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Patterson, R.,Heo, J.M.,Wickramasuriya, S.S.,Yi, Y.J.,Nyachoti, C.M. Elsevier 2019 Animal feed science and technology Vol.254 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A study was conducted to investigate the effect of a nucleotide rich yeast extract (NRYE) on the growth performance and the colibacillosis of weaned pigs. In Experiment. 1, a total of 168 mixed-sex piglets weaned at 17 ± 2 days of age were fed diets formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements for 28 days. Diets consisted of i) Positive control (PC) containing antibiotics (110 mg/kg of chlortetracycline HCl and 31.2 mg/kg of tiamulin), ii) Negative control (NC) without antibiotics, iii) NC with the addition of 1 g/kg of NRYE (NRYE1), and iv) 2 g/kg of NRYE (NRYE2). No differences (<I>P</I> > 0.10) were found among treatments for average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), whilst pigs fed NRYE1 weighed more (<I>P</I> < 0.05) than those fed NC on day 28. Pigs fed the NRYE2 diet had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the NC diet from day 7 to 14. No differences (<I>P</I> > 0.10) were observed in ADFI among dietary treatments. In Experiment 2, a total of 144 barrows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments groups to give 6 replicates (6 pigs per pen) per group. Four treatment diets were similar to previous experiment. Pigs in PC fed a control diet without NYRE supplementation and also did not received an oral challenge. PC treatment was housed in a separate room within the same facility with a similar environment. Pigs in NC, NRYE1 and NRYE2 were fed the non-medicated control diet with 0g/kg, 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg NYRE, respectively and were orally challenged with enterotoxigenic <I>Escherichia coli</I> K88+ (ETEC) after the 3 days of weaning. From day 3 to 28 post-challenge, pigs fed diets NRYE1 or NRYE2 had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) ADG compared with those fed a NC diet. Average daily feed intake and FCR were not affected by dietary treatment throughout the study. Challenged pigs consuming NRYE1 or NRYE2 diets had less (<I>P</I> < 0.05) diarrhea compared with those fed NC diet. The mortality due to coliform infection tended to be higher (<I>P</I> < 0.10) in the challenged NC and NRYE2 pigs compared with PC and NRYE1 pigs. In conclusion, diets supplemented with NRYE enhanced BW, ADG and ADFI of weaned pigs and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in ETEC challenged pigs suggesting that NRYE could be effective in controlling post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which could represent a major economic advantage to the swine industry.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract enhanced growth performance of newly-weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract reduced colibacillosis along with the incidence of diarrhea. </LI> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract represented a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for swine. </LI> </UL> </P>
Patterson Kristen M.,Vajdic Tyler G.,Martinez Gustavo J.,Feller Axel G.,Reynolds Joseph M. 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.5
Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses (GWI) encompasses a broad range of unexplained symptomology specific to Veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is prominent in veterans with GWI and often presents as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Neurotoxins, including organophosphorus pesticides and sarin gas, are believed to have contributed to the development of GWI, at least in a subset of Veterans. However, the effects of such agents have not been extensively studied for their potential impact to GI disorders and immunological stability. Here we utilized an established murine model of GWI to investigate deleterious effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) exposure on the mucosal epithelium in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, acute DFP exposure negatively impacts the mucosal epithelium by reducing tight junction proteins and antimicrobial peptides as well as altering intestinal microbiome composition. Furthermore, DFP treatment reduced the expression of IL-17 in the colonic epithelium. Conversely, both IL-17 and IL-17C treatment could combat the negative effects of DFP and other cholinesterase inhibitors in murine intestinal organoid cells. Our findings demonstrate that acute exposure to DFP can result in rapid deterioration of mechanisms protecting the GI tract from disease. These results are relevant to suspected GWI exposures and could help explain the propensity for GI disorders in GWI Veterans.
Patterson, Wayne. 在外韓人學會 1993 在外韓人硏究 Vol.3 No.1
요약하면 두 세대간의 일반적 갈등은 한국인 2세들이 너무 급진적이고 미국인화된 데에 있으며, 이것은 중국인이나 일본인보다더 급진적인 그들의 부모인 이민 1세들이 그들을 그렇게 급진적이게 하는데 큰 역할을 한것이다. 세대간의 가치의 전이를 생각하면, 상대적으로 급진적인 이민 1세대가 상대적으로 더 급진적인 이민 2세대를 양성한 것이된다
IMMIGRATION AND IMPERIALISM: A NEW LOOK AT THE JAPANESE TAKEOVER OF KOREA
WAYNE PATTERSON 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2011 Acta Koreana Vol.14 No.1
While Japan’s perceptions of a security threat was the paramount reason for its takeover of Korea, a second reason surfaced that linked Korean emigration to Hawaii with a threat to Japan’s prestige as a leading nation in the world. Needing to prevent enactment of a Japanese Exclusion Act by the United States, the Japanese Foreign Office undertook to bring that emigration to a halt. Skillfully using missteps by the Korean government, Japan was able both to hide their ulterior motives from the United States and make it easier to absorb Korea’s diplomatic functions abroad, resulting in the establishment of the Protectorate in 1905.While Japan’s perceptions of a security threat was the aramount reason for its takeover of Korea, a second reason surfaced that linked Korean emigration to Hawaii with a threat to Japan’s prestige as a leading nation in the world. Needing to prevent enactment of a Japanese Exclusion Act by the United States, the Japanese Foreign Office undertook to bring that emigration to a halt. Skillfully using missteps by the Korean government, Japan was able both to hide their ulterior motives from the United States and make it easier to absorb Korea’s diplomatic functions abroad, resulting in the establishment of the Protectorate in 1905.
Diplomacy, trade, and South Korea’s rise to international influence
Dennis Patterson,최장섭 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2018 International Area Studies Review Vol.21 No.1
The story of South Korea’s post-armistice economic ascendance has been well documented, but its parallel rise as an influential international actor is just beginning to receive the scholarly attention it deserves. Moreover, in the work that has been produced thus far, scholars have assumed that it was its remarkable economic growth that drove South Korea’s rise to international influence. This assumption misses the important fact that South Korea was elevating itself internationally while it was still a poor nation. As we demonstrate in this paper, what is missing in existing work is that it was the diplomatic efforts of South Korean presidents early in the post-armistice period that put the country on the path to its current international influence both directly and indirectly. They did this directly by removing it from the diplomatic isolation it inherited after the Korean War, and they accomplished this indirectly by using the tools of diplomacy to expand South Korea’s trading relations, without which it would not have enjoyed the remarkable economic growth it experienced.