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Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture
Paş,ca, Anca M,Sloan, Steven A,Clarke, Laura E,Tian, Yuan,Makinson, Christopher D,Huber, Nina,Kim, Chul Hoon,Park, Jin-Young,O'Rourke, Nancy A,Nguyen, Khoa D,Smith, Stephen J,Huguenard, John R,Ge Nature Publishing Group 2015 NATURE METHODS Vol. No.
The human cerebral cortex develops through an elaborate succession of cellular events that, when disrupted, can lead to neuropsychiatric disease. The ability to reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent cells that can be differentiated in vitro provides a unique opportunity to study normal and abnormal corticogenesis. Here, we present a simple and reproducible 3D culture approach for generating a laminated cerebral cortex–like structure, named human cortical spheroids (hCSs), from pluripotent stem cells. hCSs contain neurons from both deep and superficial cortical layers and map transcriptionally to in vivo fetal development. These neurons are electrophysiologically mature, display spontaneous activity, are surrounded by nonreactive astrocytes and form functional synapses. Experiments in acute hCS slices demonstrate that cortical neurons participate in network activity and produce complex synaptic events. These 3D cultures should allow a detailed interrogation of human cortical development, function and disease, and may prove a versatile platform for generating other neuronal and glial subtypes in vitro.
국소마취제가 원발성 고혈압 흰쥐의 흉부대동맥 평활근에 미치는 영향
강성희,장태호,김병권,박진웅,김세환,백운이,홍정길 대한마취과학회 1992 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.25 No.2
The vascular actions of local anesthetics are important in determining the uptake and distribution of these agents from their site of injection as well as influencing their hemodynamic effects once absorbed. Because of the importance of the endothelium in determining of modulating the vascular response of a wide variety of agents, cumulative dose-dependent vasular effects of lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine on isolated rings of thoracic aorta in normotensive rats(NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) were studied in the presence and absence of intact endothelium. The results were as follows ; The body weight of NTR and SHR averaged 274.71±55.80(N = 38) and 241.43±17.73gm(N = 18) and mean arterial pressure was 74.4l±3.60 and 129.34±2.89mmHg respectively. The mean absolute value of the contraction induced by 5×l0^(-6) M phenylephrine was 3.27±0.98(N = 18) and 2.3l±50.64gm(N = 18) with intact endothelium and 3.12±0.92 and 2.46±0.87 gm without intact endothelium in aortic rings of NTR and SHively. In the response to local anesthetics in preparation with resting tension(1.0 gm), lidocaine and mepivacaine in concentration of 10^(-3) to 1.25×10^(-2) M not produced dose dependent contraction in aortic ring with intact endothelium from NTR. but bupivacaine produced dose-dependent contraction in aortic rings with intact endothelium from NTR. In the aortic rings from NTR and SHR previously contracted with phenylephrine, lidocaine in contraction of 10^(-3) to 1.25×10^(-2) M caused dose related relaxation in aortic rings with or without endothelium but in concentration of 10^(-3) to 510^(-3) M, aortic rings with endothelium were more relaxed than those af without endothelium in NTR. In SHR, aortic rings without endothelium in concentration of 5×10^(-3) to 1.25×10 M were more significantly relaxed than those of with endothelium. In aortic rings from NTR previously contracted with phenylephrine, mepivacaine caused dose-related relaxation, which was more profound in SHR. In aortic rings with endothelium froR previously contracted with phenylephrine, bupivacaine in concentration of 10^(-3) to 1.5×10^(-3) M caused a relaxation and in concentration of 2.5×10^(-3) to 7.5×10^(-3) M and 1.25×10^(-3) M caused a relaxation again. But in the aortic rings without intact endothelium, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation. In the aortic rings without intact endothelium, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation in NTR. In the aortic rings from SHR previously contracted with phenylephrine, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation, which was more profound than those of NTR. The local anesthetics appear to exert their relaxant effect on endothelium independently and more profoundly in SHR.
