Music and media in the Dutch East Indies: Gramophone records and radio in the late colonial era, 1903--1942

Yampolsky, Philip Bradford University of Washington 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation is intended as an ethnomusicological contribution to the history of music and media in Indonesia. It deals with topics and resources that have never been systematically examined for this region: gramophone records and radio broadcasting from the years before World War II, the last years of Dutch colonial control. The gramophone records are our only documentation of the sound of Indonesian music in the years before World War II. This dissertation tries to identify (and to some extent provide) the information one needs in order to understand the records and, by extension, stylistic trends during the pre-war period. Ultimately it is meant as an argument for the importance of making use of historical recordings and discography in ethnomusicology. The use of gramophone records from before World War II ("78s") in musicology and ethnomusicology is growing. Robert Philip has done a careful study (1992) of changes in performance practice in European art music, based on comparisons of early gramophone records with later practice; Ali Jihad Racy's dissertation (1977) is an extensive examination of the changes in Egyptian music documented in recordings; Sean Williams has a section in her 2001 book on what recordings tell about early practice of tembang Sunda; and Philip Schuyler (1984), Anne Sheeran (1997), Regula Qureshi (1999), Steven Hughes (2002), and Amanda Weidman (2006) have all looked at what Qureshi calls "gramophone culture" in reference to specific genres or categories of music in, respectively, Morocco, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and, for both Hughes and Weidman, South India. The chapters here on kroncong and on the trajectories of popular music genres (chapters 5 and 6) are studies in this vein. The other chapters, however, seek to put these genre studies into the larger context of all the music recorded for the DEI and the music broadcast on DEI radio. This is perhaps the most unusual feature of the dissertation: it draws on the results of tabulations summarizing the entire range of record production and radio broadcasting in the DEI, and it combines those results with musicological understandings of genre and idiom to study the nature, processes, and aftermath of mediatization.

Neuromodulation of decision making: Incorporating single-cell physiology in low-dimensional models

Eckhoff, Philip A Princeton University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This work examines the effects of neuromodulation upon decision-making performance in 2 alternative forced-choice tasks as well as the ability to achieve optimal performance with neuromodulation. Optimal decision-making is defined by the sequential-probability ratio test and its continuous version, the constant-drift diffusion equation. These optimal strategies may not be implemented in some situations due to imperfect task learning or physiological constraints on firing rate dynamics. Experimental data from several monkeys learning a perceptual-decision task demonstrate a gradual approach towards optimality over learning, deduced from the fact that the constant-drift diffusion equation fits the behavioral data better as training continues. A series of suboptimal, non-constant-drift diffusion equations are used to study behavior early in training, and changes in the fitted parameters give insight into the learning process. In addition to learning effects, fitting the data is challenging due to slow temporal oscillations in performance within a session, possibly caused by fluctuations in locus coeruleus (LC) firing rate and concomitant release of norepinephrine (NE). These findings motivate a series of physiologically-detailed models of neuromodulation, the first implemented in a spiking neuronal network model with physiologically-realistic synaptic currents. Different ratios of neuromodulatory effects result in different levels of robustness of behavior, and a clear region of neuromodulatory effect magnitudes maintains good decision-making performance. In addition, phasic LC response is modeled and best performance found when only glutamatergic synapses are modulated. The effect of neuromodulation on working memory is also modeled. This high-dimensional spiking model is then reduced to four- and two-population mean-field models, which are carefully derived to match the neuromodulatory effects that yield good performance in the full model. These models allow a more physiologically-accurate implementation of a speed-accuracy tradeoff with NE. In both the full spiking and reduced models, a clear balance exists between robustness and the ability to optimize performance over varying task conditions. Modulation of excitatory glutamatergic synapses is more important in optimizing decision-making performance, since it provides greater leverage to achieve rapid decisions than balanced modulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The optimal strategy in a given neural system should exhibit enough comodulation of excitation and inhibition to be robust to small fluctuations in NE concentrations, but enough dominance of excitation to allow acceleration of decision dynamics, provided that the phasic LC response is not disrupted. These models provide a link between cellular level effects and cognitive behavior, and future experiments to define this mapping in both directions are proposed.

