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Analysis of the Policy Network for the “Feed-in Tariff Law” in Japan: Evidence from the GEPON Survey
Okura, Sae,Tkach-Kawasaki, Leslie,Kobashi, Yohei,Hartwig, Manuela,Tsujinaka, Yutaka World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2016 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.15 No.1
Energy policy is known to have higher path dependency among policy fields (Kuper and van Soest, 2003; OECD, 2012; Kikkawa, 2013) and is a critical component of the infrastructure development undertaken in the early stages of nation building. Actor roles, such as those played by interest groups, are firmly formed, making it unlikely that institutional change can be implemented. In resource-challenged Japan, energy policy is an especially critical policy area for the Japanese government. In comparing energy policy making in Japan and Germany, Japan’s policy community is relatively firm (Hartwig et al., 2015), and it is improbable that institutional change can occur. The Japanese government’s approach to energy policy has shifted incrementally in the past half century, with the most recent being the 2012 implementation of the “Feed-In Tariff Law” (Act on Special Measures Concerning Procurement of Renewable Electric Energy by Operators of Electric Utilities), which encourages new investment in renewable electricity generation and promotes the use of renewable energy. Yet, who were the actors involved and the factors that influenced the establishment of this new law? This study attempts to assess the factors associated with implementing the law as well as the roles of the relevant major actors. In answering this question, we focus on identifying the policy networks among government, political parties, and interest groups, which suggests that success in persuading key economic groups could be a factor in promoting the law. Our data is based on the “Global Environmental Policy Network Survey 2012-2013 (GEPON2)” which was conducted immediately after the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake with respondents including political parties, the government, interest groups, and civil society organizations. Our results suggest that the Feed in Tariff (FIT) Law’s network structure is similar to the information network and support network, and that the actors at the center of the network support the FIT Law. The strength of our research lays in our focus on political networks and their contributing mechanism to the law’s implementation through analysis of the political process. From an academic perspective, identifying the key actors and factors may be significant in explaining institutional change in policy areas with high path dependency. Close examination of this issue also has implications for a society that can promote renewable and sustainable energy resources.
Okura, Hiromichi,Wada, Masahisa,Serizawa, Takeshi Chemical Society of Japan 2014 Chemistry letters Vol.43 No.5
<P>The dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with water-dispersible properties, which were prepared by HCl treatment of cellulose resources, in organic solvents was investigated by cross-polar images. It was found that the CNCs were dispersed well in amphoteric solvents with strong Lewis acid and base properties, similar to the original water solvent.</P>
( Tomohiro Okura ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Japan is predicted to have a super-aged population on a globally unprecedented scale. By 2025, when the baby boomer generation will be aged 75 years or more, it is predicted that: 1) one in every three people will be 65 years or older (compared with one in four at present) and one in every five people will be 75 years or older (one in 10 at present); 2) the number of people with dementia will have increased from 4.6 million at present to 7.0 million; and 3) approximately 30% of all households will be elderly single or couple households. The long-term care insurance system is essential for supporting the daily lives of people needing long-term care. As the nation with the most rapidly aging population, Japan is responsible for creating a society in which elderly people can live with a sense of security by ensuring that the long-term care insurance system remains sustainable. The extension of a healthy life expectancy is a universal goal. A healthy life expectancy is influenced by medical factors and physical functional ability. For example, higher levels of walking ability and muscle function of the lower extremities are undoubtedly associated with a longer healthy life expectancy. To provide a hypothetical example, an individual can acquire higher level of physical functioning by maintaining a high level of physical activity by frequently going outdoors, at least for the last few years. In addition, an individual can maintain higher levels of physical activity if the individual has many chances to travel, shop, engage in hobbies, and participate in various volunteer activities. Furthermore, that individual may be presented with many such chances if he or she is very sociable, i.e., has high-quality interpersonal interactions and relationships. Although the above considerations focus on personal factors only, it is also important to investigate the relationship of health and fitness with environmental factors, such as the geographical environment and social capital. In this symposium young researchers will introduce up-to-date data and their own research findings on physical activity and physical fitness with the purpose of averting the need of nursing care and supporting successful aging.
Stop-hole conditions to prevent re-initiation of fatigue cracks
Ichiro Okura,Toshiyuki Ishikawa 국제구조공학회 2002 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.2 No.6
In steel bridges fatigue cracks are sometimes repaired by placing drilled holes at the crack tips. From the meaning that the drilled holes stop the propagation of cracks, they are called stop-holes. Since stopholes are regarded as an emergency measure to delay crack propagation, usually some substantial repair follows. However, if the stress at the stop-holes is below their fatigue limit, fatigue cracks would not be expected to occur. The purpose of this study is to present the conditions under which stop-holes prevent the reinitiation of fatigue cracks. The fatigue limit of stop-holes and the equations necessary to estimate the maximum stress on the circumference of the stop-holes are provided.
High Efficiency Operation for H-Bridge DC-DC Converter
K. Okura,T. Nabeshima,T. Sato,K. Nishijima,H. Yajima 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
This paper presents two methods of switching operation for higher conversion efficiency and seamless control for wide range of the input voltage in a H-Bridge DC-DC Converter. This converter consists of buck and boost blocks and a feedforward control from the input voltage is employed for the boost block to realize seamless transition between step down and step up operation mode. From the view point of the conduction loss and the switching loss, two methods of the desirable duty ratio of the boost section and different switching frequencies are examined. As a result, higher efficiency was obtained by minimizing the duty ratio of the boost block for wide range of the input voltage and by decreasing the switching frequency of the buck block without increasing output ripple voltage.
An Analysis of the Unpaid Insurance benefits problem in Japan
( Mahito Okura ) 한국손해사정학회 2009 손해사정연구 Vol.2 No.-
The unpaid insurance benefits problem in Japan is a typical problem that engenders a lack of confidence in insurance companies. The unpaid insurance benefits problem can be defined as the problem where insurance companies do not pay the insurance benefits they are obliged to pay without good reason. In other words, insurance companies take advantage of the loss-adjustment process to reduce their insurance benefits payments. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the unpaid insurance benefits problem in Japan and to outline the main features of the relapse prevention plans submitted by insurance companies. Furthermore, given these explanations, a theoretical analysis is conducted to shed light on the effect of introducing new underwriters`s alary schedules that abolish excessive incentives for getting new insurance contracts and introduce new incentives for maintaining in-force insurance contracts.