A Numerical Study on Steam Flow and Heat Transfer of Pannier-arrangement Condensers

Pingli Hou,Moazheng Yu 한국에너지학회 2005 에너지공학 Vol.14 No.2

- Pannier-arrangement condensers are usually adopted in the turbine generator units of combined cycle power plants. Optimization of operating performance and economy is an important goal, which requires accurate understanding of flow and heat transfer effects in the condenser. The tube bundle arrangement and steam flow behaviors of pannier-arrangement condensers are very different from those of common condensers. The physical model for existing numerical simulation program of condenser is refined by constructing the correlations for flow resistance and condensation heat exchange coefficient in which the influences of steam flow direction are considered according to available experimental data. The adaptability of the developed physical model and simulation program of pannier-arrangement condenser is verified with available experimental data.

Physical Model and Numerical Simulation Approach of Steam Flow and Heat Transfer of Pannier-arrangement Condensers

Pingli Hou,Maozheng Yu 한국연소학회 2004 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.-

Combustion Modeling of Single Solid Particle within Iron Ore Bed

Hou Pingli,Choi Sangmin,Yang Won 한국연소학회 2005 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.-

A Numerical Study on Steam Flow and Beat Transfer of Pannier-arrangement Condensers

Hou Pingli,Yu Maozheng The Korean Society for Energy 2005 에너지공학 Vol.14 No.2

Pannier-arrangement condensers are usually adopted in the turbine generator units of combined cycle power plants. Optimization of operating performance and economy is an important goal, which requires accurate understanding of flow and heat transfer effects in the condenser. The tube bundle arrangement and steam flow behaviors of pannier-arrangement condensers are very different from those of common condensers. The physical model for existing numerical simulation program of condenser is refined by constructing the correlations for flow resistance and condensation heat exchange coefficient in which the influences of steam flow direction are considered according to available experimental data. The adaptability of the developed physical model and simulation program of pannier-arrangement condenser is verified with available experimental data.

한중일 정원 공간과 사용자 행위 특정 비교 분석

후핑리 ( Hu Pingli ),최경란 ( Choi Kyungran ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.8