William Gibbs McAdoo: The last Progressive, (1863--1941)

Chase, Philip M University of Southern California 2008 해외공개박사

This dissertation is a biography of William Gibbs McAdoo, one of the most important American political leaders in the 20th century, but one of the least known, despite a set of achievements that greatly affected the American polity at the time they occurred, and have continued to generate effects in the following generations. McAdoo was born in Georgia in 1863, moved to Tennessee in the 1870s, and began a business career before moving to New York in 1892. There he achieved notoriety and plaudits for organizing the construction of subway tunnels between New York and New Jersey. Against the opposition of entrenched interests in the railroad industry, as well as the political opposition of Tammany Hall, McAdoo managed to create a system that, within a decade of its completion, was carrying 100 million passengers a year. In 1909, McAdoo met Princeton president Woodrow Wilson, and soon joined the faction promoting Wilson for President. When Wilson was about to concede the 1912 nomination after being informed he had too few votes to survive, McAdoo made a dramatic telephone call to the New Jersey governor and convinced Wilson to stay in the race After Wilson's victory, McAdoo was named Secretary of the Treasury, and his achievements there led many contemporaries to declare him "the best Treasury Secretary since Hamilton.". A brief summary of McAdoo's accomplishments in the Cabinet include: a key role in the creation of the Federal Reserve system, and later its survival; saving the US banking system after the World War began; starting the Federal Farm Loan Board, running the railroads in 1918-19; and selling $17 billion of war bonds, ten times the expected revenue. Most research on McAdoo stops in 1918, but his later years were also crowded with notable contributions to the Progressive movement, and later, the New Deal. In 1920 and 1924, McAdoo was the favorite to become the Democratic nominee for President, but external events and internal character traits kept him out of that role. In the later 1920s, after moving to California, McAdoo became the most vocal proponent of Prohibition nationwide, and was considered the political heir to William Jennings Bryan (as well as Wilson). In the 1930s, McAdoo led the California Democratic Party, and once again changed history when his 1932 convention speech saved the nomination of Franklin Roosevelt. McAdoo was elected Senator, and supported the New Deal assiduously, especially with his own proposal for banking safety, the FDIC. In 1938, he lost his Senate race, and became the chair of the American President Lines, a moribund shipping company that soon became prosperous. This work is the first biography of McAdoo that examines his entire career. It also addresses historiographical issues such as the fractured nature of Progressivism and the American political development from Wilson to FDR. In addition, I will show how McAdoo's personal life was integral to his public decision-making, and how his background as a Southerner and an idealist had lasting effects on the man and his times.

라킨 시에 나타난 '뮤즈로서의 여성'과 '유한한 사랑'의 모티프

윤현정 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2009 국내석사

This thesis aims to analyze Philip Larkin’s poems with focusing on the motifs of woman, love, and sex. Since the publication of Selected Letters of Philip Larkin and Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life, the negative responses to his poems have been widespread among critics and readers. However, this thesis will suggest a positive perspective free from the critical views on him and his poems. As he takes up a solitary stance in many poems, Larkin adhered to a solitary life as a man unmarried for his creative writing. He remained single, asserting that solitude triggers his creation. He was, however, involved with many women and indulged in sex which, he believed, stimulated his creative power of writing poems. Such contradictory life of his which never seemed to be compatible caused him to suffer inner conflicts. However, his eager desire for an ideal lover as a muse of poems was latent in his conflicting attitudes towards woman. Thus it is argued that his intense aspiration and endless chase after the ideal lover became a practical motive for his writing although any of his real lovers was not matching his ideal woman. Considering his poetics that one of his reasons for writing is to rescue experiences from being forgotten in time, it can be suggested that his poems embody his inner conflicts and inconsistent attitudes towards woman and love caused by the inconsistency between his mundane life and his writing. In the end, all his lovers can be understood as poetic muses to fulfill his ardent wishes and passions for true love and as an indispensable source of his creative writing. Nevertheless, Larkin failed in meeting his ideal woman who might give him a poetic inspiration. He observed the destructive power of time as a main cause of his failure. Preoccupied with fear of eternal extinction, he was constantly aware of the passage of time, which is another recurrent subject in his work. In his poems, time is represented as the inexorable servant of decay and death which destroys us and corrodes any meaning we attach to our lives. With endlessly bringing on changes on earth, it also breaks our stupid belief that we can decide everything out of our own will. In this cruel reality under changeable time and limited life, our expectation of everlasting love turns into disappointment because love is subject to time, and thus cannot be immortal at all. However, such disappointment was both a part of precious experiences and a motive for him to devote himself to his writing as he believed his experiences could be preserved in his poems. In summary, Larkin was a poet who tried to honestly record his own experiences without inflated feelings or rhetoric. In other words, for him, poetry is a way of being honest and nearer to his true feelings. Therefore his attachment to woman and sex, eager desire for everlasting love, and consequent disappointment were a main source of his writing because they imply his true feelings. In consequence, it can be concluded that woman, love, and sex form not only the essential and prominent motifs of his poems but important factors controlling his personal life.

