Microstructure and Tensile Properties of SS400 Carbon Steel and SUS430 Stainless Steel Butt Joint by Gas Metal Arc Welding

Pramote Poonnayom,Sakchai Chantasri,Jesada Kaewwichit,Waraporn Roybang,Kittipong Kimapong 국제문화기술진흥원 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.1

The application of SS400 carbon steel and AISI430 ferritic stainless steel joint has been increased in industries because of the advantage of both metals was able to increase the service lifetime of the important structures. Therefore, a fusion welding process that could produce a sound weld and good joint properties should be optimized. This research is aimed to weld a butt joint of SS400 carbon steel and AISI430 ferritic stainless steel using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) welding process and to study the effects of welding parameters on joint properties. The experimental results were concluded as follows. The optimized welding parameter that produced the tensile strength of 448 MPa was the welding current of 110A, the welding speed of 400 mm/min and the mixed gas of 80%Ar + 20%CO2. Increase of the welding current affected to increase and decrease the tensile strength of the joint, respectively. Lower welding current produced the incomplete bonding of the metals and indicated the low tensile strength. Microstructure investigation of the welded joint showed a columnar grain in the weld metal and a coarse grain in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The unknown hard precipitated phases were also found at the grain boundaries of the weld metal and HAZ. The hardness profile did not show the difference of the hardness on the joint that was welded by various welding currents but the hardness of the weld metal was higher than that of the other location.

Carbohydrate content and composition of product from subcritical water treatment of coconut meal

Pramote Khuwijitjaru,Kumutakan Watsanit,Shuji Adachi 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1

Coconut meal, a by-product from coconut milk production, was treated with subcritical water at 100–200 8C for 30–240 min in a batch-type reactor. The analysis focused on the content and constituent neutral sugar of the soluble carbohydrate in the liquid products. The carbohydrate is composed of both monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Treatments at 100–150 8C gave a small amount of a carbohydrate (3.5–5.1 g/100 g dry coconut meal). At 175 8C, the carbohydrate content increased from 4.9 to 9.6 g/100 g dry coconut meal (p < 0.05) for 30–240 min of treatment, but the value decreased from 10.6 to 6.1 g/100 g dry coconut meal for 30–240 min of treatment at 200 8C. The soluble carbohydrate contained mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose. A response surface methodology study indicated that 13.9 g/100 g dry coconut meal of mannose in the soluble carbohydrate could be produced at 227 8C in 3 min.

Selective synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanocapsules using naphthalene pyrolysis assisted with ferrocene

Pramote Puengjinda,Noriaki Sano,Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon,Tawatchai Charinpanitkul 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.3

Selective synthesis of well aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNT) and multi-shelled carbon nanocapsule (MS-CNC) using pyrolysis of naphthalene with the presence of ferrocene was experimentally examined. With higher mole fraction of naphthalene to ferrocene, more MW-CNTs could be synthesized due to higher concentration of carbonaceous precursors emerging from the decomposed naphthalene. Based on kinetic analysis, at lower temperature, MW-CNTs could preferably be synthesized due to the controlled supply of carbonaceous clusters to get onto the surface of Fe clusters. On the other hand, at temperature higher than 900℃ the Fe clusters become more active to catalyze carbonaceous precursors to undergo self assembling process of MS-CNCs. With cheaper cost of naphthalene compared with other high-value hydrocarbons, usage of naphthalene would provide an advantage of reasonably economical synthesis of MW-CNT or MS-CNC.

Utilization of Steam-treated Oil Palm Fronds in Growing Saanen Goats: II. Supplementation with Energy and Urea

Paengkoum, Pramote,Liang, J.B.,Jelan, Z.A.,Basery, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein and energy on goats fed oil palm fronds (OPF) as roughages. Twenty-four male Saanen goats aged between 7 and 8 months and weighing $23.4{\pm}1.6kg$ were used in a $2{\times}3$ factorial design. Factors were three levels of urea (3%, 4% or 5%) and two levels of energy (low energy (LE) or high energy (HE)). On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, digestible nutrient intakes, ruminal ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA) and individual VFA concentrations (mM/L), microbial N supply, P/E ratio and N retention were higher for HE compared to LE diets. Significant (p<0.05) interactions were found between levels of urea and energy for nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) and energy (DE) digestibilities, ruminal $NH_3$-N and total VFA concentrations. HE diets had higher N absorption and retention than LE diets. Interactions between urea and energy for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), heat production (HP), and urine and faeces N excretion were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the HE diets than those recorded for the LE diets. The results indicated that supplementation of energy enhanced utilization of urea and resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance. However, the optimal level of urea supplementation remained at 3% in the HE diet.

