Antioxidant, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activity of Frozen Fruits

Patricia D.S. Spada,Gabrielle Gianna Nunes de Souza,Giovana Vera Bortolini,Joao A.P. Henriques,Mirian Salvador 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Many studies have focused on the effect of fresh fruits on the risk of developing cancer and other diseases in-volved with reactive species and free radicals. The intake of frozen fruits has spread widely in the last years, but, until now,their biological activity is not completely known. In this study, 23 samples of frozen fruits were analyzed for their nutritionalcomposition, total polyphenols, total carotenoids, and vitamin C content. Antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic effectswere also evaluated. Antioxidant assays included 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.) scavenging activity and de-termination of superoxide dismutase (SOD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Mutagenic and antimutagenic evaluations wereperformed in eukaryotic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Most samples (74%) showed antioxidant activity similar tovitamin C in the DPPH.assay, and this activity was positively correlated (r. 0.366; P. .01) with carotenoid contents. Allsamples showed CAT-like activity. SOD-like activity was detected in 56% of samples assayed. Only four fruits (acai, cashewapple, kiwi fruit, and strawberry) showed mutagenic activity when tested in high (5%, 10%, and 15% [wt/vol]) concentra-tions. Twelve samples presented antimutagenic effects against hydrogen peroxide, and this effect was positively correlatedwith CAT-like activity (r. 0.400; P. .01). Evaluation of polyphenols, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid showed considerablelevels of these compounds in frozen fruits, even after freezing. These data suggest that frozen fruits contribute to the pre-vention of biological damages.

Frozen Fruit Pulp of Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Acai) Prevents Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage in the Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum, and Hippocampus of Rats

Patricia D.S. Spada,Caroline Dani,Giovana V. Bortolini,Claudia Funchal,João A.P. Henriques,Mirian Salvador 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.5

Oxidative stress is implicated in several human illnesses, including neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Acai is largely consumed in Brazil and contains high levels of antioxidant compounds. This work aims to study the antioxidant activity of acai frozen fruit pulp in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats treated with the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Pretreatment of tissue with acai decreased H2O2-induced damage of both lipids and proteins in all tissues tested. This fruit was also able to reduce the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase to basal levels. We observed a negative correlation between the polyphenol content of acai and the levels of lipid (r=−0.689; P≤.05) and protein damage (r=−0.569; P≤.05), suggesting the participation of polyphenols in the observed antioxidant activity. These data suggest that acai has a positive contribution in the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Sources of Variability in Children's Problem Solving

Patricia D. Stokes,Danielle Holtz,Tracey Massel,Alison Carlis,Jessica Eisenberg 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.2

Variability is defined as the number of different ways in which something is done. Adaptive variability reflects varying in correct ways; error variability, in incorrect ways. This study examined two sources of variability in children’s problem solving: age and reinforcement. First, third, and fifth graders at a suburban, public elementary school played a computer maze game with increasing variability requirements. Baseline variability levels were higher in fifth- than in first-graders. These differences disappeared when variability was required. Error scores increased with variability requirements, but were higher in first- than in third- or fifth-graders. Older students used more efficient strategies than younger ones. Students with high variability and low error scores shared response patterns and strategies, regardless of grade. Pedagogical implications of age and reinforcement effects are discussed.

Using a Creativity Model to Solve The Place-value Problem in Kindergarten

Patricia D. Stokes 대한사고개발학회 2014 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.24 No.2

A creativity model based on paired constraints was used to solve a core problem in early American math education, place-value. To create the solution, one set of constraints precluded specific elements in existing math curricula. The other promoted substitutes, including an explicit base-10 count and a single manipulative, a count-and-combine chart that visually represented the base-10 decimal system and promoted highly-focused practice in combining tens and ones in single- and double-digit addition and subtraction. The new curriculum was piloted for the entire school year. At pre-test, there were no differences between children in the pilot and control (regular curriculum) groups. At post-test, the pilot group outperformed the control not only on place-value, but also on single- and double-digit addition and subtraction, and number line estimation. The evidence suggests that creativity models can make significant contributions to solving problems in early education.

