Social divisions, party support, and the changes in the Thai party system since 2001

Kai-Ping Huang,Stithorn Thananithichot 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2018 International Area Studies Review Vol.21 No.3

This article investigates the interactions of socioeconomic characteristics and electoral outcomes at the constituency level to demonstrate the change in the Thai party system since 2001. Probing the effects of the agricultural population and income inequality on electoral outcomes in the proportional representation (PR) tier, this article finds that the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) and the Democrat Party (DP) attracted voters with opposite social standings. While voters residing in the provinces with substantial agrarian populations tended to vote more for the TRT than the DP, constituencies with highly unequal income distribution were more likely to be DP supporters. The findings provide evidence against alternative explanations, including regionalism and support for a charismatic leader, for the TRT’s consecutive victories. Due to the convergence between social divisions and party support, the Thai party system has become stable and strong enough to resist short-term interventions, implying that the future electoral outcomes will likely be similar.

Trends in Soft Power in East Asia

Kai-Ping Huang,Bridget Welsh 동아시아재단 2017 Global Asia Vol.12 No.1

Still Aquamarine: China Factor and the 2020 Election Revisited

Kai-Ping Huang 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2023 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.11 No.2

The DPP's victory over the KMT in Taiwan's 2020 elections has been interpreted as a triumph for anti-China sentiment. However, the rise of political outsiders and their influence on voting behavior in this election were overlooked and underestimated. In this article, we examined different sources of data and found that supporters of these political outsiders mentioned sovereignty and cross-Strait issues less than the incumbent Tsai Ing-wen. However, when faced with the choice between Tsai and challenger Han Kuo-yu, voters who were concerned about governance chose Tsai, contributing to her winning a record number of votes. This article suggests that economic and governance issues had a considerable role in the election's result and will probably be the main focus of the 2024 presidential election. With the potential for a conflict in the Taiwan Strait increasing, anti-China sentiment is unlikely to be the deciding factor this time around.

Myanmar's 2020 election: Explaining the strong performance of the NLD and some ethnic parties

Huang Kai-Ping 동아시아연구원 2022 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.22 No.2

Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won another landslide victory in the 2020 general election. Although there was widespread dissatisfaction with the government's poor management of the economy and ethnic conflicts, as well as with the pre-electoral coordination of ethnic parties in several states, opposition and ethnic-based parties had failed to gain more seats. Previous explanations had focused on the economy, electoral system bias, weak party institutionalization, and vote splitting among ethnic parties; however, they underestimated the significance of two contextual factors: military dominance of politics and ethnic conflict. This article argues that military dominance hindered normal political development in Myanmar. The anti-military sentiment favored the NLD, which made most Bamar voters disregard the party's poor economic performance. Despite the electoral system's bias, prolonged ethnic conflicts made ethnic parties that had fought for their community's causes more likely to maintain support. These arguments are verified by survey and electoral data sets. The military nullified the 2020 election claiming that electoral fraud was to blame, but the findings indicate that it was the political environment the military created that led to the victory of the NLD and some ethnic parties in the first place.

Diagnosis on improved electrocatalytic activity of La₂Ni_0.8Cu_0.2O_4+δ electrodes towards oxygen reduction reaction

Wang, Ya-Ping,Xu, Qing,Huang, Duan-Ping,Zhao, Kai,Chen, Min,Kim, Bok-Hee Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.423 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes with different thicknesses were prepared on Ce<SUB>0.8</SUB>Sm<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>1.9</SUB> electrolyte using screen printing technique. The electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes towards oxygen reduction reaction was investigated in comparison with La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrode. To understand the electrocatalytic activity of the two electrodes, chemical states of constituent elements on the surface of La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes sintered at 920°C exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity relative to literature results of the electrodes sintered at higher temperatures (e.g. 1200°C). The Cu doping in La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> was validated to be effective in enhancing electrocatalytic activity. The electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes was found to be dependent on their thickness. Optimal electrocatalytic activity was achieved for the electrode with a thickness of 10μm, showing a polarization resistance of 0.13Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 800°C. The effects of Cu doping and electrode thickness were diagnosed with respect to contributions of involved electrode reaction steps. The results of this work underscore that the electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes is dictated by dissociative adsorption process of molecular oxygen on the surface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LNC electrodes achieved improved electrocatalytic activity than literature results. </LI> <LI> The electrocatalytic activity of LNC electrodes is higher than LN electrode. </LI> <LI> The electrocatalytic activity of LNC electrodes is dependent on thickness. </LI> <LI> The optimal electrode polarization resistance of LNC is 0.13Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 800°C. </LI> <LI> The effects of Cu doping and electrode thickness have been explained. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Survey on electrochemical properties of La_2−xSr_xNiO_4±δ (x = 0.2 and 0.8, δ > 0) cathodes related with structural stability under cathodic polarization conditions

