed proteins, 61 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins have been identified in the simvastatin-treated group. At the mRNA level, results of transcriptomic analysis revealed 206 upregulated and 41 downregulated genes in the simvastatin-treated group. Based on results of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, xenobiotics by metabolism of cytochrome P450, fatty acid metabolism, bile metabolism, and urea cycle and inflammation metabolism pathways were focused using IPA software. Genes (FASN, UGT2B, ALDH1A1, CYP1A2, GSTA2, HAP90, IL-6, IL-1, FABP4, and ABC11) and proteins (FASN, CYP2D1, UG2TB, ALDH1A1, GSTA2, HSP90, FABP4, and ABCB11) related to several important pathways were confirmed by real-time PCR andWestern blot analysis, respectively. This study will provide new insight into the potential toxic pathways induced by simvastatin.

In-depth Identification of Pathways Related to Cisplatin-induced Hepatotoxicity through an Integrative Method Based on an Informatics-assisted Label-free Protein Quantitation and Microarray Gene Expression Approach

Cho, Young-Eun,Singh, Thoudam S. K.,Lee, Hyun-Chul,Moon, Pyong-Gon,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Lee, Myung-Hoon,Choi, Eung-Chil,Chen, Yu-Ju,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Baek, Moon-Chang American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2012 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics Vol.11 No.1

Effects of Temperature and Compost Conditions on the Biodegradation of Degradable Polymers

(Eun Joo Jung),(Pyong Kyun Shin),(Hee Kyung Bae) 한국미생물생명공학회 1999 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.9 No.4

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Comparison of the Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on TNF-a Release from Activated Microglia and TNF-a Converting Enzyme Activity

( Eun Jung Lee ),( Pyong Gon Moon ),( Moon Chang Baek ),( Hee Sun Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.5

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that regulate cell-matrix composition and are also involved in processing various bioactive molecules such as cell-surface receptors, chemokines, and cytokines. Our group recently reported that MMP-3, -8, and -9 are upregulated during microglial activation and play a role as proinflammatory mediators (Lee et al., 2010, 2014). In particular, we demonstrated that MMP-8 has tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-converting enzyme (TACE) activity by cleaving the prodomain of TNF-α and that inhibition of MMP-8 inhibits TACE activity. The present study was undertaken to compare the effect of MMP-8 inhibitor (M8I) with those of inhibitors of other MMPs, such as MMP-3 (NNGH) or MMP-9 (M9I), in their regulation of TNF-α activity. We found that the MMP inhibitors suppressed TNF-α secretion from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated BV2 microglial cells in an order of efficacy: M8I>NNGH>M9I. In addition, MMP inhibitors suppressed the activity of recombinant TACE protein in the same efficacy order as that of TNF-α inhibition (M8I>NNGH>M9I), proving a direct correlation between TACE activity and TNF-α secretion. A subsequent pro-TNF-α cleavage assay revealed that both MMP-3 and MMP-9 cleave a prodomain of TNF-α, suggesting that MMP-3 and MMP-9 also have TACE activity. However, the number and position of cleavage sites varied between MMP-3, -8, and -9. Collectively, the concurrent inhibition of MMP and TACE by NNGH, M8I, or M9I may contribute to their strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Effects of Various Parameters on Biodegradation of Degradable Polymers in Soil

(Pyong Kyun Shin),(Eun Joo Jung) 한국미생물생명공학회 1999 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.9 No.6

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