SCIS 初等科學 生物單元의 Feedback

Ness, Patricia D. 춘천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1977 과학교육연구 Vol.4 No.-

A central role for PBP2 in the activation of peptidoglycan polymerization by the bacterial cell elongation machinery

Rohs, Patricia D. A.,Buss, Jackson,Sim, Sue I.,Squyres, Georgia R.,Srisuknimit, Veerasak,Smith, Mandy,Cho, Hongbaek,Sjodt, Megan,Kruse, Andrew C.,Garner, Ethan C.,Walker, Suzanne,Kahne, Daniel E.,Bern Public Library of Science 2018 PLoS genetics Vol.14 No.10

<▼1><P>Cell elongation in rod-shaped bacteria is mediated by the Rod system, a conserved morphogenic complex that spatially controls cell wall assembly by the glycan polymerase RodA and crosslinking enzyme PBP2. Using <I>Escherichia coli</I> as a model system, we identified a PBP2 variant that promotes Rod system function when essential accessory components of the machinery are inactivated. This PBP2 variant hyperactivates cell wall synthesis in vivo and stimulates the activity of RodA-PBP2 complexes in vitro. Cells with the activated synthase also exhibited enhanced polymerization of the actin-like MreB component of the Rod system. Our results define an activation pathway governing Rod system function in which PBP2 conformation plays a central role in stimulating both glycan polymerization by its partner RodA and the formation of cytoskeletal filaments of MreB to orient cell wall assembly. In light of these results, previously isolated mutations that activate cytokinesis suggest that an analogous pathway may also control cell wall synthesis by the division machinery.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>The cell wall of bacteria determines their shape and protects them from osmotic lysis. Two enzymatic activities are required for cell wall synthesis: glycan polymerization and crosslinking. A major new family of glycan polymerases was recently discovered and was proposed to work in complex with crosslinking enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). How the activities of these enzymes are coordinated to prevent the toxic generation of uncrosslinked glycans has remained unknown. Our analysis of the cell elongation system of <I>Escherichia coli</I> has revealed that this coupling is mediated by changes in the PBP that activate glycan chain synthesis by the polymerase. Furthermore, we present genetic evidence that this activation event is mediated by a component of the elongation machinery with a previously unknown function. Discovery of this activation pathway provides new mechanistic insight into the cell wall biogenesis process and identifies a new avenue to disrupt it for antibiotic development.</P></▼2>

Adsorption of Three Chlorinated Herbicides on Two Activated Carbons: An Example of the Effect of Surface Charge, Pore Diameter and Molecular Size on the Adsorption Process

Laurella Sergio L.,Pila Matías N.,Colasurdo Diego D.,Simonetti Sandra I.,Dodero Gabriela A.,Allegretti Patricia E.,Ruiz Danila L. 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.61 No.1

Two carbonaceous adsorbents CAT and CARBOPAL were tested for reducing the concentration of the three herbicides in water: 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), TCP (2,4,6-trichlorophenol) and metolachlor. Textural and chemical characterization of the adsorbents include nitrogen isotherms, FTIR, titration and thermogravimetric analyses. Adsorption was studied in discontinuous adsorption experiments at different pH values. The experimental adsorption isotherms data were fitted to four theoretical models. Adsorbent characterization reveals that CAT has higher micropore area, lower pore diameter and lower acidity than CARBOPAL. The adsorption is a second-order process and the isotherms best fitted to Sips model. The efficiency of the process depends mainly on the charge of the adsorbate for TCP and 2,4-D, but it depends on the charge of the surface for metolachlor. Adsorption capacity is higher on CAT for 2,4-D and TCP (small molecules), and it is higher on CARBOPAL for metolachlor (large molecules). Theoretical calculations clearly support this assumption.

Identification and sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of bovine Theileria isolates from Korea and Japan

채준석,박진호,권오덕,이주묵,Chae, Joon-seok,Park, Jin-ho,Kwon, Oh-deog,Waghela, Suryakant D.,Holman, Patricia J.,Wagner, Gerald G.,Lee, Joo-mook The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1998 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

