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Purification and Characterization of a Deoxyriboendonuclease from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mandal, Prajna,Chakraborty, Phulghuri,Sau, Subrata,Mandal, Nitai Chandra Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.2
A deoxyriboendonuclease has been purified to near homogeneity from a fast growing mycobacterium species, M. smegmatis and characterized to some extent. The size of enzyme is about 43 kDa as determined by a denaturing gel analysis. It shows optimum activity at $32^{\circ}C$ in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) containing 2.5 mM of $MgCl_2$. Both EDTA and $K^+$ but not $Na^+$ inhibit its activity. Evidences show that the enzyme is not a restriction endonuclease but catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of both the double- as well as the single-strand DNA non-specifically. It has been shown that the cleavage by this enzyme generates DNA fragments carrying phosphate groups at 5' ends and hydroxyl group at the 3' ends, respectively. Analysis reveals that no endonuclease having size and property identical to our deoxyriboendonuclease had been purified from M. smegmatis before. The property of our enzymes closely matches with the deoxyriboendonucleases purified from diverse sources including bacteria.
Bhat J Prajna,Krishna Rajalakshmi 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.3
Background and Objectives: The current study investigates pitch coding using frequency following response (FFR) among vocalists, violinists, and non-musicians for Indian Carnatic transition music stimuli and assesses whether their listening biographies strengthen their F0 neural encoding for these stimuli.Subjects and Methods: Three participant groups in the age range of 18-45 years were included in the study. The first group of participants consisted of 20 trained Carnatic vocalists, the second group consisted of 13 trained violinists, and the third group consisted of 22 non-musicians. The stimuli consisted of three Indian Carnatic raga notes (/S-R2-G3/), which was sung by a trained vocalist and played by a trained violinist. For the purposes of this study, the two transitions between the notes T1=/S-R2/ and T2=/R2-G3/ were analyzed, and FFRs were recorded binaurally at 80 dB SPL using neuroscan equipment.Results: Overall average responses of the participants were generated. To assess the participants’ pitch tracking to the Carnatic music stimuli, stimulus to response correlation (CC), pitch strength (PS), and pitch error (PE) were measured. Results revealed that both the vocalists and violinists had better CC and PS values with lower PE values, as compared to non-musicians, for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli. Between the musician groups, the vocalists were found to perform superiorly to the violinists for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli.Conclusions: Listening biographies strengthened F0 neural coding, with respect to the vocalists for vocal stimulus at the brainstem level. The violinists, on the other hand, did not show such preference.
Top Central Asian Educational Institutions on Publons: Analysis of Researchers and Reviewers
Ahmed Sakir,Anirvan Prajna 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.21
Background: The Publons platform provides integrated information on researchers, peer reviewers, publications and certain author metrics. Central Asia is a potentially growing region in terms of young researchers. Methods: Using the inbuilt Publons search, the top institutes of nine countries of Central Asia and neighbours were identified and data on their reviewers, number of publications, number of peer reviews completed were extracted. These were compared with demographics of the countries such as population, gross domestic product, number of physicians and proportion of population enrolled for higher education. Results: Amongst the top 15 institutes in Central Asia, China has claim to 12 while Kazakhstan has two and Iran has one. The number of top peer reviewers, number of verified reviews and Web of Science indexed publications from these top institutes varied directly with the number of researchers each had. Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan are not performing well on most of these while China seems to be an outlier on the upper edge of the graphs. There is good correlation between the number of researchers in the top institutes per country and both number of publications and number of completed reviews. The number of total publications per top ten institutes of each country has high correlation with various demographic parameters like total population (Spearman rho, ρ = 0.85), gross domestic product (ρ = 0.82), total number of physicians (ρ =0.72), and number enrolled for higher education (ρ = 0.93). Conclusion: There appears to be much disparity among the rankings, number of researchers, reviewers and published manuscripts across various countries in Central Asia. The gross heterogeneity of Central Asia needs to be minimized by nurturing and mentoring potentially upcoming researchers in publication, peer reviewing as well as in ethics involved.
Datta, Hirock Jyoti,Mandal, Prajna,Bhattacharya, Rajat,Das, Niranjan,Sau, Subrata,Mandal, Nitai Chanda Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.2
Two lysis-defective but DNA synthesis non-defective temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mycobacteriophage L1, L1G23ts23 and L1G25ts889 were found to be defective also in phage-specific RNA synthesis in the late period of their growth at 42$^{\circ}C$each to the extent of 50% of that at 32$^{\circ}C$The double mutant, L1G23ts23G25ts889 showed the ts defect in phage RNA synthesis that was nearly additive of those shown individually by the two single-mutant parents. Both G23 and G25 were shown to start functioning sometimes between 30 and 45 min after infection but the former gene might be dispensable after 45 min, while the latter was not. Northern analysis also shows that at 42$^{\circ}C$>, L1G23ts23 affects RNA synthesis more strongly than L1G25ts889 from L1 DNA segments that serve as the template for late gene transcription. Among the 21 virion and 12 non-virion late proteins synthesized by L1, L1G23ts23 is defective in the synthesis of at least 9 virion and all of non-virion proteins at 42$^{\circ}C$>. In contrast, L1G25ts889 is completely defective in synthesis of all the 33 late proteins. Possible roles of G23 and G25 in the positive regulation of transcription of different sets of late genes of L1 have been discussed.
Khor, Wei-Boon,Prajna, Venkatesh N.,Garg, Prashant,Mehta, Jodhbir S.,Xie, Lixin,Liu, Zuguo,Padilla, Ma. Dominga B.,Joo, Choun-Ki,Inoue, Yoshitsugu,Goseyarakwong, Panida,Hu, Fung-Rong,Nishida, Kohji,Ki Elsevier 2018 American journal of ophthalmology Vol.195 No.-
<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection. A microbiological protocol standardized the processing and reporting of all isolates. Treatment of the infectious keratitis was decided by the managing ophthalmologist. Subjects were observed for up to 6 months. Main outcome measures were final visual acuity and the need for surgery during infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 6626 eyes of 6563 subjects were studied. The majority of subjects were male (n = 3992). Trauma (n = 2279, 34.7%) and contact lens wear (n = 704, 10.7%) were the commonest risk factors. Overall, bacterial keratitis was diagnosed in 2521 eyes (38.0%) and fungal keratitis in 2166 eyes (32.7%). Of the 2831 microorganisms isolated, the most common were <I>Fusarium</I> species (n = 518, 18.3%), <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> (n = 302, 10.7%), and <I>Aspergillus flavus</I> (n = 236, 8.3%). Cornea transplantation was performed in 628 eyes to manage ongoing infection, but 289 grafts (46%) had failed by the end of the study. Moderate visual impairment (Snellen vision less than 20/60) was documented in 3478 eyes (53.6%).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Demographic and risk factors for infection vary by country, but infections occur predominantly in male subjects and are frequently related to trauma. Overall, a similar percentage of bacterial and fungal infections were diagnosed in this study. Visual recovery after infectious keratitis is guarded, and corneal transplantation for active infection is associated with a high failure rate.</P>