Philip Larkin 의 詩 : 主題와 語調

김현주 韓國外國語大學校 1991 국내석사

(The) role of Municipal Councils on Paralympics sports development and its impacts on Sustainable Development in Cameroon

Apai, Oben Philip 서울대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

Abstract The role of Municipal Councils on Paralympics sports development and its impacts on Sustainable Development in Cameroon OBEN Philip Apai Global Sport Management, Department of Physical Education The Graduate School Seoul National University The right to the practice of physical activity and sports is a fundamental Human Right since human creation. The Paralympics sports has the immense build-in virtues notably courage, determination, equality and inspiration. These values remain universal, least costs yet uphold high impacts, and which would hardly be harnessed by any other normative activity away from Para sports. Para sport development in any context inevitably relies on the extent of the dynamism of the actors involves precisely local authorities, central governments, and other development partners. In Cameroon, an assessment of its legal framework would reveal that the decentralization laws were passed in 2004 and 2018 with local development and governance as key thrust The title of my research is the role of Municipal Councils (MCs) on Paralympics sports development and its impacts on sustainable development (SD) in Cameroon. My key aim is to inform on the active role/contributions of MCs on the development of Para sports in the domains of policies, organizational set up, human resources development strategies, ownership and management of Para sports facilities, budget allocation for Para sports development, and the organization of Para sports and other competitions during the period 2016 and 2018 in Cameroon I claim that the process of Para sports development in Cameroon like elsewhere depends on policies, institutional frameworks, available and equipped human resources, and financial readiness to enable all stakeholders to fully initiate and implement Para sports development initiatives. Academic literature reveal that sports in Cameroon is faced with a plurality of technological, socio-economic, cultural, and especially Government-led influences with priority often given to football (Joanne & John, 2017). However, in order to optimize the gains from sports development, the UN adopted Resolution A/RES/70/1 in 2015 for member states, known as 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda 2030 as blueprint to improve on the quality of human life globally It is with the above considerations, the growing interests in Para sports as a vehicle for the SD of the Cameroonian sports industry, and the fact that Governments in recent years can no longer single and even-handedly provide everything for sports development in its diversity and scope (Holly Collison…et al, 2019), that I shall focus on the role of MCs on the development of Para sports and its impacts on sustainable development in Cameroon during the period 2016 to 2018 In order to attain the above-mentioned objective, I considered two (2) MCs; Yaoundé VI (big), and Efoulan Yaoundé III (small yet sensitive MC) for my data collection and analyses. Equally, to facilitate the understanding and evolution of my study, it shall be presented in five chapters as follows: chapter one shall treat the introduction, chapter two- literature review, chapter three-methods I used for data collection and analyses, chapter four- results, and chapter five- discussions and recommendation As a research procedure, I stated with data collection from my literature review, the administration of questions to both MCs, and documents from the libraries of the Universities of Yaoundé 1&11, Buea, and Seoul National Universities. I targeted a total population of fifty (50) participants but effectively got data from forty (40) participants. Twelve (12) semi-structured and twenty eight (28) structured questions