(연구배경 및 목적) 본 논문은 사용자를 중심으로 정원 공간의 정신적 기능 특성에 대한 연구로 다양한 사용자가 유사한 동아시아가 사상(유(儒), 불(佛), 도(道), 신(神)과 자연 철학 사상 포함)이 있다. 제 2장에서는 한중일 정원 공간 형태는 사용자의 지역 문화와 생활방식의 연관성을 탐구하고 공간 건축은 역사문화, 민간 신앙 및 사용자의 사회 신분 특징을 구현된다. 제3장과 제4장은 사용자의 입장과 특정한 시대의 공간 생활행위를 통해 서원(書院), 문인(文人) 정원, 가레산스이(枯山水) 정원의 공간 배치, 경관 요소, 시각적 화면과 정신적 사용 기능 등 공간형태 특성에 대해 유추분석을 통하여 사림(士林), 문인(文人), 무사의 사상과 생활 취미가 공간 정신적 기능의 사용 요소가 형성되는 것을 얻었다. 공간 형태는 사용자의 정신과 물질적 삶을 담고 있으며, 이런 사용자의 문화 특성으로 15-17세기 한중일 지역 공간의 독특한 문화를 형성하였다. 동시에 전통적인 생활공간을 비교 분석하는 목적도 사회변화에 따른 이용자의 공간형태에 대한 영향과 생활공간 욕구를 파악하기 위한 것이다. (연구방법) 서적, 문헌, 회화 자료를 바탕으로 한중일 사용자 생활과 관련된 사례 3개씩 총 9개의 공간을 선정해 사용자 유형의 정원 공간 사용 행태를 자세히 그려 분석한다. 정원 사용자의 공간 사용 유형은 사상 유형, 생활 유형, 취향 유형이다. 문헌 조사 연구는 사용자 행위, 공간 배경 연구에 사용하였다. 본 논문은 한중일 분석 연구와 고대 회화(繪畵) 자료에 대한 연구로 사용자 생활방식을 찾고, 공간 현장 조사 연구를 진행하였다. ‘유추(Analogy)’라는 인지모델과 이론을 사용해 정원공간 내 사용자와 공간유형의 유사성과 차이의 특성관계를 분석 연구한다. 유추의 주요 기능에는 이미 알고 있는 유추 내원의 개념 액세스, 이미 알고 있는 유추 내원을 목적물과 비교, 유추물 및 목적물간의 매칭 접합도 평가, 나의 액세스 유추물과 목적물간의 추론, 유추물과 목적물간의 공통성과 차별성 추출이 있다. (결과) 연구결과로 보면 사용자 사상은 서원, 문인정원, 가레산스이(枯山水) 정원 공간유형을 형성하면서 사용자의 생활습관과 풍속, 개인적 취향 등이 공간의 차이를 이루고, 또 사회환경과 구조의 변화는 사용자의 생활방식에 영향을 미치고 생활공간의 사용방법과 형태요소 특성을 변화시킨다. (결론) 유사한 사상 배경, 상이한 생활 방식과 상이한 사용자 정신적 기능에 대한 욕구에서 서원(書院), 문인(文人)정원, 가레산스이(枯山水)정원 유형의 형태가 나타났다. 본 논문이 공간 문화의 차이 특징에 대한 연구를 형성하였으며, 공간 문화 특성의 구성요소를 발생하여 공간의 정신적 기능의 디자인 구성 요소의 가상을 제출하였다. (Background and Purpose) This paper examines the spiritual functions of the user-centered garden space in Korea, China, and Japan, for users from diverse background who share similar East Asian beliefs, including Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, God, and natural philosophy. The second chapter discusses the correlation between the spatial form of gardens in these countries and the regional culture and lifestyle of users. The spatial architecture reflects the characteristics of history and culture, folk beliefs and the social identity of users. In Chapters 3 and 4, the characteristics of spatial forms such as spatial layout, landscape elements, visual images, and spiritual use functions of academy, literati garden, and dry landscape garden are analogously analyzed from the perspective of users and the spatial life behaviors of specific times, respectively. It is concluded that the thoughts and life interests of scholars, literati, and warriors form the use demand elements of spatial spiritual function. These types of gardens that were unique to Korea, China, and Japan in the 15-17th centuries, are composed of users’ ideological and cultural characteristics, and has been recognized as a world cultural heritage by the United Nations. Concurrently, the purpose of comparative analysis of traditional living spaces is also to understand the influence of users on space form and the exploration of living space demand under social changes. (Method) Based on documents, painting materials, field investigation and research, and users’ perceptions and living space as the selection criteria, three user-centered living spaces in Korea, China, and Japan were selected. Overall, nine gardens were used to analyze users’ life behaviors in the space, which can be classified into three types: the thinking type, the life type, and the interest type. The case study uses the cognitive model and theory of “Analogy” to analyze and study the relevance between the function, spatial form, and spatial concepts, and the similarity and difference of the key elements of space types in the extant Korean, Chinese, and Japanese gardens. (Results) The results show that users' beliefs form the space types of academy, literati garden, and dry landscape garden respectively, and users' living customs, personal interests, and other factors constitute the different space form. Changes in social environment and structure have an impact on users' lifestyle, and change the use methods and features of the living space. (Conclusions) Similar ideological backgrounds, different lifestyles, and diverse users’ spiritual requirements have resulted in the types of academies, literati gardens, and temple rock gardens. The different characteristics of the space types constitute the featured elements of space culture. Accordingly, the hypothesis of the design of the space spiritual function is proposed.

Optimization of formic acid hydrolysis of corn cob in xylose production

Tao Zhu,Pingli Li,Xiaowei Wang,Wandian Yang,Heying Chang,Sai Ma 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.9

Dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic material is one of the significant steps in a biorefinery. We usedresponse surface methodology to determine the important factors of formic acid concentration (2%-6% wt%), treatmenttime (30-150 min), reaction temperature (120-160 oC), and liquid to solid ratio (3-11 mL/g) on dilute acid hydrolysisof corn cob to produce xylose. A xylose yield of 81.6% and selectivity of 15.1 g/g were achieved under the optimalconditions (5% acid concentration, 150 min, 135 oC, and 7 mL/g liquid to solid ratio). The addition of trivalent salts(FeCl3, Fe(NO3)3, and Fe2(SO4)3) to the reaction system enhanced the xylose yield but decreased selectivity. The FeCl3concentration over 0.75 mol/L had a negative effect on xylose production.

