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K. B. Padmakumar,B. R. Smitha,Lathika Cicily Thomas,C. L. Fanimol,G. SreeRenjima,N. R. Menon,V. N. Sanjeevan 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean science journal Vol.45 No.3
This study presents in situ evidence for the blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum observed in the shelf waters of the South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) during the onset of the southwest monsoon in June 2009. Evidence showed that water surface discoloration was caused by the accumulation of T. erythraeum, and that the water column contained a colony of T. thiebautii. The surface water color in the bloom region varied from pale brown to pinkish red. Pale brown indicated healthy algae at the peak of its photosynthetic activity, while pinkish red indicated the presence of photosynthetically less active filaments. Zooplankton abundance, especially copepodites, in the bloom area substantiated the theory that Trichodesmium filaments are excellent epiphytes to which the copepodites cling. The bloom area was very fertile with copious quantities of dissolved oxygen (6.85 ml L-1), PO4-P (0.108 μmol L-1) and SiO4 (1.29 μmol L-1). Lower NO3-N (0.028 μmol L-1) values in the bloom area did not appear to affect Trichodesmium growth from molecular nitrogen fixation. However, lower NO3-N values altered the normal phytoplankton composition of this area.
Predictive value of post-operative drain amylase levels for post-operative pancreatic fistula
Tang Ee Ling Serene,Shelat Vishalkumar G,Junnarkar Sameer Padmakumar,Huey Cheong Wei Terence,Low Jee Keem,Wang Bei,Woon Wei Liang Winston 한국간담췌외과학회 2018 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.22 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Traditionally, surgically placed pancreatic drains are removed, at the discretion of the operating surgeon. Moving towards enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), we looked for predictors for early drain removal. The purpose of this paper was to establish which postoperative days’ (POD) drain amylase is most predictive against post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 196 patients who underwent pancreatic resection at our institute from January 2006 to October 2013. Drain amylase levels were routinely measured. The International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) definition of POPF, and clinical severity grading were used. Results: 5.1% (10 of 196) patients developed ISGPF Grades B and C POPF. Negative predictive value of developing significant POPF, if drain amylase values were low on PODs 1 and 3 was 98.7% (95% CI: 0.93-1.00). This translated to confidence in removing surgically placed pancreatic drains, at POD 1 and 3 when drain amylase values are low. Conclusions: Patients with low drain amylase values on POD 1 and 3, are unlikely to develop POPF and may have pancreatic drains removed earlier.