in total were administered. In order to facilitate the process of data collection, my questions were focused on themes such as MCs policies, budget allocation, organization of competitions, ownership and management of sports facilities, athletes and staff transition, and stereotypes By and large, the socio-political, and security situations in Cameroon prohibited public gatherings, and retarded my data collection schedule. The following conclusions were arrived at the end of my study: that MCs need effective policies in order to foster Para sports development; that MCs need to own and manage sports facilities to ease the practice and learning of PE and sports for all; that there is readiness and willing by MCs to promote sustainable development; that there is need for human resource development; that there is need for an inter alia between the NPC, UCCC, International Union of Local Authorities, other MCs in Cameroon and abroad for engage the process of SD, and facilitate benefits of Para sports by 2030 in Cameroon. It was deduced from data collected that a Disability Advisory Committee (DAC) be created in each MCs to serve as the technical organ, and that a chairperson of DAC be co-opted as a member of the UCCC, that a Solidarity Fund for the development of Para sports be created by the 360 MCs in Cameroon. This fund should be managed and be accountable for by the chairperson of DAC during the General Assembly meetings of the UCCC and also that each MC should create and/or rehabilitate a permanent space, and facilities for the practice of PE, leisure and recreation for all at affordable costs Keywords: Sustainable Development, Paralympics Sports, Municipal Councils 국문초록 신체활동과 완성의 실천권(스포츠)은 인간이 창조된 이래의 기본적 인권이다. 패럴림픽 스포츠는 특히 용기, 결단력, 평등, 영감을 보편적으로 유지시키고 최소의 비용으로 높은 영향력을 행사한다. 장애인스포츠 개발은 불가피하게 정책의호의성 정도와 지방당국, 중앙정부 및 다른 개발파트너들의 역동성에 의존한다. 카메룬에서의 법적프레임 워크의 평가는 2004년과 2018년에 통과되고 지방개발과 통치가 그들의 핵심추진력이라는 지방분권법을 밝히게되었다. 본 연구의 제목은 패럴림픽 스포츠발전에 대한시의회(MC)의 역할과 카메룬의 지속가능한 개발(SD)에 미치는 영향이다. 본연구의 목표는 카메룬에서 2016-18년 기간 동안의 정책, 조직구성, 인적자원개발전략, 장애인스포츠시설 소유 및 관리, 장애인스포츠 개발 예산할당, 장애인스포츠 및 기타경기 조직 등을 탐구함으로써 장애인스포츠발전에 대한 MC들의 역할 및 공헌을 알리는것이다. 본 연구는 카메룬에서의 장애인스포츠 개발과정은 정책, 제도적틀, 인적자원, 그리고 모든 이해당사자들이 장애인스포츠 개발을 완전히 실행할 수 있는 재정준비상태에 달려있다고 주장한다. 기존 연구에 따르면 카메룬의 스포츠는 기술, 사회-경제, 문화, 특히 정부의 주도적 영향과 종종 축구에 주어지는 우선 순위의 다수에 직면해있다(Joanne Clarke & John Ojo, 2017). 이것이 유엔기구가 2015년 회원국들에 대한 결의안 A/RES/70/1을 채택하고, 세계적으로 인간 삶의 질을 개선하기 위한 청사진으로 17개의 SDG (Sustainable Développent Goals) Agenda 2030을 채택한 이유를 설명한다(UN, 2018) 상기 고려사항을 기반으로 장애인 스포츠에 대한 관심이 커지고 있으며, 최근 몇년 동안 정부가 더 이상 그 다양성과 범위에서 스포츠 발전을 위한 모든 것을 단일적이고 공평하게 제공할 수 없다는 사실을 인지하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 카메룬 스포츠 산업의 지속가능한 개발을 위한 수단으로서 2016, 2018년 기간 동안 장애인 스포츠의 개발에 대한 시의회들의 역할과 카메룬의 지속가능한 발전에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞추었다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 목표를 달성하기 위하여 제1장에서는 서론, 제2장 문헌검토, 제3장 방법론, 제4장 결과, 제5장 논의와 제안으로구성하였다. 연구는 다음과 같은 데이터 수집과 분석으로 진행했다. 대상으로 두 시의회를 고려했으며 첫번째는 Yaoundé VI Etoug-Ebe, 두번째는 Yaoundé III Efoulan으로 선택하였다. 연구방법으로 자료수집은 문헌검토, 설문 및 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 총 50명의 응답자를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였고, 총 40명의 응답을 데이터를 이용하였으며 온라인 인터뷰는 총 12명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 데이터 수집의 과정을 용이하게 하기위해, 설문지는 시의회 정책, 예산할당, 경기조직, 스포츠시설의 소유와관리, 운동선수와 직원의 전환, 고정관념과 같은 주제들에 초점을 맞추었다. 수집된 데이터 분석 결과는 다음과같다: 시의회들은 장애인스포츠 개발을 촉진하기 위해 효과적인 정책이 필요하고, 스포츠교육과 스포츠의 실천과 학습을 용이하게 하기 위한 스포츠시설을 소유하고 관리할 필요가 있으며, 인적자원의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한시의회들은이와같은지속가능한개발을촉진할준비가되어있고의지가있으며, 2030년까지지속가능한개발의이점을충분히얻기위해 NPC, UCCC, 국제지방당국연합, 카메룬의다른시의회,그리고해외사이에상호연계가필요하다고나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 각 시의회에 장애자문위원회(DAC)를 조직하고, 위원장은 UCCC 위원으로 공동활동을 할 것으로 제안한다. 또한 장애인 스포츠 발전을 위한 기금은 총회중 DAC 위원장이 만들고, 관리하고, 책임지고 UCCC와 각 시의회는 스포츠교육, 레저, 레크리에이션의 실천을위한 시설을 저렴한 비용으로 조성 및 재활용해야할 것을 제안한다. 주요어: 지속가능한개발, 패럴림픽스포츠, 시의회

