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On Almost Pseudo Conharmonically Symmetric Manifolds
Pal, Prajjwal Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.4
The object of the present paper is to study almost pseudo conharmonically symmetric manifolds. Some geometric properties of almost pseudo conharmonically symmetric manifolds have been studied under certain curvature conditions. Finally, we give three examples of almost pseudo conharmonically symmetric manifolds.
ON GENERALIZED Z-RECURRENT MANIFOLDS
Uday Chand De,Prajjwal Pal 한국수학교육학회 2017 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.24 No.2
The object of the present paper is to study generalized Z-recurrent manifolds. Some geometric properties of generalized Z-recurrent manifolds have been studied under certain curvature conditions. Finally, we give an example of a generalized Z-recurrent manifold.
Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease
Rishika Dhapola,Sneha Kumari,Prajjwal Sharma,Dibbanti HariKrishna Reddy 한국실험동물학회 2023 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.39 No.4
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1–42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
Suh, Young Jin,Mantica, Carlo Alberto,De, Uday Chand,Pal, Prajjwal World Scientific 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMETRIC METHODS IN MODE Vol.14 No.9
<P>In this paper, we introduce a new tensor named <TEX>$ B$</TEX>-tensor which generalizes the <TEX>$ Z$</TEX>-tensor introduced by Mantica and Suh [Pseudo <TEX>$ Z$</TEX> symmetric Riemannian manifolds with harmonic curvature tensors, <I>Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys.</I><B>9</B>(1) (2012) 1250004]. Then, we study pseudo-<TEX>$ B$</TEX>-symmetric manifolds <TEX>$ (PBS)_{n}$</TEX> which generalize some known structures on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. We provide several interesting results which generalize the results of Mantica and Suh [Pseudo <TEX>$ Z$</TEX> symmetric Riemannian manifolds with harmonic curvature tensors, <I>Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys.</I><B>9</B>(1) (2012) 1250004]. At first, we prove the existence of a <TEX>$ (PBS)_{n}$</TEX>. Next, we prove that a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is <TEX>$ B$</TEX>-semisymmetric if and only if it is Ricci-semisymmetric. After this, we obtain a sufficient condition for a <TEX>$ (PBS)_{n}$</TEX> to be pseudo-Ricci symmetric in the sense of Deszcz. Also, we obtain the explicit form of the Ricci tensor in a <TEX>$ (PBS)_{n}$</TEX> if the <TEX>$ B$</TEX>-tensor is of Codazzi type. Finally, we consider conformally flat pseudo-<TEX>$ B$</TEX>-symmetric manifolds and prove that a <TEX>$ (PBS)_{n}(n > 3)$</TEX> spacetime is a <TEX>$ pp$</TEX>-wave under certain conditions.</P>