Wang, Ya-Ping,Xu, Qing,Huang, Duan-Ping,Zhao, Kai,Chen, Min,Kim, Bok-Hee Elsevier 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In view of utilization as cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the La<SUB>2−x</SUB>Sr<SUB>x</SUB>NiO<SUB>4±δ</SUB> (x = 0.2 and 0.8, δ > 0) series of compounds were evaluated with respect to their electrical conducting, thermomechanical and electrochemical properties. On the one hand, La<SUB>1.2</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.8</SUB>NiO<SUB>4−δ</SUB> exhibits a higher electrical conductivity (>180 S cm<SUP>−1</SUP> in the temperature range 600–800 °C) and a lower electrode polarization under open-circuit voltage conditions (∼0.12 Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 800 °C) than La<SUB>1.8</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB>, together with a suitable thermal expansion coefficient (13.8 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> K<SUP>−1</SUP> averaged between 50 and 1000 °C). On the other hand, the structure and electrochemical properties of La<SUB>1.2</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.8</SUB>NiO<SUB>4−δ</SUB> electrode were obviously changed after being subjected to cathodic polarization. The cathodically polarized La<SUB>1.2</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.8</SUB>NiO<SUB>4−δ</SUB> electrode showed an aggregation of strontium oxide onto the surface, concomitant with a degradation of electrochemical properties. By contrast, the structure and electrochemical properties of La<SUB>1.8</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrode before and after cathodic polarization were basically unvaried. The disparate changes in structure and electrochemical properties of the two electrodes were interpreted in terms of their differing peculiarities in oxygen nonstoichiometry. The results of this work highlight the importance of strontium content and thereby oxygen nonstoichiometry of La<SUB>1−x</SUB>Sr<SUB>x</SUB>NiO<SUB>4±δ</SUB> electrodes to their structural stability under cathodic polarization conditions, which is a critical point to be used as cathodes in SOFCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LSN2 and LSN8 were evaluated in view of cathode utilization for IT-SOFCs. </LI> <LI> LSN8 exhibits higher electrical conductivity and catalytic activity than LSN2. </LI> <LI> Cathodically polarized LSN8 electrode undergoes structure and property changes. </LI> <LI> The structure and properties of polarized LSN2 electrode remains unchanged. </LI> <LI> The disparate behaviors of the two electrodes were interpreted. </LI> </UL> </P>

Overexpression of AtNHX1, a Vacuolar Na+/H+ Antiporter from Arabidopsis thalina, in Petunia hybrida Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance

Kai Xu,Ping Hong,Lijun Luo,Tao Xia 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.5

PlantNa+/H+ antiporter plays a critical role in plant salt tolerance. In this study, AtNHX1, a vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis thalina, was introduced into Petunia hybrida using Agrobacterium-mediated methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA gel blot analysis confirmed that AtNHX1 was successfully integrated into the P. hybrida genomes. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis indicated that AtNHX1 expressed highly in transgenic plants. It was found that the 35S::AtNHX1 transgenic P. hybrida plants showed much more resistant to high concentrations of NaCl and to water deprivation than the isogenic wild-type (WT) Petunia plants. The transgenic plants accumulated more Na+, K+, and proline in their leaf tissue than that of the WT Petunia plants and maintained high water contents and high ratio of K+/Na+. These results demonstrated that overexpression of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter conferred both salt tolerance and drought tolerance to the transgenic Petunia plants.

INVESTIGATING ANTECEDENTS OF BRAND VALUE CO-CREATION BEHAVIORS IN SOCIAL MEDIA BASED BRAND COMMUNITIES

Kai-Yu Wang,Yu-Ping Wu,Wen-Hai Chih 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11

A Cooperative Guidance Approach Based on the Finite-Time Control Theory for Hypersonic Vehicles

Kai An,Zhen-yun Guo,Wei Huang,Xiao-ping Xu 한국항공우주학회 2022 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.23 No.1

A distributed time cooperative guidance method based on the finite-time control theory is proposed to solve the salvo attack problem of multi-hypersonic vehicles in the three-dimensional space. Firstly, the second-order system is defined with the relative distance and the total leading angle as the state variables, and the finite-time controller is designed based on the multi-agent cooperative control theory for achieving the consistency of system. Novelty, taking the influence of parameters on the cooperative guidance results into account, an adaptive weight function is designed to replace the traditional constant coefficient to optimize guidance results. Then, the motion of vehicle in three-dimensional space is divided into two planes, the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) is applied in longitudinal and the lateral acceleration can be obtained via the finite-time controller and longitudinal acceleration. It is significant to establish the lateral leading angle finite-time convergence guidance law to compensate the lateral acceleration to accelerate the convergence speed. Furthermore, the biased term of terminal impact angle control is applied in PNG to achieve the terminal attack in arbitrary angle. Finally, the feasibility and robustness are verified by numerical simulations.

Effects of Supplementary Composts on Microbial Communities and Rice Productivity in Cold Water Paddy Fields

( Kai Zhi Xie ),( Pei Zhi Xu ),( Shao Hai Yang ),( Yu Sheng Lu ),( Rui Ping Jiang ),( Wen Jie Gu ),( Wen Ying Li ),( Li Li Sun ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

Cold water paddy field soils are relatively unproductive, but can be ameliorated by supplementing with inorganic fertilizer from animal waste-based composts. The yield of two rice cultivars was significantly raised by providing either chicken manure or cow dung-based compost. The application of these composts raised the soil pH as well as both the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, which improved the soil’s fertility and raised its nitrification potential. The composts had a measurable effect on the abundance of nitrogencycling- related soil microbes, as measured by estimating the copy number of various bacterial and archaeal genes using quantitative real-time PCR. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria was markedly encouraged by the application of chicken manure-based compost. Supplementation with the composts helped promote the availability of soil nitrogen in the cold water paddy field, thereby improving the soil’s productivity and increasing the yield of the rice crop.