The Analysis and Synthesis of Reliable Networks

Philips, Thomas Kanianthra University Microfilms International 1988 해외석사

The Efficacy of TOEIC Preparation and the Use of Practice TOEICs: A Native English Speaker’s Perspective : 원어민 관점으로 보는 토익 대비와 모의 토익의 효용성

Philip Pedersen 우송대학교 2014 국내석사

Despite the abundance of published research questioning the validity of the TOEIC and suggestions that its continued administration may actually impact negatively on students’ ability to learn to communicate effectively in English, it remains the most widely recognized qualification in communicative English in South Korea. Courses in TOEIC instruction thus remain a key element of English education in this country. With the recent inclusion of native English-speaking teachers into TOEIC preparation programs at the expense of conversational English courses at certain universities, it becomes even more important to address the question: Is TOEIC preparation likely to result in any statistically significant improvement in candidates’ scores? Previous research has suggested that it is, but few, if any of these studies had compared the gains made by an experimental group to a control group comprising of students receiving only communicative English instruction by NES teachers. A study was thus conducted comprising of over 1800 freshmen and sophomore students in experimental and control groups. Student’s t-test was employed to analyze the pre and post mock TOEIC test scores collected from university archives. The results however, showed an unexpected mean decrease for both groups leading me to question the reliability of the mock TOEICs that had been administered. An analysis of further pre and post-tests results taken over a two year period using three sets of paired t-tests revealed statistically significant fluctuations of the mean listening scores. After further research, the most likely cause for this was determined to be the unreliability of the mock TOICs provided to the university where the study was conducted.

Creating the Optimum EFL Physical Classroom Environment

Philip B. G. Waslin 우송대학교 TESOL-MALL대학원 2012 국내석사

The purpose of this research was to collect and present data describing the perceptions of 40 sophomore Korean students and 40 EFL foreign teachers who use one teaching building at a large private university in South Korea regarding the physical classroom environment. Surveys were completed by these respondents, and having quantified this data it was extrapolated to identify the salient interactive factors in the hope of better informing Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) practice in Korean universities and to offer suggestions for creating the optimum physical learning/teaching environment. These procedures are in adherence with the Korean Ministry of Education's directives towards the implementation of a more communicative and fluent approach. Gender variables and student/teacher differentials were also examined. In the results, both students and teachers indicated an average to high (4-5 on a seven-step Likert scale) in their evaluation of the physical classroom environment, but highlighted a myriad number of problematic areas most notably in the coding categories of classroom furniture and classroom equipment. The gender differences between the respondents were found to be negligible. There were, however, significant differences between the student and teacher responses pertaining to the coding categories in the ranking aspects of the environment (item 41). Students rated the location and ambient features significantly higher than teachers, and conversely, teachers rated classroom equipment and classroom furniture significantly higher than students. These results were discussed and examined, and subsequently, recommendations and conclusions were made in order to create an optimum physical classroom environment

A sociolinguistic perspective on english neological processes

Philips, Jean McCabe U.M.I. 1982 해외박사