한국과 일본의 서로 다른 지역으로부터 소의 Theileria 분리주에 있어서 6가지 type(A부터 E 그리고 H)과 subtype(B1)의 small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSUrRNA) 유전자를 밝혔다. 이들 유전자 염기서열을 비교하여 본 바 염기서열의 위치 212~231, 261~270 그리고 632~690으로 3군데의 hypervariable region이 관찰되었다. SSUrRNA 유전자 염기서열 type A는 한국의 전북 분리주(KCB), 충남 분리주(KCN), 제주 분리주(KCJ)그리고 실험실 보관주(KLS)와 일본의 Shintoku 분리주(JHS)인 5개의 분리주에서 나타났으며, 이 염기서열은 Kenya의 Marula 분리주인 Theileria buffeli의 SSUrRNA 유전자(GenBank accession number Z15106)와 일치하였다. 한국의 경북 분리주(KKB)에서는 type B만이 관찰되었으나 그 외의 분리주에서는 2 type 이상의 유전자 염기서열이 관찰되었다. KCB와 JHS 분리주에서는 type A와 B, 강원 분리주(KKW)에서는 type B와 H, KCN 분리 주에서는 type A, C 및 D 그리고 KCJ 분리주에서는 type A, B, E 및 subtype B1이 관찰되었다. 한국과 일본 소의 Theileria 분리주에 있어서 여러 type의 SSUrRNA 유전자 염기서열이 나타나는 것으로 보아 혼함감염이 되어 있는 것으로 판단된다. Six different sequences types(A through E and H) and a subtype(Bl) of the small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSUrRNA) gene were found in bovine Theileria isolates from different areas of Korea and Japan. The sequences were aligned and three hypervariable regions were observed in the nucleotide position ranges 212~231, 261~270 and 632~690. Five of the Theileria isolates yielded sequence type A; these were the field isolates KCB, KCN, and KCJ, and the laboratory stock KLS, all from Korea, and a single isolate from Japan (JHS). This sequence type is identical to the SSUrRNA gene sequence listed for Theileria buffeli (GenBank Accession No. Z15106) from Marula, Kenya. The Korean field isolate KKB yielded only a single sequence type (B), but multiple sequence types were found in some isolates. For example, KCB and JHS isolates yielded both types A and B ; isolate KKW showed types B and H; isolate KCN showed types A, C, and D ; and isolate KCJ showed types A, B, E, and a subtype B1. Finding of the multiple sequences SSUrRNA gene sequences suggests that bovine Theileria isolates from both Korea and Japan may consist of mixed populations.

Exploring Secondary Science Teacher Preparation Program and Suggesting its Development Direction: A Case of USA and Korea

박영신,이기영,Patricia D. Morrell,Adele Schepige 한국지구과학회 2017 한국지구과학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Teacher quality is a topic of international concern, as it impacts student learning and teacher preparation. This study compared the undergraduate secondary science teacher preparation programs from two universities in Korea with those of Oregon, USA. We examined the programs’ structural curricular coherence, conceptual curricular coherence, and curricular balance. Structural curricular coherence was determined by examining the overarching goals of the institutions’ programs, the organization of the programs of study in terms of meeting those goals, and outside bodies of evidence. All universities were in structural coherence for various reasons. Conceptual curricular coherence was determined by examining students’ perceptions of the connection between their preparation and their clinical practice. In case of Korea, most students from both universities were not satisfied with their practical preparation. In the US, the students from both institutions felt well prepared to transition to inservice teaching. To determine curricular balance, we examined the institutions’ preparation programs looking at the credit hours taken in the four main areas of the teacher knowledge base: GPK (General Pedagogical Knowledge), SMK (Subject Matter Knowledge), PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), and CK (Contextual Knowledge). The total credit hours taken in each category was very similar by country but the application and field component in the USA was far greater than those of Korea where the focus was heavily on SMK and PCK. The main reason for these may be the nations’ licensing and employment processes.

개에서의 피부, 피부조직학, 임상병리학 및 갑상선 기능에 있어서 지방산 농도에 관한 규정식 중 다양한 단백질들의 제반 영향(6)

White Stephen D.,Rosychuk Rod A.W.,Scott Kathryn V.,Carey Daniel P.,Longardner Curtis,Schultheiss Patricia C.,Salman Mowafak 대한수의사회 1997 대한수의사회지 Vol.33 No.1

12마리의 개들을 12주동안 6종류의 규정식으로 각각 급여시켰다. 규정식들은 단지 단백질원 즉 닭고기, 새끼양의 고기, 물고기, 쇠고기 및 콩이란 것에서만 차이가 있었다. 개들은 CBC 즉, 혈청화학프로필, 요분석, TSH반응시험 및 피부생검을 통하여 평가하였다. 피부생검은 조직학적으로 하는 것과 피부지방산 농도의 측정을 통한 평가, 두가지 방법으로 평가하였다. 평가된 지방산들은 리롤레산, 감마-리롤렌산, 알파-리롤렌산, 아라키돈산, 아이코사테트라에노이산 및 아이코사펜타에노이산 등이었다. 개들은 주관적으로 생검채취부위에서 털의 재성장과 비늘(피부의 얇은 조각)의 존재유무로 평가하였다. 결과에서 보면 각종의 규정식을 급여시킨 개들 사이에서 CBS, 조직적 소견 또는 피부지방산 수치에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 쇠고기 규정식을 급여시킨 12마리중 3마리의 개에서 고콜레스테롤 혈증이 있었고, 콩 규정식을 급여시킨 12마리중 9마리의 개에서 알카리성 오줌과 돼지고기를 급여시킨 12마리중 4마리가 비늘이 주관적 증가가 있었고, 털의 재성장이 감소된 것으로 나타났다.