Soo Jin Na,하태순,서지영,고신옥,Chae-Man Lim,Won-Il Choi, M.D., Ph.D.,Young-Joo Lee,Seok Chan Kim,전규락,Je Hyeong Kim,김재열,Jae Min Lim,Sunghoon Park,김호철,Jin Hwa Lee, M.D., Ph.D.,Ji-Hyun Lee, M.D., Ph.D.,Jisook Pa 대한중환자의학회 2018 Acute and Critical Care Vol.33 No.3
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of critically ill cancer patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Korea. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed prospective collected data from the Validation of Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS3) in Korean ICU (VSKI) study, which is a nationwide, multicenter, and prospective study that considered 5,063 patients from 22 ICUs in Korea over a period of 7 months. Among them, patients older than 18 years of age who were diagnosed with solid or hematologic malignancies prior to admission to the ICU were included in the present study. Results: During the study period, a total of 1,762 cancer patients were admitted to the ICUs and 833 of them were deemed eligible for analysis. Six hundred fifty-eight (79%) had solid tumors and 175 (21%) had hematologic malignancies, respectively. Respiratory problems (30.1%) was the most common reason leading to ICU admission. Patients with hematologic malignancies had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (12 vs. 8, P<0.001) and SAPS3 (71 vs. 69, P<0.001) values and were more likely to be associated with chemotherapy, steroid therapy, and immunocompromised status versus patients with solid tumors. The use of inotropes/vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and/or continuous renal replacement therapy was more frequently required in hematologic malignancy patients. Mortality rates in the ICU (41.7% vs. 24.6%, P<0.001) and hospital (53.1% vs. 38.6%, P=0.002) were higher in hematologic malignancy patients than in solid tumor patients. Conclusions: Cancer patients accounted for one-third of all patients admitted to the studied ICUs in Korea. Clinical characteristics were different according to the type of malignancy. Patients with hematologic malignancies had a worse prognosis than did patients with solid tumor.
NF-kB Family Transcription Factors
Chung, Pa Jin,Hwang, Kyung Kon,Kim, Hong Hee 朝鮮大學校 口腔生物學硏究所 1999 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.23 No.1
NF-κB is a eucaryotic transcription factor that exists in virtually all cell types. More than a decade after its discovery, remains an exciting and active area of study. A primary level of control for NF-κB is through interactions with an inhibitor protein called IκB. recent evidence confirms the existence of multiple forms of IκB that appear to regulate NF-κB by distinct mechanisms. NF-κB can be activated by exposure of cells to LPS or inflammatory cytokines such as TNF or IL-1, viral infection or expression of certain viral gene products, UV irradiation, B or T cell activation, and by other physiological and nonphysiological stimuli. Activation of NF-κB to move into the nucleus is controlled by the targeted phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB. Exciting new research has elaborated several important and unexpected findings that explain mechanisms involved in the activation of NF-κB. In the nucleus, NF-κB dimers bind to target DNA elements and activate transcription of genes encoding proteins involved with immune or inflammation responses and with cell growth control.
Gear Strength Analysis of Transmission for 55 kW Agricutural Tractor
( Pa-ul Lee ),( Nam-gyu Lee ),( Taek-jin Kim ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Agricultural tractors are one of the most widely used machines among agricultural machinery. “The tractors are usable for a variety of operations, as well as many multipurpose usages. Gear system of transmission which took large proportion of the tractor price is most important. The gear system is only designed with empirical method because it is not easy to measure precise load cycle under various working conditions and soil types. Both empirical method and computer simulation software are needed for the efficient design of gear system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze gear of transmission for a 55 kW agricultural tractor using the gear simulation software (KISSsoft and KISSsys). The gear strength such as safety factor and fatigue life was simulated in various input load conditions. The safety factors and fatigue life were calculated based on ISO 6336 and Modified Miner’s rule using the gear simulation software, respectively. Finally, the gear of the transmission was evaluated under various conditions.