Membranous Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF1R) Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

박은향,정진행,박수영,김효진,Pingli Sun,Yan Jin,조석기,김관민,이춘택 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.5

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a membrane receptor-type tyrosine kinase that has attracted considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target, although its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of IGF1R expression in human NSCLC. Methods: IGF1R protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 372 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgical resection (146 squamous cell carcinomas [SqCCs] and 226 adenocarcinomas [ADCs]). We then analyzed correlations between expression of IGF1R and clinicopathological and molecular features and prognostic significance. Results: Membranous and cytoplasmic IGF1R expression were significantly higher in SqCCs than in ADCs. In patients with SqCC, membranous IGF1R expression was associated with absence of vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion; lower stage; and better progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.586; p = .040). In patients with ADC, IGF1R expression did not have a significant prognostic value; however, in the subgroup of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant ADC, membranous IGF1R expression was associated with lymphatic and perineural invasion, solid predominant histology, and higher cancer stage and was significantly associated with worse PFS (HR, 2.582; p = .009). Conclusions: Lung ADC and SqCC showed distinct IGF1R expression profiles that demonstrated prognostic significance. High membranous IGF1R expression was predictive of poor PFS in EGFR-mutant lung ADC, while it was predictive of better PFS in SqCC. These findings will help improve study design for subsequent investigations and select patients for future anti-IGF1R therapy.

Alteration of the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex Is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Lung Adenocarcinoma

김효진,정진행,유설봉,Pingli Sun,Yan Jin,전상훈,이춘택 대한병리학회 2013 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.47 No.1

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in the invasion and progression of cancer and in the development of chemoresistance by cancer cells. Methods: To address the clinical significance of the EMT pathway in lung adenocarcinoma and the association of the pathway with histological subtype, we examined 193 surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma samples for the expression of representative EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin) by immunohistochemistry. Histological subtypes were classified according to the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. The results for EMT-related protein expression were analyzed for correlation with clinicopathological features and with survival. Results: The loss of Ecadherin expression and aberrant β-catenin expression were significantly associated with larger tumor size, pleural invasion, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and advanced pathological stage (p< 0.05). The alteration of the E-cadherin/β.catenin complex was least frequently observed in the lepidic-predominant group, but these associations were not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, altered E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor (p=0.017; hazard ratio, 1.926; 95% confidence interval, 1.119 to 3.314). Conclusions: The alteration of the expression of the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex was associated with aggressive tumor behavior in lung adenocarcinoma.

Comparison of Direct Sequencing, PNA Clamping-Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Pyrosequencing Methods for the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and the Correlation with Clinical Responses to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibit

이현주,정진행,Xianhua Xu,김효진,Yan Jin,Pingli Sun,김지은 대한병리학회 2013 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.47 No.1

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the abilities of direct sequencing (DS), peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping, and pyrosequencing methods to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples and to correlate EGFR mutational status as determined by each method with the clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods: Sixty-one NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKIs were identified to investigate somatic mutations in the EGFR gene (exons 18-21). Results: Mutations in the EGFR gene were detected in 38 of the 61 patients (62%) by DS, 35 (57%) by PNA clamping and 37 (61%) by pyrosequencing. A total of 44 mutations (72%) were found by at least one of the three methods, and the concordances among the results were relatively high (82-85%; kappa coefficient, 0.713 to 0.736). There were 15 discordant cases (25%) among the three different methods. Conclusions: All three EGFR mutation tests had good concordance rates (over 82%) for FFPE samples. These results suggest that if the DNA quality and enrichment of tumor cells are assured, then DS, PNA clamping, and pyrosequencing are appropriate methods for the detection of EGFR mutations.

Comparison of Direct Sequencing, PNA Clamping-Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Pyrosequencing Methods for the Detection of <i>EGFR</i> Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and the Correlation with Clinical Responses to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase

Lee, Hyun Ju,Xu, Xianhua,Kim, Hyojin,Jin, Yan,Sun, Pingli,Kim, Ji Eun,Chung, Jin-Haeng The Korean Society of Pathologists and The Korean 2013 KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY - Vol.47 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>The aims of this study were to evaluate the abilities of direct sequencing (DS), peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping, and pyrosequencing methods to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (<I>EGFR</I>) mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples and to correlate <I>EGFR</I> mutational status as determined by each method with the clinical response to <I>EGFR</I> tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Sixty-one NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKIs were identified to investigate somatic mutations in the <I>EGFR</I> gene (exons 18-21).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Mutations in the <I>EGFR</I> gene were detected in 38 of the 61 patients (62%) by DS, 35 (57%) by PNA clamping and 37 (61%) by pyrosequencing. A total of 44 mutations (72%) were found by at least one of the three methods, and the concordances among the results were relatively high (82-85%; kappa coefficient, 0.713 to 0.736). There were 15 discordant cases (25%) among the three different methods.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>All three <I>EGFR</I> mutation tests had good concordance rates (over 82%) for FFPE samples. These results suggest that if the DNA quality and enrichment of tumor cells are assured, then DS, PNA clamping, and pyrosequencing are appropriate methods for the detection of <I>EGFR</I> mutations.</P>