The Effects of the Respiratory Rehabilitation Program on Perceived Self-Efficacy and Dyspnea in Patients with Lung Cancer

Saetan Pramote,Chaiviboontham Suchira,Pokpalagon Piyawan,Chansriwong Pichai 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.5

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of the respiratory rehabilitation program on perceived self-efficacy and dyspnea in patients with lung cancer. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research study with a two-group repeated measures design with the pretest and post-test at Week 4 and Week 8. The theory of self-efficacy by Bandura was used as the conceptual framework. The sample consisted of patients with nonesmall-cell lung cancer Stage 4 who visited the oncology clinic in a university hospital. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and equally allocated to the control group and experimental group. The control group received routine nursing care only, whereas the experimental group received the respiratory rehabilitation program. The program comprised dyspnea educating, breathing exercise, using handheld fans, effective coughing, respiratory strengthening training, and follow-up by phone in the third and sixth week. Data for perceived selfefficacy and dyspnea were collected before the program start and reassessment in the fourth and eighth week. Instrumentation was composed of the respiratory rehabilitation program, demographic data, perceived self-efficacy assessment for respiratory rehabilitation, and the Cancer Dyspnea Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-factor repeated measures analysis of variance and by comparing means between groups. Results: The result revealed that almost all of the patients in the sample were men, and the mean age of the experimental group and control group was 65.80 years (standard deviation = 8.80) and 73.00 years (standard deviation = 7.60), respectively. There was significant different in the mean score of perceived self-efficacy and dyspnea between the experimental group and the control group (p < .050). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the respiratory rehabilitation program should be used to promote self-efficacy and relieve dyspnea in patients with lung cancer.

Adaptive finite elements by Delaunay triangulation for fracture analysis of cracks

Dechaumphai, Pramote,Phongthanapanich, Sutthisak,Bhandhubanyong, Paritud Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.5

Delaunay triangulation is combined with an adaptive finite element method for analysis of two-dimensional crack propagation problems. The content includes detailed descriptions of the proposed procedure which consists of the Delaunay triangulation algorithm and an adaptive remeshing technique. The adaptive remeshing technique generates small elements around the crack tips and large elements in the other regions. Three examples for predicting the stress intensity factors of a center cracked plate, a compact tension specimen, a single edge cracked plate under mixed-mode loading, and an example for simulating crack growth behavior in a single edge cracked plate with holes, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure. These examples demonstrate that the proposed procedure can improve solution accuracy as well as reduce total number of unknowns and computational time.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of SS400 Carbon Steel and SUS430 Stainless Steel Butt Joint by Gas Metal Arc Welding

Poonnayom, Pramote,Chantasri, Sakchai,Kaewwichit, Jesada,Roybang, Waraporn,Kimapong, Kittipong The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.1

The application of SS400 carbon steel and AISI430 ferritic stainless steel joint has been increased in industries because of the advantage of both metals was able to increase the service lifetime of the important structures. Therefore, a fusion welding process that could produce a sound weld and good joint properties should be optimized. This research is aimed to weld a butt joint of SS400 carbon steel and AISI430 ferritic stainless steel using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) welding process and to study the effects of welding parameters on joint properties. The experimental results were concluded as follows. The optimized welding parameter that produced the tensile strength of 448 MPa was the welding current of 110A, the welding speed of 400 mm/min and the mixed gas of $80%Ar+20%CO_2$. Increase of the welding current affected to increase and decrease the tensile strength of the joint, respectively. Lower welding current produced the incomplete bonding of the metals and indicated the low tensile strength. Microstructure investigation of the welded joint showed a columnar grain in the weld metal and a coarse grain in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The unknown hard precipitated phases were also found at the grain boundaries of the weld metal and HAZ. The hardness profile did not show the difference of the hardness on the joint that was welded by various welding currents but the hardness of the weld metal was higher than that of the other location.

Utilization of Steam-treated Oil Palm Fronds in Growing Goats: 1. Supplementation with Dietary Urea

Paengkoum, Pramote,Liang, J.B.,Jelan, Z.A.,Basery, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9

Five male dairy goats (Saanen), 4.6 month old with a body weight of 21.4 ($SD{\pm}1.6$) kg, were used to examine 5 dietary urea treatments in a $5{\times}5$ Latin Square experimental design. The five levels of urea were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g urea/kg DM of steam-treated oil palm fronds (OPF) and dry matter intake tended (p>0.05) to increase with increasing urea supplementation up to 30 g/kg OPF (77.7 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$), but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g urea/kg OPF (67.4 and 63.7 g/kg BW0.75, respectively) supplementation. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose digestibilities increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to 30 g/kg OPF but thereafter decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. Ruminal pH, ruminal $NH_3$-N concentration and plasma urea concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as a consequence of addition of urea to the diet. Excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) by goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF was highest (p<0.05) followed by goats fed 20, 40, 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF. Microbial N (g N/day) and efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as g N/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF (5.5 g N/day and 22.0 g N/kg DOMR, respectively) than in goats on 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF treatments. However, the former did not differ from goats fed 20 g of urea/kg OPF (3.9 g N/day and 16.6 g N/kg DMOR, respectively). Ruminal VFA concentration, protein/energy ratio, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to the diet up to 30 g/kg OPF but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. This implies that the optimal level of urea supplementation in an OPF based diet was about 30 g urea/kg OPF.

Chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence for prevention and management

( Parineeta Thapa ),( Pramote Euasobhon ) 대한통증학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.31 No.3

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an unwanted adverse event in any operation. It leads to functional limitations and psychological trauma for patients, and leaves the operative team with feelings of failure and humiliation. Therefore, it is crucial that preventive strategies for CPSP are considered in high-risk operations. Various techniques have been implemented to reduce the risk with variable success. Identifying the risk factors for each patient and applying a timely preventive strategy may help patients avoid the distress of chronic pain. The preventive strategies include modification of the surgical technique, good pain control throughout the perioperative period, and preoperative psychological intervention focusing on the psychosocial and cognitive risk factors. Appropriate management of CPSP patients is also necessary to reduce their suffering. CPSP usually has a neuropathic pain component; therefore, the current recommendations are based on data on chronic neuropathic pain. Hence, voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonists, antidepressants, topical lidocaine and topical capsaicin are the main pharmacological treatments. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and weak opioids can be used according to symptom severity, but strong opioids should be used with great caution and are not recommended. Other drugs that may be helpful are ketamine, clonidine, and intravenous lidocaine infusion. For patients with failed pharmacological treatment, consideration should be given to pain interventions; examples include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, botulinum toxin injections, pulsed radiofrequency, nerve blocks, nerve ablation, neuromodulation and surgical management. Physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle modifications are also useful for relieving the pain and distress experienced by CPSP patients. (Korean J Pain 2018; 31: 155-73)

Two-Dimensional Adaptive Mesh Generation Algorithm and its Application with Higher-Order Compressible Flow Solver

Sutthisak Phongthanapanich,Pramote Dechaumphai 대한기계학회 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.12

A combined procedure for two-dimensional Delaunay mesh generation algorithm and an adaptive remeshing technique with higher-order compressible flow solver is presented. A pseudo-code procedure is described for the adaptive remeshing technique. The flux-difference splitting scheme with a modified multidimensional dissipation for high-speed compressible flow analysis on unstructured meshes is proposed. The scheme eliminates nonphysical flow solutions such as the spurious bump of the carbuncle phenomenon observed from the bow shock of the flow over a blunt body and the oscillation in the odd-even grid perturbation in a straight duct for the Quirk's odd-even decoupling test. The proposed scheme is further extended to achieve higher-order spatial and temporal solution accuracy. The performance of the combined procedure is evaluated on unstructured triangular meshes by solving several steady-state and transient high-speed compressible flow problems.<br/>